Effects of dietary neutral detergent fiber on muscle fiber type composition and meat quality characteristics of black Tibetan sheep北大核心CSCD

The effects of different neutral detergent fiber （NDF） diets on body size indexes，muscle fiber type and meat quality of Qinghai black Tibetan sheep were investigated. Forty healthy 2-month-old black Tibetan sheep with similar body weights ［（10.28±0.43 kg］ were randomly divided into 2 groups with 20 rams per group. They were fed diets with differing neutral detergent fiber （NDF） levels of 26.33% （group L） and 46.14% （group H）. Using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay， ATPase histochemical stain and real-time PCR， the muscle fiber characteristics，gene expression of myosin heavy chains （MyHCs） and meat quality in Black Tibetan sheep were evaluated. Results were as follows：1） The tagma indexes in group H were significantly lower than those in group L （P<0.05）. 2） The number of type II a muscle fibers in group H was significantly more than in group L （P< 0.05），and the areas of type I and type II a muscle fibers in group H were also greater than in group L （P< 0.05）. 3） The mRNA expression levels of MyHC I and MyHC IIa in group L were lower than those in group H （P<0.05），but the mRNA expression levels of MyHC IIb and MyHC IIx exhibited an opposite movement （P< 0.05）. 4） Compared with group L，superoxide dismutase，glutathione peroxidase，catalase and total antioxidant capacity contents increased （P>0.05） in group H，while the malondialdehyde （MDA） content was significantly decreased with in group L. 5） The muscle shear force in Group L was higher than that in Group H （P<0.05），while the redness （a*） was lower than that in Group H （P>0.05）. In conclusion，compared with a low-NDF diet，the high-NDF diet effectively reduced the proportion of glycolic muscle fiber and also enhanced antioxidant capacity，improving the muscle quality of black Tibetan sheep. © 2022 Editorial Office of Acta Prataculturae Sinica. All rights reserved.     

初生和成年黑藏羊肉品质与肌纤维特性差异分析

旨在比较放牧条件下不同年龄间黑藏羊肉品质与肌纤维组织学特性的差异.本研究选择青海自然放牧条件下体况良好的初生黑藏羊(平均体重(2.31±0.49)kg)和12月龄黑藏羊(平均体重(36.58±1.26)kg)各5只,依据年龄分为2组,即羔羊组(lamb)和成年羊组(adult).通过三磷酸腺苷酶(ATPase)染色、酶...     

Effect of muscle type and vacuum chiller ageing period on the chemical compositions,meat quality,sensory attributes and volatile compounds of Korean native cattle beef

The present study demonstrates the effects of different muscle types and chiller ageing periods on the chemical composition, meat quality parameters, sensory characteristics and volatile compounds of Karean native cattle beed. Longissimus dorsi (LD) and Semitendinosus (ST) muscles aged for 7 days and 28 days were used. Moisture, cooking loss, total collagen and Warner‐Bratzler shear force (WBSF) values for the ST were higher than the LD muscle regardless of ageing period (P < 0.05). The LD muscle had higher intramuscular fat (IMF) (P < 0.05). Ageing for 28 days decreased WBSF values whereas it increased thiobarbituric acid of both muscles. Moreover, tenderness, juiciness and flavor scores were significantly higher for the LD muscle at both ageing periods. Increased ageing time improved tenderness of both muscles, and increased juiciness of the LD muscle, whereas there was decreased flavor score of ST muscle (P < 0.05). The majority of the volatile compounds formed from the oxidation of lipids showed differences between the two muscles. Ageing for 28 days increased in the amounts of many volatile compounds; however, the amounts of some important volatile compounds were decreased. These results clearly demonstrate that muscle type and ageing have a potential effect on meat quality, sensory characteristics and volatile profile.     

发酵麸皮多糖对肉羊肉品质、肌肉氨基酸组成及肌肉抗氧化酶和肌纤维类型相关基因表达的影响

试验旨在研究发酵麸皮多糖(FWBP)对肉羊肉品质、肌肉氨基酸组成及肌肉抗氧化酶和肌纤维类型相关基因表达的影响。选用50只体重为(20.17±3.33)kg的6周龄杜泊×小尾寒羊F1代杂交羔羊,随机分为5组,每组10只。对照组(Ⅰ组)饲喂基础饲粮,试验组(Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组)分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加50、100、200、400 mg/kg FWBP的试验饲粮,预试期14 d,正试期56 d。结果表明:1)Ⅱ和Ⅲ组肉羊背最长肌剪切力显著低于Ⅰ组(P<0.05)。2)Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组肉羊背最长肌中蛋氨酸(Met)含量显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05);Ⅳ组肉羊背最长肌中的半胱氨酸(Cys)含量显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05),而谷氨酸(Glu)和亮氨酸(Leu)含量显著低于Ⅰ组(P<0.05);Ⅴ组肉羊背最长肌中丝氨酸(Ser)含量显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05),而缬氨酸(Val)含量显著低于Ⅰ组(P<0.05)。3)各试验组肉羊背最长肌中过氧化氢酶(CAT)的mRNA相对表达量显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05),且Ⅲ组肉羊背最长肌中CAT的mRNA相对表达量显著高于Ⅱ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组(P<0.05)。Ⅲ组肉羊背最长肌中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH⁃Px)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的mRNA相对表达量显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05)。4)Ⅲ组肉羊背最长肌中肌球蛋白重链(MyHC)Ⅰ和MyHCⅡa的mRNA相对表达量显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05),且MyHCⅡx的mRNA相对表达量显著低于Ⅰ组(P<0.05)。Ⅲ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ组肉羊背最长肌中MyHCⅡb的mRNA相对表达量显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05)。综上所述,饲粮中添加FWBP可以降低肉羊背最长肌剪切力,改善其氨基酸组成,提高肌肉抗氧化能力,诱导Ⅱx型肌纤维向Ⅰ和Ⅱa型肌纤维的转化,且以添加100 mg/kg效果较佳。     

Dietary supplementation with carnosine improves antioxidant capacity and meat quality of finishing pigs

This study was conducted to determine the effect of dietary carnosine (β‐alanyl‐l ‐histidine) supplementation on antioxidant capacity and meat quality of pigs. 72 pigs approximately 60 kg were fed a corn‐ and soybean meal‐based diet supplemented with 0, 25, 50 or 100 mg carnosine per kg diet for 8 weeks. Carnosine supplementation did not affect growth performance and carcass traits of pigs. However, the addition of 100 mg carnosine per kg diet increased pH value of muscle at 45 min, 24 h and 48 h postmortem. It also decreased drip loss at 48 h postmortem and increased redness value of muscle at 45 min postmortem (p < 0.05). The addition of 100 mg carnosine per kg diet enhanced glycogen concentration and Ca‐ATPase activity at 24 and 48 h postmortem, and reduced malondialdehyde and carbonyl protein complexes concentrations in muscle at 24 h postmortem (p < 0.05). The addition of 100 mg carnosine per kg diet increased glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities in plasma, liver or muscle, as well as SOD and GSH‐Px genes expression in muscle (p < 0.05). Taken together, these findings indicate that carnosine supplementation improves antioxidant capacity and meat quality of pigs.     

Effect of Dietary Supplementation of Maggot Dry on Meat Performance,Nutritional Quality and Flavor Compounds of Meat in Qingjiao Ma Chickens

This experiment was conducted to study the effect of dietary supplementation of maggot dry on meat performance,nutritional quality and flavor compounds of meat in Qingjiao Ma chickens.A total of 1200 Qingjiao Ma cocks at 35 days of age were randomly allocated to 2 groups with 4 replicates per group and 150 chickens per replicate.The chickens in control group were only fed the basic diet (without maggot dry),and those in the experiment group were fed basal diet supplemented with 3% maggot dry.The chickens in two groups were raised in the same conditions.At 70 days of age,eight cocks were randomly selected and slaughtered in each group.The results showed as follows:①The meat performance in control group and experiment group were all good,and had no significant difference (P>0.05).② Compared with control group,the crude protein contents of chest and leg muscle in experiment group were increased by 8.8% and 4.4% (P<0.05),respectively,and the amino acids (especially essential amino acid) contents were increased by 11.0% and 2.3% (P<0.05),respectively;The relative contents of nutmeg acid and pentadecane acid in chest and leg muscle of experiment group were significantly higher than those of control group (P<0.05).③ Compared with control group,the delicious amino acid content in chest and leg muscle were increased by 11.9% and 3.5%,respectively;the inosine acid content in chest muscle of experiment group was increased by 21.1%,The four kinds of special volatile flavor substances (dipentene,methoxyacetone,3-nonanone and isobutyl lactate) of meat in experiment group were obtained,and the flavour components of aldehyde and mushroom alcohol were higher than those of control group.Therefore,dietary supplementation of 3% maggot dry could increase the contents of crude protein,amino acids,delicious substance and volatile flavour compounds,and helped to produce chickens with flavor and nutritious meats.     

日粮中添加蝇蛆干对青脚麻鸡产肉性能、肉营养品质及风味物质的影响

本试验旨在研究日粮中添加蝇蛆干对青脚麻鸡产肉性能、肉营养品质及风味物质的影响。选择1200只35日龄的青脚麻鸡公雏,随机分为2组,每组4个重复,每个重复150只。对照组饲喂不添加蝇蛆干基础日粮,试验组在饲喂基础日粮的基础上添加3%蝇蛆干。在相同条件下饲养至70日龄,每组随机抽取8只进行屠宰并分别取胸肌和腿肌样品进行测定。结果表明:①两组产肉性能优良,无显著差异(P>0.05);②与对照组相比,试验组青脚麻鸡胸肌、腿肌中粗蛋白质含量分别提高了8.8%和4.4%(P<0.05),总氨基酸含量分别提高了11.0%和2.3%(P<0.05);试验组青脚麻鸡肉中肉豆蔻烯酸、十五烷酸相对含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05);③与对照组相比,试验组青脚麻鸡胸肌、腿肌中鲜味氨基酸含量分别提高了11.9%和3.5%,胸肌中肌苷酸含量显著提高了21.1%(P<0.05);试验组青脚麻鸡肉中测出双戊烯、1-甲氧基-2-丙酮、3-壬酮和乳酸異丁酯4种特有的挥发性风味物质,且香味呈味物醛类和1-辛烯-3-醇的含量明显高于对照组。由此可知,日粮中额外添加3%蝇蛆干能提高青脚麻鸡肉中粗蛋白质、氨基酸、鲜味物质和挥发性香味物质的含量,对于生产营养风味俱佳的青脚麻鸡具有一定的促进作用。     

3种添加剂对91~115日龄清远麻鸡生长性能、抗氧化性能和肉品质的影响

本研究旨在探究3种不同添加剂对91~115日龄清远麻鸡生长性能、抗氧化能力、肌肉品质、肌肉感官评定及风味物质含量的影响。试验采用单因素随机分组设计,选用1 200只91日龄清远麻鸡母鸡分为4个组,每组10个重复,每个重复30只鸡,饲养周期25 d。对照组饲喂基础饲粮（CON）,3个处理组分别在基础饲粮中添加纳米铜复配预混剂（NC）、灵芝孢子粉复配预混剂（GLS）和大豆异黄酮预混剂（SI）。试验结束后,采集试验鸡血浆、空肠黏膜及胸肌样品,测定血液与空肠的抗氧化能力、胸肌肉质性状及风味物质含量。结果显示,与对照组相比,①3种添加剂对91~115日龄清远麻鸡的生长性能及胴体性状均无显著影响（P>0.05）;②3种添加剂组试验鸡胸肌亮度（L^*）值显著降低（P<0.05）、pH显著提高（P<0.05）,GLS组胸肌滴水损失显著降低（P<0.05）;③使用蒸的方式烹饪时,SI组肌肉的色泽与外形评分显著提高（P<0.05）,GLS组肌肉在蒸和煮的烹饪方式下多汁度均显著提高（P<0.05）;④NC与SI组试验鸡肌肉中肌苷酸与谷氨酸含量显著提高（P<0.05）,SI组肌内脂肪含量也显著提高（P<0.05）;⑤NC组试验鸡血浆谷胱甘肽过氧化氢酶（GSH-Px）活性及SI组试验鸡空肠GSH-Px活性均显著提高（P<0.05）,GLS组试验鸡空肠丙二醛（MDA）含量显著降低（P<0.05）。综上,在本试验条件下,3种添加剂对91~115日龄清远麻鸡生长性能与胴体品质没有显著影响,但可提高肉鸡抗氧化能力,改善其肉品质,提高肌肉感官特性,其中NC与SI可增加肉中风味物质含量,效果更优。     

运动对苏尼特羊肌纤维组织学特性和肉品质的影响及其调控机理

本试验以6月龄苏尼特羊为研究对象,采用肌球蛋白重链(MyHC)分子分型法、ATP酶染色法分析肌纤维组织学特性,并对肉品质指标、能量代谢相关基因mRNA相对表达量、代谢酶活性进行测定及分析,以探究运动对苏尼特羊肌纤维特性和肉品质的影响及其调控机理.选取体况良好、平均体重为(19.77±3.81)kg的3月龄苏尼特羊14只...     

Dietary lycopene supplementation improves meat quality,antioxidant capacity and skeletal muscle fiber type transformation in finishing pigs

This study aimed to investigate effects of dietary lycopene supplementation on meat quality,antioxidant ability and muscle fiber type transformation in finishing pigs.In a 70-day experiment,18 Duroc
Landrace
Yorkshire barrows were randomly allocated to 3 dietary treatments including a basal diet supplemented with 0,100 and 200 mg/kg lycopene,respectively.Each dietary treatment had 6 replicates with one pig each.Results showed that dietary 200 mg/kg lycopene supplementation increased muscle redness a^*value,intramuscular fat and crude protein contents,and decreased muscle lightness L^*and yellowness b^*values(P<0.05),suggesting that addition of 200 mg/kg lycopene to the diet of finishing pigs improved color,nutritional value and juiciness of pork after slaughter.Results also showed that dietary lycopene supplementation enhanced antioxidant capacity of finishing pigs(P<0.05).Moreover,dietary supplementation of 200 mg/kg lycopene significantly increased slow myosin heavy chain(MyHC)protein level and slow-twitch fiber percentage,and decreased fast MyHC protein level and fast-twitch fiber percentage(P<0.05),suggesting that the addition of 200 mg/kg lycopene to the diet of finishing pigs promoted muscle fiber type conversion from fast-twitch to slow-twitch.Together,we provide the first evidence that dietary 200 mg/kg lycopene supplementation improves meat quality,enhances antioxidant capacity and promotes muscle fiber type transformation from fast-twitch to slow-twitch in finishing pigs.     

Duration of feeding linseed diet influences expression of inflammation-related genes and growth performance of growing-finishing barrows

The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of dietary linseed (rich in n-3 PUFA) on expression of inflammation-related genes and on growth performance of growing-finishing barrows. Two isoenergetic and isonitrogenous diets were formulated, one as the basal diet and the other containing 10% linseed. Twenty-four Landrace x Yorkshire barrows weighing 35 +/- 3.7 kg were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatment groups, with 6 pigs per group. During the entire experimental period of 90 d, these 4 groups of pigs were first fed the basal diet and then fed the linseed diet for 0, 30, 60, and 90 d before slaughter, respectively. Pig growth; messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma), IL-1beta0, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha); and plasma concentrations of the 3 proinflammatory cytokines were measured and analyzed. Average daily feed intake did not differ among treatment groups (P > 0.05), but ADG (P < 0.05) and G:F (P < 0.01) responded quadratically to the duration of linseed diet feeding, and pigs in the 60-d treatment group had the greatest ADG and G:F. The mRNA expression of PPARgamma in loin muscle and spleen increased linearly (P < 0.01) with the duration of linseed diet feeding, whereas its expression in adipose tissue was not affected (P = 0.095). Tumor necrosis factor-alpha and IL-6 mRNA expression in muscle, adipose, and spleen, as well as serum concentration of TNF-alpha, decreased linearly (P < 0.01) with the duration of linseed diet feeding. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma mRNA abundance was negatively correlated with IL-1beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha mRNA abundance both in muscle (R(2) = 0.63, P < 0.001) and in spleen (R(2) = 0.69, P < 0.001), and PPARgamma mRNA expression in spleen (R(2) = 0.59, P < 0.01) and muscle (R(2) = 0.52, P < 0.05) was negatively correlated with serum TNF-alpha concentration. There were also significant quadratic relations between ADG and expression of PPARgamma (P < 0.05) and splenic TNF-alpha (P < 0.05). These data suggest that intake of n-3 PUFA from the linseed diet led to significant decreases in the expression of proinflammatory cytokine genes, which may stimulate growth in growing-finishing barrows, at least in part, through a PPARgamma-dependent mechanism.     

肉鸭胸肌特异挥发性风味物质的鉴定

为了寻找快大型肉鸭和优质小体型肉鸭的主要挥发性风味物质,构建不同品种肉鸭胸肌气味轮廓,探究品种对肉风味的影响。本试验以9周龄北京鸭、连城白鸭、野鸭胸肌为材料,采用固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱(SPME-GC-MS)联用技术对其进行检测,计算相对气味活度值(ROAV)寻找各品种鸭胸肌中主要挥发性风味物质。运用正交偏最小二乘法判别分析(OPLS-DA)寻找3个品种肉鸭胸肌差异挥发性风味物质。同时结合电子鼻进行检测。通过SPME-GC-MS技术共检测出104种物质,这些化合物主要为醛类、醇类、酮类和呋喃类物质。北京鸭胸肌中挥发性物质中醇类物质最多,占比40.01%,其次是醛类和呋喃。而连城白鸭和野鸭胸肌中挥发性物质占比以醛类最高,其次是呋喃和醇类物质。通过计算ROAV可得,有43种挥发性物质对鸭胸肌风味有贡献,其中,3个品种胸肌共有物质32种。同时,电子鼻可以对3个品种胸肌进行区分。通过分析3个品种鸭胸肌挥发性物质的结果,探索了3个品种鸭胸肌的特征香气标志物。北京鸭的主要风味物质为(E)-2,4-癸二烯醛、壬醛、2-辛烯醛、2-戊基呋喃、1-辛烯-3-酮;连城白鸭的主要风味物质为(E)-2,4-癸二烯醛、壬醛、2-戊基呋喃、2-辛烯醛、己醛;野鸭主要风味物质为壬醛、2-戊基呋喃、正辛醛、己醛。OPLS-DA结果表明,3种鸭肉的主要差异风味物质基本集中在醛类和醇类物质。本研究对3个品种熟制后的鸭胸肌进行挥发性风味物质的检测,为构建不同品种肉鸭胸肌气味轮廓,探究品种对肉风味的影响具有重要的理论意义。     

肉鸭胸肌特异挥发性风味物质的鉴定

为了寻找快大型肉鸭和优质小体型肉鸭的主要挥发性风味物质,构建不同品种肉鸭胸肌气味轮廓,探究品种对肉风味的影响。本试验以9周龄北京鸭、连城白鸭、野鸭胸肌为材料,采用固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱(SPME-GC-MS)联用技术对其进行检测,计算相对气味活度值(ROAV)寻找各品种鸭胸肌中主要挥发性风味物质。运用正交偏最小二乘法判别分析(OPLS-DA)寻找3个品种肉鸭胸肌差异挥发性风味物质。同时结合电子鼻进行检测。通过SPME-GC-MS技术共检测出104种物质,这些化合物主要为醛类、醇类、酮类和呋喃类物质。北京鸭胸肌中挥发性物质中醇类物质最多,占比40.01%,其次是醛类和呋喃。而连城白鸭和野鸭胸肌中挥发性物质占比以醛类最高,其次是呋喃和醇类物质。通过计算ROAV可得,有43种挥发性物质对鸭胸肌风味有贡献,其中,3个品种胸肌共有物质32种。同时,电子鼻可以对3个品种胸肌进行区分。通过分析3个品种鸭胸肌挥发性物质的结果,探索了3个品种鸭胸肌的特征香气标志物。北京鸭的主要风味物质为(E)-2,4-癸二烯醛、壬醛、2-辛烯醛、2-戊基呋喃、1-辛烯-3-酮;连城白鸭的主要风味物质为(E)-2,4-癸二烯醛、壬醛、2-戊基呋喃、2-辛烯醛、己醛;野鸭主要风味物质为壬醛、2-戊基呋喃、正辛醛、己醛。OPLS-DA结果表明,3种鸭肉的主要差异风味物质基本集中在醛类和醇类物质。本研究对3个品种熟制后的鸭胸肌进行挥发性风味物质的检测,为构建不同品种肉鸭胸肌气味轮廓,探究品种对肉风味的影响具有重要的理论意义。     

饲粮能氨水平对不同品种猪肉质性状及相关基因表达的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮能氮水平对不同品种猪肉质性状以及肌纤维类型和细胞因子相关基因表达的影响.选取巴马香猪和长白猪共96头(48头/品种),随机分为4组(每组24头猪),分别为长白猪饲喂NRC饲粮组、长白猪饲喂我国地方猪标准(GB)饲粮组、巴马香猪饲喂NRC饲粮组、巴马香猪饲喂GB饲粮组.试验从5周龄开始,至出栏时结束.分别于保育期、生长期和肥育期末,每组选择8头体况相近猪只屠宰,采集肌肉样品分析.结果表明:生长阶段显著影响了试验猪背最长肌熟肉率和肌球蛋白重链(MyHC)Ⅱx、MyHCⅡ易及白细胞介素-15(IL-15)mRNA表达水平(P<0.05),且随生长阶段呈增加趋势;与长白猪相比,巴马香猪的背最长肌熟肉率、MyHC Ⅰ mRNA表达水平显著升高(P<0.05),而滴水损失显著降低(P<0.05);与NRC饲粮相比,GB饲粮显著提高了生长期长白猪和巴马香猪的pH45 min(P<0.05),显著上调了保育期和肥育期猪背最长肌MyHC Ⅰ mRNA表达水平(P<0.05);与GB饲粮相比,NRC饲粮显著上调了生长期猪背最长肌MyHC Ⅰ mRNA表达水平(P<0.05).由此可见,品种和生长阶段均可显著影响肉质性状及相关基因的表达,饲粮能氮水平则主要通过与生长阶段产生互作效应影响肉质性状及肌纤维类型相关基因的表达.     

罗伊氏乳酸杆菌LR1对猪蛋白消化酶基因表达、肌肉抗氧化指标及氨基酸组成的影响

试验旨在研究长期饲喂罗伊氏乳酸杆菌LR1（Lactobacillus reuteri 1）对猪胃及胰腺蛋白消化相关酶的基因表达、肌肉抗氧化指标及冰鲜肉氨基酸谱的影响。选用144头（杜×长×大）21日龄断奶仔猪（平均体重6.49 kg±0.04 kg）,随机分为3组。对照组饲粮为基础饲粮,抗生素组饲粮为添加抗生素的基础饲粮（仔猪阶段添加100 mg/kg喹乙醇和75 mg/kg金霉素,生长肥育猪阶段添加75 mg/kg金霉素）,LR1组饲粮为添加5×10¹⁰ CFU/kg LR1的基础饲粮,试验期175 d。结果表明：与对照组相比,①抗生素组猪胰腺中弹性蛋白酶的表达降低（P<0.05）;LR1组胃窦、胃贲门及胃底黏膜中胃蛋白酶A的表达提高（P<0.05）,同时也高于抗生素组（P<0.05）。②抗生素组猪背最长肌（longissimus dorsis muscle,LDM）总抗氧化能力（total antioxidant capacity,T-AOC）及总超氧化物歧化酶（total superoxide dismutase,T-SOD）活力增加（P<0.05）;LR1不影响LDM中丙二醛（malondialdehyde,MDA）含量,T-AOC、T-SOD及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（glutathione peroxidase,GSH-Px）活力（P>0.05）。③饲粮添加抗生素及LR1不影响冰鲜肉水解氨基酸含量及组成（P>0.05）;抗生素组24 h冰鲜肉中甲硫氨酸（苦味氨基酸）含量、甜味氨基酸总量及游离氨基酸总量降低（P<0.05）,而LR1降低24 h冰鲜肉中甲硫氨酸含量（P<0.05）;饲粮中添加抗生素及LR1均降低48 h冰鲜肉中甜味氨基酸、苦味氨基酸、必需氨基酸及总游离氨基酸（P<0.05）,同时,抗生素组48 h冰鲜肉中鲜味氨基酸含量降低（P<0.05）。综上,与对照组相比,长期饲喂LR1可提高猪胃对蛋白质的消化功能,改善24 h冰鲜肉的风味;而长期饲喂抗生素降低猪胰腺的消化功能,提高肌肉抗氧化能力,但降低24及48 h冰鲜肉的风味。     

Effect of L‐theanine on meat quality,muscle amino acid profiles,and antioxidant status of broilers

This study investigated the effect of L ‐theanine on carcass traits, meat quality, muscle antioxidant capacity, and amino acid (AA) profiles of broilers. Three hundred 1‐day‐old Ross 308 male broilers were randomly allotted to five groups with six replicates. Birds were fed the basal diet or basal diet with 300, 600, 900, or 1,500 mg/kg L ‐theanine for 42 consecutive days. The results showed that L ‐theanine quadratically increased dressing percentage, eviscerated percentage, and leg muscle yield (p < .05). Meanwhile, drip loss, cooking loss, shear force, L*_24h, and muscle lactate content decreased quadratically in response to dietary L ‐theanine supplementation (p < .05), while pH_24h and muscle glycogen content were quadratically improved by L ‐theanine (p < .05). Notably, the contents of muscle malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl, and the activities of muscle total antioxidant capacity, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase decreased quadratically in response to dietary L ‐theanine supplementation (p < .05), suggesting that the oxidative stress level of muscle was decreased quadratically. Moreover, L ‐theanine quadratically increased the concentrations of most of muscle essential AA, nonessential AA, and flavor AA (p < .05). In conclusion, L ‐theanine can be used as a valuable feed additive to modulate carcass traits, meat quality, muscle antioxidant status, and AA profiles of boilers, and its optimum addition level is 600 mg/kg based on the present study.     

湖羊肌肉营养成分组成及风味物质研究

选取5、10、18月龄及4岁湖羊各10只,屠宰后取背最长肌和肱三头肌分析常规营养成分;取10月龄湖羊背最长肌分析氨基酸;取肱三头肌测风味物质。结果表明:湖羊肌肉水分含量随年龄增长而降低(P<0.05),粗蛋白含量、粗脂肪、粗灰分的含量随年龄增长而增加(P<0.05)。湖羊肌肉蛋白质中8种必需氨基酸组成全面,与FAO模式比较,各种氨基酸评分均接近或大于1。湖羊肌肉脂肪中检测到的70种挥发性风味化合物,包括14种酸、7种酮、9种醛、5种醇、10种酯类、13种烃、12种其他化合物(包括呋喃、吡嗪、吡啶、吲哚等含氮硫氧等杂环化合物)。其中酯类含量最高,占肉中总风味物24.1%~28.3%,其次为烃和酸,分别占20.5%~21.2%和19.0%~20.0%。     

饲粮中添加番茄渣对育肥猪生长性能、胴体性状、肉品质和抗氧化能力的影响

本试验的目的是探讨饲粮中添加番茄渣对育肥猪生长性能、胴体性状、肉品质和抗氧化能力的影响。采用单因素试验设计,将80头平均体重为(95.20±3.95)kg的"杜×长×大"三元杂交育肥母猪随机分成4组,每组4个重复,每个重复5头。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,TOP100组、TOP200组、TOP300组分别饲喂基础饲粮+100 g/(头·d)番茄渣、基础饲粮+200 g/(头·d)番茄渣、基础饲粮+300 g/(头·d)番茄渣。预试期3 d,正试期37 d。结果显示:1)TOP100组平均增重和平均日增重极显著高于其他3组(P0.01)。2)与对照组相比,TOP200组的胴体重显著增加(P0.05);TOP100组的胴体长显著降低(P0.05);TOP100组、TOP200组、TOP300组的眼肌面积分别增加了49.11%、46.82%、71.93%(P0.05)。3)与对照组相比,TOP200组的肌肉红度值极显著升高(P0.01),TOP100组的肌肉蒸煮损失减少了15.17%(P0.05),TOP100组、TOP200组的肌肉离心失水率极显著降低(P0.01)。4)与对照组相比,TOP300组的肝脏总抗氧化能力显著升高(P0.05);TOP200组的肝脏丙二醛含量显著降低(P0.05);TOP300组的肌肉总超氧化物歧化酶活性显著降低(P0.05);TOP100组、TOP200组、TOP300组的肌肉丙二醛含量显著降低(P0.05)。以上研究结果表明,饲粮中添加100 g/(头·d)番茄渣能显著提高育肥猪的平均日增重且降低料重比,改善胴体性状和肉品质,并提高肝脏和肌肉抗氧化能力;此外,番茄渣在育肥猪饲粮中的添加量每天每头不宜超过300 g。     

饲粮添加氨基酸锌对育肥羊屠宰性能、肉品质及血液和组织中微量元素含量的影响

本试验旨在研究氨基酸锌对育肥羊屠宰性能、肉品质及血液和组织中微量元素含量的影响.选择4月龄、体重为(29.00±0.61)kg的健康滩湖杂F1代公羊48只,随机分为4组,每组12只.对照组饲粮锌含量为52.80 mg/kg(硫酸锌),其中不含硫酸锌的锌含量为18.02 mg/kg,试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组、试验Ⅲ组试验饲粮锌...     

日粮中添加包被肉桂油对肉鸡屠宰性能、肌肉品质和风味的影响

为探究鸡日粮中添加包被肉桂油对肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能、肌肉品质和肌肉风味的影响,试验选用168只1日龄罗斯308雏鸡,随机分成2个处理组,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中添加300 mg/kg的包被肉桂油。结果显示:与对照组相比,试验组肉鸡活体重没有显著的差异(P>0.05);21日龄胸肌的a^*值和b^*值(P<0.05)和42日龄胸肌和腿肌的24 h pH值(P<0.05)提高,21和42日龄胸肌和腿肌的滴水损失(P<0.05)降低;21日龄胸肌中过氧化氢的含量和42日龄胸肌丙二醛含量(P<0.01)降低;腿肌中的甜味氨基酸(丝氨酸和甘氨酸)(P<0.05)和芳香族氨基酸(酪氨酸和苯丙氨酸)的含量(P<0.01)提高。研究表明:日粮中添加300 mg/kg的包被肉桂油能够改善肉鸡肌肉品质的部分指标,提高胸肌抗氧化力和腿肌风味。