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The purpose of this study was to provide a reference for xeroradiographic and conventional radiographic anatomy of the mallard duck ( Anas platyrhynchos ) as a representative of the avian Order Anseriformes. The head, body, wing, and pelvic limb of three adult birds were radiographed using xeroradiographic and conventional radiographic techniques. Nine xeroradiographs and their corresponding conventional radiographs were selected, and the xeroradiographs labeled to illustrate normal anatomy. Selected views of other anseriform species were included to illustrate certain anatomical features unique to those species.  相似文献   

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从患病鹅群中分离到一株禽副黏病毒,编号为2/GD/05/Go,简写为GPMV-2/05。经纯化后发现该病毒在透射电镜下呈圆形、大小比较均一,表面有纤突,对氯仿和酸敏感,不耐热,在中性和碱性溶液中比较稳定。血清学试验结果表明该病毒具有血凝活性,且能被鸡新城疫病毒(NDV)I系、Ⅳ系抗血清部分抑制,但与禽流感、小鹅瘟等病毒无交叉反应。人工感染结果显示,新分离到的病毒对1、14、28、48日龄的鹅均有很强的致病性,尤以30日龄内最为严重,死亡率高达100%;经口服、点眼滴鼻、肌注、皮下注射等途径均能感染鹅,并且临床症状和死亡率与自然感染病例相似。该病毒对鸡也有很高的致病性和致死率,但用NDV强毒攻毒的鹅并不发病。通过免疫保护试验发现,GPMV-2/05与NDVI系、Ⅳ系及强毒F48E9有部分免疫原性交叉。血清学、电镜观察、理化鉴定、病理组织学观察、免疫保护试验、RT-PCR鉴定以及致病性指数的测定等结果均表明该病毒是一株对鹅具有高致病力的禽副黏病毒。  相似文献   

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Foot pad dermatitis (FPD), a condition of inflammation and necrotic lesions on the plantar surface of the footpads, is commonly observed in fast‐growing broiler chickens and turkeys. FPD negatively affects the welfare of birds, performance indices and the economic profit of poultry meat production. Nutrition is an important factor affecting water intake, excreta moisture and litter quality and, in this way, the occurrence and intensity of FPD in birds. This article reviews and discusses the recent results published in the literature on the effects of nutritional factors on litter quality and FPD severity in broiler chickens and turkeys. Literature data on the efficacy of nutritional methods on the litter quality and FPD occurrence are not consistent. However, the results of several experiments indicate that the optimal level of crude protein, biotin and electrolytes (Na, K) in the diet, as well as feed additives such as feed enzymes hydrolysating non‐starch polysaccharides and organic sources of microelements (zinc), may reduce the litter moisture as well as FPD incidence and severity in broiler chickens and turkey.  相似文献   

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Supplementary feeding can affect populations of birds. It reduces energy spent on foraging and reduces the risk of starvation, but it also increases the risk of disease transmission and predation. Supplementary feeding may reduce species richness if some species are better able to exploit supplementary food resources than others. Feeding may also artificially inflate the carrying capacity of the ecosystem, leading to bird nuisance in the form of droppings and noise. The aim of this study was to characterise and quantify the risk factors and consequences of feeding free-living birds in public areas in the western part of the city of Amsterdam. In seven study areas, the following data were collected: bird population size and species composition, feeding events, and the type and amount of supplementary food offered. Estimations were made of the nutritional energy provided and the number of birds that could be supported by the food offered. Members of the public who fed the birds were invited to complete a questionnaire on various aspects of feeding. Results showed that supplementary feeding attracts juvenile gulls and feral pigeons, which could in the long-term affect biodiversity. Bread was the main category of supplementary food being offered (estimated to be 67% of the total amount of food). The majority of respondents fed birds so as not to waste bread and meal leftovers. In six of the seven areas studied, an overabundance of nutritional energy was calculated. We conclude that the current type and extent of supplementary feeding in the city of Amsterdam is nutritionally unbalanced and affects species diversity at a local level. The overabundance is undesirable for reasons of both animal health, because it can lead to malnutrition, and public health, because surplus food attracts rats and may also have a negative effect on water quality.  相似文献   

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鹅源禽副粘病毒GPMV/QY97-1株的生物学特性   总被引:33,自引:2,他引:33  
对新近分离到的鹅源禽副粘病毒GPMV/QY97-1株的生物学特性进行了研究。结果表明,该病毒粒子在电镜下呈球形,直径121~250nm,表面有纤突,能凝集鸡的红细胞,血凝反应能被I型禽副粘病毒阳性血清所抑制,由此初步判定该病毒属于I型禽副粘病毒,该病毒人工感染1、14、28、48日龄的鹅,发病率均为100%。致死率分别为100%、87.5%、62.5%、12.5%;人工感染25日龄的鸡,发病率和致  相似文献   

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用三批AE(Avian Encephalomyebius)油佐剂灭活疫苗免疫开产前种鸡,免疫后定期采集种蛋进行孵化,当孵至6日龄时取部分鸡胚,卵黄囊途径接种AEVVR株,进行AE鸡胚易感性试验,剩余鸡胚孵化至出雏后,分别于1,7,14,21日龄肌肉途径攻击AEV VR株,攻毒后观察不同日龄仔代雏鸡AE的保护能力。结果疫苗免疫后2-3个月的种鸡所产种蛋的AE鸡胚易感性试验的保护率达100%,而同期所产种蛋孵出的子代雏鸡,在出雏后3周内对AEVVR株攻毒的保护率亦达100%,免疫后6-7个月种鸡所产种蛋的AEVVR鸡胚易感性试验的保护率达75%-80%,而同期所产种蛋孵 出的子代雏鸡,在出雏后3周内对AEVVR株攻毒的保护率达70%-90%,试验结果表明,AE鸡胚易感性试验的鸡胚保护率与同期雏鸡对AEV VR肌肉途径攻毒的保护率基本相同。  相似文献   

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采用重组禽流感灭活疫苗(H5N1亚型,Re-1株)、禽流感灭活疫苗(H5亚型,N28株)、禽流感H5-H9二价灭活疫苗三种疫苗免疫农村散养鸭,结果表明,在一次免疫和加强免疫中,重组禽流感灭活疫苗、禽流感灭活疫苗的抗体效价都分别明显高于H5-H9二价灭活疫苗同期的H5抗体效价,因此对水禽免疫宜使用重组禽流感灭活疫苗或禽流感灭活疫苗;加强免疫明显比一次免疫效果好,应用禽流感灭活苗对散养鸭免疫,必须加强方可达到理想的免疫效果。  相似文献   

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本研究对1株鹅源H5N1亚型禽流感病毒血凝素(HA)基因进行了扩增、克隆及序列测定。结果表明:所扩增的片段长1707bp,包含完整的开放阅读框架,编码568个氨基酸。该毒株裂解位点的氨基酸序列为RRRKKR,具有高致病性的分子特征;该毒株有6个潜在糖基化位点;受体结合位点的氨基酸分别为YWIHELY,其左侧壁氨基酸为SGVSSA,右侧壁为NGQSGR。该毒株与国内外一些参考毒株的HA基因序列比较,核苷酸同源率为76.8%~98.1%,氨基酸同源率为85.7%~97.4%,属于欧亚种系。  相似文献   

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表现腺胃炎的蛋用型鸡J亚群-白血病病毒的分离与鉴定   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1  
从表现腺胃炎的尼克珊瑚粉商品代蛋鸡中分离到J亚群-白血病病毒(ALV-J)。将病料或鸡白细胞接种于CEF,培养12 d,分别采用单克隆抗体间接免疫荧光试验检测,结果10只鸡中有9只鸡分离到ALV-J,其中有4只鸡还存在与禽网状内皮增生病病毒(REV)的共感染。通过PCR扩增gp85基因,与已发表的20株ALV-J进行同源性比较。结果表明,与来自白羽肉鸡的HPRS103的同源性为97.8%,而与来自蛋用型鸡的SD07LK1株的同源性为93.0%。本研究发现,在某些仅仅发生腺胃炎的鸡也可能普遍存在ALV-J感染,再次显示了腺胃炎病料中病毒感染的多样性。ALV-J可能成为致腺胃炎的病原之一,但其致病作用有待进一步研究。  相似文献   

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鸭经肌肉接种禽流感病毒A/duck/Guangdong/185/2004(H5N1)和A/duck/Guangdong/221/2004(H5N1)后,2周内未见死亡,但具有一些显微和超微病理学变化,主要表现为呼吸道、消化道黏膜受损,心脏、肝脏、肺脏、肾脏、脑等器官一定程度的充血、淤血、出血、水肿及实质细胞变性、坏死和炎症等。  相似文献   

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应用已建立的鸡肿瘤病快速鉴别诊断技术对源自安徽省5个不同地区的46个鸡群的肿瘤病、抑制病疑似病、死鸡305羽进行检测。结果表明,马立克氏病的阳性率为39.34%(120/305),禽网状内皮组织增生征阳性率为8.52%(26/305),禽白血病阳性率为2.624%(8/305);另对17群未进行MD免疫的肉鸡进行随机抽样检测,其中5个鸡群检测出马立克氏病病毒强毒,阳性率为29.41%(5/17),阳性群的平均检出率为24 %。  相似文献   

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对新疆塔城市发生的一起临床怀疑为高致病性禽流感疫情进行流行病学调查,并采用血凝抑制试验、RT—PCR和禽流感通用荧光RT—PCR对血清及病料进行初步鉴定和诊断,结果表明,该病例为高致病性禽流感疑似疫情,后经国家禽流感参考实验室确诊为H5NI型高致病性禽流感,这是新疆首次发现鹅高致病性禽流感。  相似文献   

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鸭接种高致病力禽流感病毒A/duck/Guangdong/220/2004(H5N1)后,血清中的丙氨酸氨基转移酶(谷丙转氨酶)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(谷草转氨酶)、γ-谷氨酰基转移酶、肌酸激酶和乳酸脱氢酶明显升高;碱性磷酸酶明显下降;α-淀粉酶先升高后下降;总蛋白、球蛋白、尿素氮、胆固醇、钙和磷轻微升高;白蛋白、肌酐、葡萄糖、甘油三酯和尿酸轻微下降。作者认为,检查这些血液生化指标的变化,对于诊断禽流感具有一定意义。  相似文献   

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鸭肌肉接种禽流感病毒A/duck/Guangdong/185/2004(H5N1)和A/duck/Guangdong/221/2004(H5N1)后,血清中的丙氨酸氨基转移酶、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶、碱性磷酸酶、总蛋白、肌酐、总胆固醇、钙和磷明显升高;葡萄糖和甘油三酯明显降低;白蛋白表现为先下降后升高的变化趋势。作者认为,检测这些血液生化指标对于诊断禽流感具有一定的参考价值。  相似文献   

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During 1993, outbreaks of Newcastle disease occurred on many farms in Tamilnadu, India. Six Newcastle disease virus (NDV) isolates were obtained from the chickens on five different farms and from the birds on one duck farm during outbreaks of the disease. All the isolates were characterized as velogenic, based on the mean death time, intravenous pathogenicity index, intracerebral pathogenicity index (ICPI), stability of haemagglutinin at 56°C, agglutination of equine erythrocytes, haemagglutination elution pattern and adsorption of haemagglutinin by chick brain cells. The isolate obtained from ducks resembled a group D strain, based on its ICPI and its reaction with a panel of monoclonal antibodies. The other five NDV isolates obtained from chickens were placed in groups B(1), C1(2) and D(2) on the basis of their binding patterns with the panel of monoclonal antibodies. In challenge experiments, it was found that LaSota vaccine provided 100% protection against each of these field isolates and against a local NDV strain obtained from the Institute of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Tamilnadu, India, while unvaccinated chickens succumbed to challenge. The possible origin of epizootic viruses causing outbreaks in vaccinated flocks is discussed.  相似文献   

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This retrospective study assessed the diagnoses of emergency presentations and the survival to discharge of backyard chickens in five veterinary clinics within Australia. A total of 333 cases were reviewed from September 2019 to March 2022. October to December was the busiest period in both 2021 and 2020, with cases steadily increasing in the warmer months. Discharge following emergency presentation occurred in 57.4% of reviewed cases. Female chickens represented 92.7% of total cases, with an average age at presentation of 2.2 years (ranging from 1 day to 10 years). The most frequent diagnoses were of reproductive disease (n = 94/333), open diagnosis (n = 55/333), respiratory disease (n = 42/333), predator attack (n = 28/333), musculoskeletal disease (n = 22/333) and parasitism (n = 22/333).  相似文献   

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Avian infectious bronchitis (AIB) is an economically important disease of chickens. Recent studies have revealed enterotropism by at least one strain of AIB virus with pathological lesions in parts of the gut. This review highlights the findings of the studies so far made on this enterotropic strain of AIB virus.  相似文献   

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我国白羽肉用型鸡群中CAV、REV和REOV感染状况的血清学调查   总被引:17,自引:1,他引:17  
为了解鸡传染性贫血病毒(CAV)、禽网状内皮增生病病毒(REV)和呼肠孤病毒(REOV)在我国白羽肉用型鸡中的感染状态,在2003—2004年,检测了来自5省市8个公司不同年龄鸡群血清样品中3种病毒抗体的存在状况。结果表明,在送检的75个鸡群中,对CAV、REV和REOV呈现抗体阳性的鸡群分别有64个(85.3%)、36个(48%)和74个(96%)。在总共检测的1764份血清样品中,对这3种病毒的平均抗体阳性率分别为51.4%、9.8%和75.1%。在1日龄雏鸡,对CAV和REOV的平均母源抗体阳性率可达100%和81.1%,但对REV只有7.4%。抗体阳性率随年龄变化的动态分析表明,对REV和REOV的母源抗体在出壳后2~3周内消失,而对CAV的母源抗体则可持续3~4周。对CAV和REOV的抗体从5周龄起再次出现,到20周龄时,所有送检鸡群全部阳性,平均阳性率在90%以上。有近一半送检鸡群对REV呈现抗体阳性,抗体阳性率普遍较低,即使在达到开产年龄后,仍还有很高比例鸡为抗体阴性,即对REV仍为易感鸡。研究表明,我国多数鸡群中都同时存在着这3种病毒的感染,但它们在感染的程度和动态等流行病学特点上显著不同,应根据鸡群中抗体的阳性率分别采取不同的措施。  相似文献   

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