家蚕的一种微孢子虫对小菜蛾的致病力测定

测定了从家蚕体内分离的一种微孢子虫Vairimorpha sp.对小菜蛾的致病力。室内试验结果表明,当起始侵染期为小菜蛾2龄幼虫,浓度为1×10~6孢子/ml时对当代小菜蛾的致病力最高,幼虫的死亡率可达80.00％～82.67％,蛹死亡率可达50.00％～52.94％,而小菜蛾雌成虫的产卵量由对照的249.64～278.38粒/雌下降到120.56～126.72粒/雌,产卵量下降50％左右;当起始侵染期为3龄幼虫,浓度为1×10~6孢子/ml时,当代幼虫的死亡率只有40.00％～61.33％,与起始侵染期为2龄时相差很大,蛹死亡率和成虫每雌产卵量下降率与起始侵染期为2龄时差异不大。另外,家蚕微孢子虫还可通过垂直传染方式影响下代小菜蛾幼虫的死亡率。     

微孢子虫饵剂的不同配方对新疆草原蝗虫的防治效果

在新疆用微孢子虫对３种草原蝗虫进行室内感病性试验，结果不同种蝗虫的感率差异很大，经胫戟纹蝗的感病率高达８３．５％，而意大利蝗和西伯利蝗仅分别为３４．５％和１７．７％。用飞机在草原喷洒，微孢子虫饵剂每１００克加５０％马拉硫磷４ｍｌ和１０ｍｌ，对意大利蝗和红胫戟纹蝗虫口减退率可增加到７６．７％和７６．０％，明显高于单用微孢子虫饵剂的杀虫效果。作者认为在一般蝗虫发生年份，单用微孢子虫饵剂可压低虫口到防治     

微孢子虫饵剂的不同配方对新疆草原蝗虫的防治效果

在新疆用微孢子虫对３种草原蝗虫进行室内感病性试验，结果不同种蝗虫的感病率差异很大，红胫戟纹蝗的感病率高达８３．５％，而意大利蝗和西伯利亚蝗仅分别为３４．５％和１７．７％。用飞机在草原喷洒，微孢子虫饵剂每１００克加５０％马拉硫磷４ｍｌ和１０ｍｌ，对意大利蝗和红胫戟纹蝗虫口减退率可增加到７６．７％和７６．０％，明显高于单用微孢子虫饵剂的杀虫效果。作者认为在一般蝗虫发生年份，单用微孢子虫饵剂可压低虫口到防治指标（１０头／ｍ２）以下，蝗虫发生量大的年份，采用加微量农药的微孢子虫饵剂，既可提高防效，也可比单用农药减少对环境的副作用     

国外微孢子虫治蝗兴衰概况

简要综述了国外用微孢子治蝗的历史经验、现状和今后展望。     

影响微孢子虫对棉铃虫幼虫致病力的因子

1997年田间调查时，发现一种寄生于棉铃虫的微孢子虫，对棉铃虫具有很强的致病力。为明确环境因子对该微孢子虫及其致病力的影响，测定了温度与紫外线对该微孢子虫及其杀虫效果的影响。结果表明，该微孢子虫孢子耐受温度范围较宽，最高温度上限为55℃。温度对其致病力有显著影响，在一定温度范围内，随着生境温度的升高，微孢子虫对棉铃虫幼虫致病力增强。该微孢子虫对紫外线较敏感，在紫外线照射下易失活而丧失致病力。     

微孢子虫防治农业害虫研究进展

微孢子虫是一种重要的昆虫病原原生动物,作为一种生物杀虫剂,它对环境安全,能垂直传递,可持续控制害虫。本文介绍了昆虫微孢子虫的分类、致病机理、传播途径、大量增殖及其防治农业害虫的应用研究进展。     

微孢子虫的生物学特性及其应用

微孢子虫的生物学特性及其应用陈建业，宁玉霞（河南省许昌林科所，许昌４６１０００）宁玉亭（许昌市森防站）人们一般把属于微孢子虫门（Ｍｉｃｒｏｓｐｏｒａ）微孢子虫纲（Ｍｉｃｒｏｓｐｏｒｅａ）的原生动物（Ｐｒｏｔｏｚｏａ）称为微孢子虫类（Ｍｉｃｒｏｓｐｏｒ...     

草地贪夜蛾病原微孢子虫的鉴定及其致病力分析

为明确从田间采集草地贪夜蛾 Spodoptera frugiperda幼虫体内发现的一种微孢子虫的分类地位和致病性,利用传统形态学观察和分子生物学技术对该微孢子虫进行鉴定,同时采用室内生物活性测定法对其致病性进行分析。结果显示,该微孢子虫的形态学特征与家蚕微孢子虫 Nosemabombycis相近,具有典型微孢子虫超微组成结构,孢子壁厚度为195.00~205.15 nm,极丝盘旋于孢子后极内侧10~12圈;其基因组的基因间隔区（intergenic spacer, ITS）和小亚基核糖体RNA（smallsubunit ribosomal RNA, SSU）序列与已报道的家蚕微孢子虫相关序列的相似度分别达94.34%和99.50%,系统发育树显示该微孢子虫属于微孢子虫属 Nosema,与家蚕微孢子虫亲缘关系最近。该微孢子虫侵染草地贪夜蛾1龄和2龄幼虫5 d时的LC50分别为2.51×10⁷孢子/mL和2.48×10⁷孢子/mL;侵染3龄幼虫10 d时的LC₅₀为3.79×10⁷孢子/mL;侵染4龄幼虫15 d时的LC50为3.98×10⁷孢子/mL;且当微孢子虫浓度为1.0×10⁸孢子/mL时,草地贪夜蛾1至4龄幼虫的LT₅₀分别为3.04、 3.86、 7.47和10.43 d。表明该微孢子虫隶属微孢子虫属,对草地贪夜蛾不同龄期幼虫均有较强的致病力,具有良好的开发应用潜力。     

应用昆虫病原线虫防治小菜蛾的研究

小菜蛾Ｐｌｕｔｅｌｌａ ｘｙｌｏｓｔｅｌｌａ,ＤＢＭ是十字花科的重要害虫。本文应用昆虫病原线虫斯氏线虫的六个种和异小杆线虫的一个种对小菜蛾四龄幼虫进行室内测定,筛选出斯氏线虫Ｓｔｅｉｎｅｒｎｅｍａ ｃａｒｐｏｃａｐｓａｅ Ａ２４和异小杆线虫Ｈｅｔｅｒｏｒｈａｂｄｉｔｉｓ ｂａｃｔｅｒｉｏｐｈｏｒａ ８４０６为防治小菜蛾的较理想线虫种,田间小区试验也主宰了这点。     

一种诊断昆虫微孢子虫病的简易方法

介绍一种利用鉴别寄主感染组织形态特征的变异来诊断昆虫微孢子虫病,鉴别微孢子虫种的方法。     

小菜蛾病原微生物研究进展

从细菌、病毒、真菌、原生动物和线虫等方面综述了小菜蛾病原微生物研究和应用的最新进展。     

Problems of control of insecticide-resistant Plutella xylostella

In the different regions of SE Asia, resistance problems in the diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella, are comparable, and depend on the type of insecticide used to control this pest. Resistance is especially high to insecticides metabolised by mfos (multifunctional oxidases), but since the detoxification of each such insecticide depends on different mfo(s), there is little cross-resistance between insecticides. Thus, carbaryl, carbofuran and the synthetic pyrethroids, all detoxified by mfos, show little cross-resistance. Resistance to cartap and some organophosphorus insecticides is much lower, and is often unstable. Those compounds are therefore essential in the rational control of DBM. The cross-resistance relationships within the traditional insecticides have mostly been worked out. It is thus possible to use alternate spraying schedules with insecticides conferring minimum cross-resistance potential. Alternating insecticides is better than using mixtures, because DBM can develop multiple resistance through treatment with mixtures. DBM has now developed resistance to the newly-introduced IGRs and other experimental control agents. Possible resistance to these as well as to future DBM control agents has been examined, and their resistance-inducing ability and cross-resistance characteristics examined. Experience in monitoring the spectrum together with the strength of resistance of field populations of DBM suggest that control can only be achieved by wellplanned rational chemical control programs.     

小菜蛾对阿维菌素的抗性遗传分析及交互抗性研究

利用室内选育的抗阿维菌素小菜蛾品系和敏感品系分析了小菜蛾对阿维菌素的抗性遗传。结果表明,小菜蛾对阿维菌素的抗性为常染色体、不完全隐性遗传,而且可能是由多基因控制的抗性遗传。阿维菌素抗性品系对4 种杀虫剂的抗性谱测定结果表明,对马拉硫磷、溴氰菊酯、灭多威和农梦特无交互抗性。     

性诱剂防治小菜蛾田间试验初报

利用昆虫性诱剂对虫情进行监测,结果表明,性诱剂诱到的成虫出现高峰期与田间虫情发生实际相符.通过系统的诱捕监测,摸清了小菜蛾在武鸣县的主要发生为害时期,为及时有效地防治小菜蛾提供准确的情报,可在测报上推广应用.     

Efficacy of Azadirachta excelsa vinegar against Plutella xylostella

The diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), is considered a major pest for crucifers in Malaysia. New control materials are constantly required as P. xylostella population develops resistance to most of the insecticides used against them. In this study, vinegar derived from Azadirachta excelsa (Jack) Jacobs was evaluated against the third-instar larvae of P. xylostella and an appropriate application dose required to control the pest was determined in the laboratory trial. Results indicated A. excelsa vinegar to be a useful control measure, significantly reducing P. xylostella leaf consumption and adult size of P. xylostella. Interestingly, mortality rate of larval, pupae and adult was significantly increased by the application of A. excelsa vinegar. An in-diet EC₅₀ of 80× against larvae was achieved, whilst obvious defects in adult moth were also recorded. The results indicate that A. excelsa vinegar exhibits potential to be used against P. xylostella.     

几种杀虫剂对小菜蛾的毒力测定

用浸叶法测定了9种杀虫剂对小菜蛾的毒力。结果表明,阿维菌素、锐劲特和菜喜对小菜蛾具有很高的生物活性。而氯氰菊酯和杀虫双对小菜蛾的毒力较低。     

蠋蝽对小菜蛾幼虫的捕食作用

本试验在室内研究了蠋蝽3～5龄若虫及成虫对小菜蛾幼虫的捕食能力,采用HollingⅡ功能反应模型和Hassell模型,以明确蠋蝽对小菜蛾的捕食潜能以及蠋蝽自身密度对小菜蛾捕食作用的影响。结果表明,蠋蝽3～5龄若虫及成虫对小菜蛾幼虫的捕食模型均符合HollingⅡ模型;蠋蝽3～5龄若虫和成虫瞬时攻击率由大到小依次为1.461(3龄若虫)1.322(4龄若虫)1.086(5龄若虫)0.803(雌成虫)0.734(雄成虫);蠋蝽5龄若虫的日最大捕食量最高,为83.33头。随着小菜蛾幼虫密度增大,蠋蝽的搜寻效应逐渐降低,5龄若虫的搜寻效应明显大于其他虫态。蠋蝽3～5龄若虫及成虫自身密度对其捕食作用的干扰效应明显,其中蠋蝽3龄若虫的竞争参数最大,为0.862。本研究表明蠋蝽对小菜蛾具有较好的捕食潜力,尤其是蠋蝽5龄若虫。     

丙溴磷·高效氯氰菊酯混配制剂对小菜蛾幼虫室内毒力测定

采用Potter喷雾塔喷雾法测定丙溴磷与高效氯氰菊酯不同配比对小菜蛾的室内毒力,用孙云沛的共毒系数法评价了2种药剂的联合作用。结果表明,丙溴磷与高效氯氰菊酯制成的含量为42％丙溴磷·2％高氯(混配1)与40％丙溴磷·4％高氯(混配2)混剂在处理后24h和48h,表现出显著的增效作用。     

小菜蛾对金腰箭挥发油的触角电位反应及趋性

采用触角电位仪测定了小菜蛾对金腰箭挥发油的触角电位反应。结果表明,小菜蛾成虫对金腰箭挥发油的触角电位反应强度与挥发油剂量成正比。四臂嗅觉仪试验进一步表明,金腰箭挥发油对小菜蛾成虫起到驱避作用。