奶牛卵泡囊肿的病因及诊疗

奶牛不孕症是奶牛的重要疾病,发病率很高,给奶牛养殖业带来巨大损失。发病率25．0％～43．2％不等,有的牛场甚至高达80％。卵泡囊肿是引起奶牛不孕的重要因素。多发生在第4-6胎奶牛的产奶高峰期,无规律性且常伴发子宫内膜炎。     

奶牛卵泡囊肿病的诊疗

卵泡囊肿为卵泡上皮细胞变性,卵泡壁增生,卵细胞死亡,使卵泡发育中断,而卵泡液未被吸收或增生所形成。介绍了奶牛卵泡囊肿的发病原因、临床症状及治疗方法。     

奶牛卵泡囊肿病的诊疗

卵泡囊肿为卵泡上皮细胞变性,卵泡壁增生,卵细胞死亡,使卵泡发育中断,而卵泡液未被吸收或增生所形成。介绍了奶牛卵泡囊肿的发病原因、临床症状及治疗方法。     

奶牛卵泡囊肿的诊治

随着现代养牛业的不断发展,越来越多的养殖户盲目追求产奶量,而不注重饲养管理条件上的改善,导致奶牛卵泡囊肿的发病率比过去有所增加。卵泡囊肿主要是由于未排卵的卵泡上皮变性,卵泡壁结蒂组织增生、变厚,卵细胞死亡,卵泡液不被吸收或增多而形成卵泡增大。卵巢囊肿是引起奶牛不孕的主要疾病之一,淘汰率很高。卵泡囊肿的治疗方法很多,现将本所对奶牛卵泡囊肿的诊治经验总结如下。     

绒毛膜促性腺激素治疗奶牛卵泡囊肿

卵泡囊肿是奶牛不孕症常见的疾病，主要是由于卵泡上皮发生变性，卵细胞死亡，卵泡液增多未被吸收与排出，而形成大的囊泡。通过临床治疗实践认为，绒毛膜促性腺激素治疗该病效果较好。     

中西结合治疗奶牛卵泡囊肿

笔者从事奶牛冻精冷配、兽医临床工作多年，据临床统计资料表明，奶牛不孕症中，发情周期正常却屡配不孕，一般为子宫隐性炎症性疾病，约占该病的65％～70％；而发情周期不正常、不发情或异常发情则多为卵巢疾病，约占35％～55％，卵泡囊肿大约占75％，黄体囊肿占25％，治疗较为困难。近年来，笔者采用中西医结合治疗特大卵泡囊肿8例，其中7例怀胎顺利产犊，一例因管理不善流产，获得较为满意的治疗效果。     

奶牛不孕症的病因及疗效分析

5年来,笔者对钟山区奶牛养殖情况作了全面调查,反映出很多问题,尤其是奶牛疾病严重、繁殖率低、不孕症,给养殖户带来了很大的经济损失。钟山区饲养奶牛时间短,奶农饲养技术低,因不孕症淘汰的奶牛达23%。为了解决奶牛在繁殖上的问题,推动奶牛业的发展,笔者对5年来奶牛不孕症及治疗效果的情况     

奶牛卵泡囊肿研究动态

卵泡囊肿是奶牛的主要繁殖障碍疾病之一。奶牛卵泡囊肿则是未排卵的成熟卵泡,直径达到20mm或更大,持续存在10d以上。主要原因是排卵前下丘脑对17β-雌二醇的刺激不敏感,下丘脑不能释放更多的促性腺激素释放激素(GnRH),从而腺垂体不能分泌足够的促黄体激素(LH),结果成熟卵泡不能排卵,持续生长而形成囊肿。并且囊肿卵泡比正常卵泡合成和分泌雌二醇和孕酮的能力高。作者主要对卵泡囊肿的动态特征、发病机理和内分泌表现作一综述,为该病的进一步研究提供重要的参考。     

奶牛不孕症病因及防治

奶牛不孕症是指母牛在生理缺陷情况下或受到某些致病原侵袭,导致生殖系统功能障碍、持久不发情或屡次配种不能正常受孕,该病是导致奶牛养殖效益下降的重要疾病之一。临床上引起奶牛不孕症的致病原因多种多样,治疗方法也各异。在对不孕症奶牛治疗时一定要在明确致病原因的基础上,采用对症方法进行治疗,提高治疗效果。该文分析了奶牛不孕症的发病原因、临床症状、防治措施等。     

奶牛卵泡囊肿的治疗

卵泡囊肿是由于激素分泌紊乱引起不孕的奶牛常见病。我们在近年的临床实践中对12例患牛采用三种不同的方法进行治疗,产生了不同的效果,现将治疗经过作一介绍。     

Follicular cysts in dairy cows

Follicular cysts are the most critical reproductive disorder in dairy cows and disturb the normal ovarian cycle, resulting in a prolonged interval from calving to conception. Therefore, this condition causes significant economic losses to the dairy industry. Two direct causal factors for cysts are suggested in this review; ovulation disorder and the delay of regression. Ovulation disorder has been accepted to be a main etiology of cystic follicle. This seems to be caused by the deficiency of positive feedback of estrogen to the hypothalamus, leading to the lack of luteinizing hormone surge. On the other hand, if a large anovulatory follicle is regressed immediately after the failure of ovulation, its follicle does not continue to grow, resulting in no cystic follicle being formed. Therefore, it is proposed that another cause of a cystic follicle is the delay (or absence) of the degeneration system of the follicle. This review will introduce these two causes separately, referring to recent advances in understanding the follicular cyst in dairy cows.     

奶牛热应激研究进展

奶牛热应激是奶牛对不利于生理活动的高温环境产生的一种非特异性应答反应,也是影响奶牛夏季生产与繁殖的一种重要应激性的疾病。国内外学者对此病进行过广泛的研究,文章综述了奶牛热应激的发病原因、生理机制、诊断及综合防治措施等,为进一步研究提供参考。     

奶牛皱胃变位病因及发病机制研究进展

奶牛皱胃变位是指皱胃的正常解剖位置发生改变,导致消化机能障碍的内科疾病。此病多发于高产奶牛,造成了巨大的经济损失。论文通过对遗传、品种、胎次及生产水平、发病时期、营养和新陈代谢及环境等来综述奶牛皱胃变位的病因,从皱胃弛缓学说和机械因素学说两方面综述其发病机制研究进展,为该病的有效预防和控制提供理论基础。     

围产期奶牛NEFA的营养调控研究进展

非酯化脂肪酸（NEFA）升高是围产期奶牛能量负平衡的标志，也是导致奶牛发生脂肪肝和酮病的直接原因。在过去的30余年里人们对围产期奶牛NEFA营养调控的方法和机制进行了大量研究，文章就该方面的研究进展作一综述。     

奶牛激素相关的乳腺MicroRNA研究进展

MicroRNA(miRNA)是一种非编码RNA,在调节细胞增殖、分化和凋亡的过程中起重要作用.研究表明,激素通过单独或相互作用完成对奶牛乳腺发育和泌乳进程的调控.本文从激素对奶牛乳腺miRNA表达谱影响及miRNA通过激素受体及其下游通路调控乳腺功能2个方面,综述了激素与相关miRNA的研究现状,以期助力于乳腺生物学...     

荷斯坦奶牛的三阶段饲养试验

针对奶牛的生长发育特点,将围产期与产奶牛细分为3个阶段,即围产前期(产前21d到分娩)、围产后期(分娩到产后21d)、产奶期(产后21d到产奶结束),并根据3个阶段的生长发育特点和营养需求建立饲养管理程序。试验结果表明,干奶期和围产期饲养程序可以降低胎衣不下、产褥热、酮病和子宫炎的发病率(P<0.05),试验组产奶量比对照组高出6.08kg,差异显著(P<0.05),2组的乳成分没有显著变化(P>0.05)。     

Histological Characteristics and Steroid Concentration of Ovarian Follicles at Different Stages of Development in Pregnant and Non-pregnant Dairy Cows

The aim of the study was to investigate the histological characteristics and steroid concentrations in follicular fluid of different populations of follicles at different stages of development, during pregnancy and the oestrous cycle in cows. Follicles from ovaries collected at a slaughterhouse were allocated into three size categories (small, 2–5.9 mm; medium, 6–13.9 mm; and large, 14–20 mm) in pregnant and non-pregnant cows. Slices were stained with HE and PAS for histological analysis. Follicular fluid was pooled according to size and pregnancy status and estradiol, testosterone and progesterone concentrations in follicular fluid were determined by RIA. Characteristics of healthy follicles did not differ, regardless of follicle size or pregnancy status. Total histological atresia was significantly higher in pregnant cows than in non-pregnant cows (p < 0.05). Estradiol increased and testosterone decreased significantly, while follicles increased in size, in both non-pregnant and pregnant cows (p < 0.05). Nonpregnant cows had the highest estradiol values in follicles of all sizes. Medium and large follicles from pregnant cows showed the lowest testosterone concentration (p < 0.05). Progesterone levels increased with follicle size only in non-pregnant animals. In large follicles, progesterone concentration was significantly higher in non-pregnant cows than in pregnant cows (p < 0.05). Considering steroid concentration and histological findings, most large follicles might be atretic during pregnancy in cattle.     

Ovarian Follicular Dynamics of five-eighths Girolando Cows

The objective of this study was to examine the follicular dynamics of five-eighths Girolando cows by observing the number of follicular development waves, days of emergence of those waves, diameters of the dominant and largest subordinate follicles and the processes of follicular selection and dominance. Ovarian follicle dynamics were monitored for 24 oestrous cycles in 12 cows, of 4 to 10 years of age, presenting regular oestrous cycles and with body scores between 3 and 4. Ovaries were observed daily for two consecutive oestrous cycles and follicles were measured with ultrasonographic equipment. The dominant follicle was considered to be that which presented a diameter ≥ 10 mm for three consecutive days and on the day of wave emergence, when a group of follicles measuring 3–5 mm in diameter would appear. Of the 24 cycles monitored, 62.5% presented two waves of follicular development and 37.5% presented three waves. The cycles presenting two waves had an average duration of 20 days, with the emergence of the waves on days 1 and 9, whereas the cycles presenting three waves had an average duration of 22 days, with emergences on days 1, 10 and 16. For cycles with two waves, both the first and second dominant follicles reached an average size of 13.8 mm, with the first regressing on day 10 and the second ovulating around day 20. For cycles with three waves, the dominant follicles of the first and second waves reached maximum diameters of 11.8 and 12 mm, respectively, with the first regressing on day 11 and the second regressing on day 17. The third dominant follicle reached a maximum diameter of 12.4 mm on day 20, and ovulated on day 22. These results lead to the conclusion that the follicular dynamics of five-eighths Girolando cows are characterized by the presence of two to three waves of follicular growth.     

奶牛子宫内膜炎研究进展

子宫内膜炎是奶牛中一种常见的产科疾病,它可引起奶牛不孕,给奶牛养殖带来严重经济损失。引起奶牛子宫内膜炎的主要原因可概括为理化性和生物性二类,病原菌的侵入可通过上行性感染和下行性感染的途径造成子宫炎的发生,主要致病菌有葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、链球菌等。直肠检查和内窥镜检查仍是奶牛子宫内膜炎的常规的诊断方法,但仍有待于探索简便准确的新诊断方法。恢复子宫张力,促进子宫血液循环和炎性分泌物排出,抑制或消除子宫内感染病菌是子宫内膜炎的主要治疗原则,常用的治疗方法有冲洗子宫,全身疗法,抗生素和激素疗法以及中药治疗等。创建新的治疗和诊断方法,开发疗效好的药物将是提高奶牛子宫内膜炎诊疗水平的努力方向。     

二磷酸组织胺对奶牛血浆内毒素含量的影响

本文采用动物实验方法,给８头健康奶牛颈部皮下注射二磷酸组织胺,剂量为１５０μｇ／ｋｇ体重。于给药前、给药后２小时和１２小时分别采取血样,采用试验法测定血浆内毒素含量,结果表明,给药前血浆内毒素含量平均为０．３９Ｅｕ／ｍｌ,给药后２小时和１２小时分别为０．７１Ｅｕ／ｍｌ和０．８３Ｅｕ／ｍ;。与给药前相比,给药后１２小时,血浆内毒素含量极显著升高（Ｐ〈０．００５）。文章首次报道了组织胺对血浆内毒含量的