动物性食品中喹诺酮类药物残留检测技术研究进展

喹诺酮类药物是一类广谱高效的抗菌药物,目前广泛应用于畜禽、水产养殖中.喹诺酮类药物在动物性产品中的残留可直接对人体健康造成危害,低浓度的残留药物还可能诱导对喹诺酮类药物敏感的致病菌产生耐药性,间接危害人类健康.目前,用于动物源食品中喹诺酮类药物残留检测的方法,有微生物法、高效液相色谱法、液相色谱-质谱法、免疫分析法等.本文将国内外有关喹诺酮类药物残留的检测技术及研究进展做一简单综述.     

鳗鱼体内药物残留检测技术研究进展

中国鳗鱼养殖[以欧洲鳗鲡(Anguilla anguil-la)和日本鳗鲡(A.japonica)为主]总产量居世界第一,是目前世界最大的鳗鱼养殖生产国和鳗鱼产品原料供应国。因药物残留超标,鳗鱼出口连续几年受到出口国设置技术壁垒的打击,药物残留问题已逐渐成为鳗鱼养殖及加工业和相关部门关注的焦点。     

日本对我鳗鱼制品检测孔雀石绿

据中国土畜产商会鳗鱼分会提供的消息，日方政府自7月开始对来自中国的鳗鱼产品强制检测孔雀石绿。     

水产喹诺酮类药物使用与检测方法研究进展

简述了喹诺酮类药物及其使用现状;介绍了喹诺酮类药物残留检测的前处理方法和检测方法,主要包括酶联免疫吸附分析法、胶体金免疫层析法、高效液相色谱法、液相色谱-串联质谱法、化学发光免疫分析法等。指出,在水产喹诺酮类药物残留检测中,固相萃取法和QuEChERS萃取法用于样品前处理,成本低、效率高;在未来很长一段时间内,高效液相色谱法仍将是检测喹诺酮类药物残留使用最广泛的方法。     

放射免疫法检测鳗鱼中磺胺类药物残留

主要探讨应用放射免疫分析方法检测鳗鱼中磺胺类药物残留。确定制样和控制点设定的方法,评价了免疫反应体系的灵敏度和特异性,验证了磺胺类最大残留限量50μg/kg的检测稳定性,90m in可出检测结果。     

广州市番禺区淡水养殖水产品中氟喹诺酮类药物残留现状分析及对策

为了解广州市番禺区淡水养殖水产品中氟喹诺酮类抗生素的残留量,并对存在的风险点进行预警。利用高效液相色谱-串联质谱法对鱼肉中的7种氟喹诺酮类(诺氟沙星、培氟沙星、洛美沙星、氟罗沙星、氧氟沙星、环丙沙星、恩诺沙星)残留量进行测定。结果表明,2022年共抽检191个养殖户的315批次水产品,共检出61个养殖户共75批次水产品氟喹诺酮类药物残留,未检出超过限量标准的样品。养殖户的检出占比为31.94%,水产品总体检出率为23.81%;主要检出恩诺沙星75批次、环丙沙星16批次,其他氟喹诺酮类未检出。结论:广州市番禺区淡水养殖水产品氟喹诺酮类药物残留主要为恩诺沙星和环丙沙星,残留情况较普遍,应加强对这两类药物的监测。     

鳗鱼的疾病防治

我国的养鳗业是外向型产业,产品主要出口日本、韩国、欧美等地。自从加入WTO以来,进口国对水产品的药物残留和有害物质的检测要求越来越高,这就对我们的鳗鱼养殖技术,特别是病害防治技术提出了更高的要求。     

鳗鱼药物残留的控制体系

我国是世界上最大的鳗鱼养殖国家,鳗鱼曾经是我国最大宗出口水产品。目前,我国已建立了较为健全的鳗鱼药物残留控制体系,为鳗鱼产品的质量安全提供了有力的保障。现将鳗鱼药物残留控制体系介绍如下,仅供业者参考。     

浅谈发光细菌快速检测畜产品中的兽药残留

兽药在畜产品中的应用愈发广泛,而兽药残留影响消费者身体健康,且不利于畜牧业发展。以发光细菌发光原理,通过测定磺胺类等兽药在不同质量浓度下的反应,判断出产品是否存在兽药残留情况,希望能够为国民提供安全、健康的畜产品。     

高效液相色谱法检测海水养殖环境中喹诺酮类药物残留

建立了一种养殖海水中诺氟沙星、环丙沙星和恩诺沙星3种喹诺酮类抗生素残留量的高效液相色谱-荧光测定方法。水样经稀盐酸调pH后经HLB固相萃取柱富集、净化,用外标法定量。结果表明,诺氟沙星、环丙沙星和恩诺沙星检出限分别是2、1和1μg/L,定量限分别是6.6、3.3和3.3μg/L,添加浓度为10、20和50μg/L时,3种物质的回收率为71.9%～85.3%,批内变异系数≤10%,批间变异系数≤7%。利用该方法对黄海沿岸部分养殖场及近岸海水(北起36°40.303′N,121°8.939′E;南至35°39.36′N,119°52.433′E)进行分析,诺氟沙星、环丙沙星、恩诺沙星的检出质量浓度分别为6.20～982、55.2和11.6～55.4μg/L。实验结果表明,该方法灵敏度高,重现性好,适用于养殖海水中诺氟沙星、环丙沙星和恩诺沙星的检测。     

A simple and rapid method for the analysis of fish histamine by paper electrophoresis

ABSTRACT:   The described analytical method for histamine determination in fish and seafood consists of sample extraction, adsorption onto a paper disc, application of the paper disc onto electrophoresis paper, electrophoresis for only 10 min, drying, and color developing by Pauly's reagent. Histamine can be satisfactorily detected and completely separated from histidine, carnosine and other Pauly reagent-positive compounds. This method does not require expensive instrumentation and any tedious pretreatment to eliminate potential interference by other imidazole compounds, such as histidine or carnosine. This method can be used to detect histamine in multiple fish and seafood samples simultaneously that contain as little as 15 p.p.m. histamine (1.5 mg/100 g).     

A simple, rapid method for gizzerosine analysis in fish meal by paper electrophoresis

We established a simple, rapid method for gizzerosine analysis in fish meal. Gizzerosine was extracted from fish meal with 0.1?N HCl solution. Samples and standard gizzerosine solutions were absorbed onto a paper disc, which was then set on electrophoresis paper for 18?min, and the paper was dried. Gizzerosine was visualized with Pauly??s reagent, and the intensity of the colored spots was digitized and calculated by image processing method software. We achieved successful separation of gizzerosine from other Pauly??s reagent-positive components in fish meal extracts. The linearity of gizzerosine estimation using this method was within the range 30?C1000?ng (R ²?=?0.99). Gizzerosine was satisfactorily detected and completely separated from histamine and other Pauly??s reagent-positive compounds. This method does not require expensive instruments or tedious pretreatment to eliminate interfering compounds, such as histamine or histidine. It also uses less reagent compared with high-performance liquid chromatography. Moreover, it is a simple, rapid, sensitive, and reproducible method. It is suitable for monitoring gizzerosine in fish meal products that contain as little as 10?ppm gizzerosine.     

鳗鲡肠道细菌对鱼粉降解和饲料消化率的影响

应用从养殖鳗鲡肠道分离的细菌菌株A40209CDC4和A31009NA,对鱼粉进行降解处理和作为饲料添加剂测定对鳗鲡饲料表观消化率的影响。对鱼粉分解试验结果表明:试验组各游离氨基酸含量、游离氨基酸总量、寡肽 游离氨基酸和水溶性蛋白质含量均较对照组有较大幅度的提高。对鳗鲡饲料表观消化率影响测定结果显示:A40209CDC4组干物质表观消化率和蛋白质表观消化率分别比对照组提高30.96%和10.04%;A31009NA组干物质表观消化率和蛋白质表观消化率分别比对照组提高42.96%和13.11%。2株试验菌株作为微生态饲料添加剂具有良好的开发和应用价值。     

渔业海水中铅的快速定量检测方法

以导电炭黑糊电极（CCBPE）为工作电极,建立了海水中重金属铅的阳极溶出伏安检测新方法.实验研究了支持电解质种类、pH、富集电位、富集时间、干扰物质等相关影响参数.结果表明,在最优条件下铅的检测限为0.1 μg/L.据之建立了海水中重金属铅的快速检测方法,并将其应用于青岛近海渔业海水样品中铅含量的检测.检测结果与原子吸收光谱法所测结果一致,表明这种操作简单、快速、免汞、低费用的检测模式具有潜在的应用价值.     

Lysis of pathogenic bacteria by epidermal cathepsins L and B in the Japanese eel

Cysteine proteases, cathepsins L and B, in Japanese eel epidermis are suspected bacteriolysins against aquatic pathogens. This work examines the lysis of three species of gram-negative pathogenic bacteria by the eel epidermal extract according to the assay method for cysteine proteases. The optimum pH for the lysis of the three species of bacteria were commonly determined to be 5.0, where both of eel epidermal cathepsins L and B caused active proteolysis. Four kinds of specific inhibitors for cysteine proteases strongly inhibited these catheptic proteolyses and bacteriolyses. The activities for the lysis of three types of bacteria were at a similar level, but the effects on the bacterium which infects predominantly eel skin largely varied with individual fish. These results suggest that epidermal cathepsins L and B are responsible for lysis of any pathogenic bacteria in the nonspecific defense of Japanese eel.     

A simple,rapid method for detecting seven common invasive fish species in Europe from environmental DNA

相似文献   

A rapid and inexpensive method to assay transport of short chain peptides across intestinal brush-border membrane vesicles from the European eel (Anguilla anguilla)

Membrane potential depolarization due to electrogenic peptide transport activity was examined in eel ( Anguilla anguilla ) intestinal brush-border membrane vesicles (BBMV) by monitoring the fluorescence quenching of the voltage-sensitive dye 3,3'-diethylthiadicarbocyanine iodide. Our experimental approach consisted of generating an internal negative membrane potential mimicking in vivo conditions and measuring membrane potential depolarization due to different extravesicular dipeptides. Peptide-dependent membrane potential depolarization was observed in both the presence and absence of extravesicular Na⁺ and was inhibited by diethylpyrocarbonate, which is consistent with the involvement of electrogenic, Na⁺-independent, H⁺-dependent peptide transport activity. Kinetic analysis indicated that peptide-dependent membrane potential depolarization is a saturable process ( K _m,app ∼ 1.5 mmol L⁻¹) and that within the 0.1–10 mmol L⁻¹ peptide range a single carrier system is involved in the transport process. Our results suggest that a peptide transport activity, kinetically resembling the PepT1(Slc15A1)-type-mediated H⁺/peptide cotransport action, can be monitored in eel intestinal BBMV using an easy and inexpensive fluorescence assay.     

Comparison of glass eel stages of American eel and speckled worm eel in a northeast Florida estuary

Since 2001, a glass American eel, Anguilla rostrata (Lesueur), survey has been conducted at Guana River Dam, Florida, USA. Although present in earlier samples, glass speckled worm eel, Myrophis punctatus Lütken, were not identified until a large proportion appeared in samples in 2006. To determine whether the species could be separated in historical samples, weight–length relationships were compared between the two species. Then, with data from the full survey period, relationships between catch rate and annual percent contribution of glass speckled worm eel were explored in relation to temperature, water flow and salinity. Glass speckled worm eel were found to weigh significantly less and had distinguishing physical characteristics that could be used for identification. Glass speckled worm eel constituted between 0 and 34% of the catch, with no detectable pattern in timing or abundance among years. In 2006 and 2012, which had the two largest catches of glass speckled worm eel, relationship between nightly catch rate and measured environmental variables was inconsistent, even when measured variables had a similar range in values. It is recommended that south‐eastern, including Gulf of Mexico, USA, states restrict harvest of glass American eel to prevent the incidental capture and exportation of glass speckled worm eel. Efforts should be made to ensure proper species identification in glass eel surveys.