Variation in Seed and Seedling Traits of Celtis australis, a Multipurpose Tree, in Central Himalaya, India

Seeds of Celtis australis were collected from 13 different sources, ranging from 550 to 1980 masl, in Central Himalaya, India. Significant (p = 0.05) variations were observed for seed traits among provenances. However, among various characters, seed weight exhibited maximum variation between seed populations compared to other morphological characters. Between provenances, seed weight ranged from 47.8 to 83.1 g/1000 seed, with mean value of 66.9 ± 10.7 g/1000 seed. Significant (p = 0.01) positive correlation was found between morphological characters of seeds including seed weight and elevational range of seed source. For one year old seedlings, average shoot and root growth was 61.1 ± 13.3 and 30.5 ± 5.4 cm, respectively, irrespective of provenance variation. Inter-comparing biomass yield of the seedlings with altitude, average biomass production was 8.4 ± 2.5, 9.4 ± 3.3 and 12.7 ± 1.7 g/plant, respectively, for low (550–1000 masl), middle (1050–1250 masl) and high (1350–1980 masl) altitudinal populations. Significant (p = 0.01) positive correlation between growth performance of seedlings and altitude of the seed source was recorded. Across the provenances, shoots had the highest proportion of total biomass (42.3%), followed by leaves (32.6%) and roots (24.6%). Among various provenances, Badiyargaon, Agroda, Guptakashi, Jakholi, Gajeli, Srinagar and Palampur populations produced heavier seedlings and grew faster compared to seedlings of other sources.     

贮藏温度对川滇桤木种子发芽能力的影响

3种不同贮藏温度下川滇桤木种子发芽试验的结果表明:川滇桤木种子采收后冷藏(4±1℃)贮藏是最适宜的贮藏方法,对种子发芽能力的影响最小;冷冻(- 18±1℃)贮藏的种子发芽率与冷藏的种子没有显著差异,但发芽势随着贮藏时间的推移与冷藏的种子存在显著差异;常温贮藏下的种子发芽率与冷藏的种子差异显著,发芽势和高峰值差异极显著。用冷藏和冷冻的方法贮藏种子可以较好的保持其发芽率,但贮藏时间过长种子会出现一定程度的腐坏霉变。     

不同种子处理方法对铁刀木种子萌发的影响

铁刀木是一种多用途树种,广泛分布于东南亚国家和中国的云南、广东、广西和福建等地.种子种皮透水性差,必须经过适当处理提高种皮透性才能萌发.本文对铁刀木种子自然储藏特性与种子萌发方法进行试验,结果表明:铁刀木新鲜种子的发芽率可达95%以上,随着储藏时间的增加,其发芽率逐渐降低,储存3个月后,种子发芽率迅速降低,其发芽率只有75%,储存9个月后种子发芽率只有30%左右.在有光条件下的发芽率和发芽势明显高于不需光条件处理,萌发天敷比不需光条件下的萌发天数缩短了38.6d.采用破伤种皮、用80℃温水浸泡2,0min和80%硫酸浸泡种子15min处理对铁刀木种子萌发均有促进作用,与对照相比,发芽势明显提高,萌发天数明显缩短.特别是80%硫酸浸泡和破伤种皮在缩短萌发天教更为明显,比对照缩短了120d以上.由于破伤种皮比较费时费力,因此,在进行铁刀木种子育苗时,一般不宜采用.采用80%硫酸浸泡种子15min或80℃温水浸种30min,可有效提高种子萌发的整齐度和缩短发芽时间.     

自然脱水过程中七叶树种子生理特性的变化

于 2003 年研究了自然脱水过程中七叶树种子生理特性的变化。结果表明:七叶树种子对脱水高度敏感,为顽拗性种子。种子成熟采收时含水量高达 60.3%,种子在室温下自然干燥 30 天后,含水量下降到 30.2%,此时种子生活力完全丧失。在脱水初期,种子发芽率有所上升,但随后种子发芽率迅速降低。随着含水量的下降,种子浸出液相对电导率上升,但当含水量在 53.7% 到 50.9%之间时,种子浸出液相对电导率出现异常升高。同时种子超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性随脱水时间的延长而下降,只有种子含水量在 53.7% 到 50.9%之间时出现例外。丙二醛(MDA)含量在脱水初期缓慢上升,在含水量下降到低于 50.9%时,丙二醛(MDA)含量快速上升。可溶性糖含量随脱水时间的延长缓慢上升。当种子含水量为 47%–60%时,种子发芽率较高,说明这一含水量区间有利于种子生活力的保持。图 6 参 13。     

Seed germination of Albizia procera (Roxb.) Benth. in Bangladesh: a basis for seed source variation and pre-sowing treatment effect

An experiment in seed morphology and seed germination techniques of Albizia procera was carried out in the nursery of the Forestry and Wood Technology Discipline,Khulna University,Bangladesh in order to discover the source variation in seeds and pre-sowing treatment effects on seed germination.Mature seeds of A.procera were collected from healthy trees in home garden plantations from five different districts in Bangladesh and treated with four pre-sowing treatments,i.e.,control,immersion in cold water (4°C for 24 h)and immersion in hot water(80°C for 10 min and 100°C for 1 min).The average length,width and thickness of seeds were calculated as 0.502±0.485,0.420±0.060 and 0.191±0.118 cm,respectively.Germination was conducted in poly-bags with a mixture of topsoil and cow dung in a ratio of 3:1.The results revealed that pre-sowing treatments affected the rate of germination of seeds,which significantly increased the germination percentages of seeds in hot water treatments compared with those in control (60.60%)and the cold water treatment(4°C for 24 h,63.53%).The highest germination success was 82.07%in the treatment of immersion in hot water(80°C)for 10 min,followed by 79.00%in immersion in hot water(100°C)for 1 min.Germination started 4 to 6 days after seed sowing and completed in a period of 22 to 25 days in all treatments.ANOVAs showed statistically significant differences(p0.05)in seed germination starting dates,closing dates,germination percentages and rates of germination among treatments,but no significant differences in seed germination starting dates,closing dates,germination period,germination percentages and rates of germination among the seed sources.The study also revealed that the interaction between seed source variation and treatment effect significantly differed in seed germination starting dates,closing dates,germination percentages and rates of germination. The hot water(100°C for 1 min)treatment is recommended for seed germination of A.procera in rural Bangladesh.