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WANG Zhen-yu GAO Xiao-guang ZHANG Ji-hong ZHANG De-quan MA Chang-wei 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2013,(11):1993-2001
Fatty acid composition of neutral lipids(NLs),phospholipids(PLs)and free fatty acids(FFAs) from intramuscular fat(IMF),lipid oxidation and lipase activity in muscle Semimembranosus(SM) and msucle Biceps femoris(BF) of dry-cured Xuanwei ham during the 90-d salting stages were analysed.The salt content increased from 0.34 to 3.52%in BF and from 0.10 to 5.42%in SM during the 90 d salting stage,respectively.PLs of IMF in both BF and SM decreased 54.70%(P<0.001) and 34.64%(P<0.05),furthermore,the saturated fatty acids(SFA),monounsaturated fatty acids(MUFA)and polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA) of PLs in both muscles were hydrolysed almost isochronously.FFAs were increased from 0.46 g 100 g-1lipids to 2.92g 100 g-1lipids in BF at the end of salting,which was lower than SM(from 1.29 g 100 g-1lipids to 9.70 g 100 g-1lipids).The activities of acid lipase,neutral lipase and acid phospholipase all remained active in the 90 d.The thiobarbituric acid reactive substances(TBARS) was slowly increased to 1.34 mg kg-1muscle in BF and to 2.44 mg kg-1muscle in SM during the salting stage.In conclusion,the controlled salting process prompted the hydrolysis of PLs of IMF notably and increased the lipid oxidation of muscles within some limits. 相似文献
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为了研究如皋火腿中的酯类物质。选取7条4.5~5.0 kg如皋火腿为试材,用常规方法测定其理化指标(水分、盐分和pH值),通过气相色谱测定从提取脂质中分离的游离脂肪酸含量,并测定其共轭二烯值与羰基值。在如皋火腿股二头肌和皮下脂肪中含盐量为11.60%和1.07%,水分为40.21%和3.65%,pH值为5.71和6.02,游离脂肪酸含量为49.65%和26.11%,除pH外均存在极显著差异。如皋火腿中含有丰富的游离脂肪酸,在皮下脂肪中油酸的含量最多,股二头肌中亚油酸的含量最多。火腿中存在少量的反式脂肪酸,皮下脂肪有反式的油酸,股二头肌中有反式油酸、亚油酸和亚麻酸。股二头肌的氧化明显高于皮下脂肪,可能与酶活力、氧化方式有关。 相似文献
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【目的】通过对不同填饲期肥肝鹅体内脂肪沉积、血脂成分和脂类代谢酶等指标的测定分析,探讨肥肝鹅脂肪代谢规律。【方法】选取同批孵化、相同饲养条件下育成的85日龄体重差异不显著(P>0.05)的肝用型公鹅200只进行填饲,填饲期30 d。从预试期结束起,分别于填饲0、6、12、18、24、30 d取血、屠宰1次;每次随机选取30只体重相近的试验鹅,每只为1个重复,以填饲0 d作为对照。分别测定肝重、皮脂重、腹脂重、肠脂重、皮脂率、腹脂率、肠脂率、血脂成分和脂类代谢相关指标。所有试验鹅填饲同一种饲粮,填饲量定量一致。将经过筛选的玉米粒倒入水锅内,煮沸5-10 min后,捞出沥干,趁热加入1%鹅油、0.3%的食盐并充分拌匀,冷却后作为填饲饲粮;采用双人机械填饲方法。试验鹅采用地面圈养填饲,分栏饲养。【结果】①腹脂重、皮脂重、肠脂重随着填饲时间的延长而增加,填饲12-18 d腹脂、皮脂、肠脂、肥肝脂肪沉积增重最快,填饲30 d时皮脂重>腹脂重>肠脂重;②除了填饲6 d皮脂率与肥肝重呈显著负相关(r=-0.869)外,不同填饲期肥肝鹅腹脂重、皮脂重、肠脂重、腹脂率、皮脂率、肠脂率与肝脏重均呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。③填饲显著改变游离脂肪酸(non-estesterified fatty acid,NEFA)和载脂蛋白A(apolipoprotein- A,Apo-A)的含量;在整个填饲过程中,载脂蛋白B(apolipoprotein- B,Apo-B)的含量随着填饲时间的延长有下降的趋势,但各填饲阶段之间差异均不显著(P>0.05);随着填饲时间的延长,甘油三酯(Triglyceride,TG)、总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high density lipoprotein-cholesterol,HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low density lipoprotein-cholesterol,LDL-C)和极低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(very low density lipoprotein-cholesterol,VLDL-C)的含量逐渐增加。④胆碱酯酶(cholinesterase,CHE)、脂肪酶(lipase,LPS)、脂蛋白脂酶(lipoprotein lipase,LPL)和肝脂酶(lipoprotein lipase,HL)和总脂酶(LPL+HL)活性最大值分别出现在填饲18-24 d,并呈先升高后降低趋势。【结论】填饲显著改变肥肝鹅的机体脂肪组成;填饲能够显著改变肥肝鹅血脂成分含量,肝重与机体脂肪沉积均呈极显著正相关(P<0.01);填饲12-24 d是机体脂肪代谢最旺盛的时期,沉积量最多,肥肝增重最快。 相似文献
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Myristic Acid (MA) Promotes Adipogenic Gene Expression and the Differentiation of Porcine Intramuscular Adipocyte Precursor Cells 下载免费PDF全文
LU Nai-sheng SHU Gang XIE Qiu-ping ZHU Xiao-tong GAO Ping ZHOU Gui-xuan WANG Songbo WANG Li-na XI Qian-yun ZHANG Yong-liang JIANG Qing-yan 《农业科学学报》2014,13(11):2488-2499
Intramuscular fat (IMF) content is considered to be a key factor that affects the marbling, tenderness, juiciness and flavor of pork. To investigate the effects of myristic acid (MA) on the differentiation of porcine intramuscular adipocytes, cells were isolated from longissimus dorsi muscle (LDM) and treated with 0, 10, 50 or 100 μmol L-1 MA. The results showed that MA significantly promotes the differentiation of intramuscular adipocytes in a dose-dependent manner. MA also led to a parallel increase in the expression of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) and adipose-related genes, such as glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), adipocyte fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4/aP2), fatty acid translocase (FAT), acetyl-CoA carboxylase α (ACCα), adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) and fatty acid synthase (FASN). However, no significant effects of MA were observed on the expression of CAAT enhancer binding protein-α (C/EBPα) or hormone sensitive lipase (HSL). The expression of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4) was increased by MA during the early stages of differentiation (day 1-3). In addition, MA also increased the absolute content of C14 (P<0.001) and saturated fatty acids (SFA) (P<0.05) to varying degrees, but no effects were observed on other fatty acids. These results suggest that MA might be able to enhance the IMF content of pork and increase the accumulation of myristic and myristoleic acid in muscle, which might have beneficial implications for human health. 相似文献
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【目的】本试验旨在研究哺乳期母猪蛋白限饲对子代血脂水平、肌内脂肪含量及H-FABP基因表达的影响。【方法】选取胎次、体重相近(180±5kg)、经同期纯种繁育的民猪及长白猪妊娠母猪12头(民猪和长白猪各6头)。将每个品种母猪随机分为2组,每组3个重复,每个重复1头母猪。供试母猪妊娠期营养水平相同,哺乳期对照组日粮蛋白水平为18%,限饲组蛋白水平为9%。在子代猪断奶(28d)和出栏(180d)时测定血清中血脂水平、背最长肌中肌内脂肪含量及心脏脂肪酸结合蛋白(H-FABP)基因相对表达量。【结果】母猪哺乳期蛋白限饲显著提高了长白猪子代28d时血清总胆固醇(CHO)含量(P0.05),对180d子代影响不显著;有提高长白猪子代28d及180d时血清甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL),降低高密度脂蛋白(HDL)含量的趋势,但差异不显著;民猪限饲组子代28d及180d时血清中CHO、TG和LDL含量高于对照组,HDL含量低于对照组,但差异均不显著。母猪哺乳期蛋白限饲显著提高了长白猪子代28d时肌内脂肪含量及H-FABP mRNA相对表达量(P0.05),对180d子代也有一定程度的提高,且有提高民猪子代28d和180d肌内脂肪含量及H-FABP mRNA相对表达量的趋势,但差异均不显著。【结论】母猪哺乳期蛋白限饲可对子代早期脂肪沉积产生不同程度的母体效应,但这种影响随着日龄的增加而减弱,存在补偿效应,且猪种间表现出一定的差异。 相似文献
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The efifciency of extracts from Arbutus unedo L. (AU), Crataegus monogyna L. (CM), Rosa canina L. (RC), and Rubus ulmifolius Schott. (RU) to inhibit lipid oxidation in raw, cooked and cooked and chilled (2°C/12 d) porcine burger patties, was investigated. The modiifcation of the fatty acid proifle during processing treatments (cooking and chilling), the quantitative measurements of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBA-RS), and lipid-derived volatiles, were used as indicators of lipid oxidation. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) gradually decreased during cooking and the subsequent storage of cooked burger patties with this decrease being signiifcantly greater (P〈0.05) in control patties than in those with added berry extracts. In accordance, the control patties showed signiifcantly higher TBA-RS numbers and counts of lipid-derived volatiles in all treatments when compared to the berry-added counterparts (P〈0.05). Results from the present work show, for the ifrst time, that extracts from A. unedo, C. monogyna, R. canina, and R. ulmifolius are promising antioxidants which could enhance the nutritional, safety and sensory properties of porcine burger patties. 相似文献
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母鸡限饲对子代脂肪沉积、相关酶活性及其基因表达的影响 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
【目的】本试验旨在研究母鸡采食量限饲对子代脂肪沉积、脂肪酸合成酶(fatty acid synthetase,FAS)活性及其基因表达的影响,探讨母体营养效应及子代后天的补偿作用。【方法】选择东北农业大学繁育的高、低脂系肉种母鸡各384羽,分别分为两个处理组。产蛋期,处理一饲喂正常日粮,处理二日采食量是处理一的75%。产蛋高峰期收集种蛋进行孵化。子代自由采食常规水平日粮。【结果】母鸡采食量限饲显著提高子代28日龄腿肌脂肪含量(P<0.05),56日龄时差异不显著(P>0.05);子代肝脏脂肪含量品系间存在差异,高脂系显著高于低脂系(P<0.05);品系与采食水平的互作对子代肝脏脂肪含量和28日龄胸肌脂肪含量影响显著(P<0.05);子代腹脂率品系间差异极显著(P<0.01)。56日龄时,子代肝脏FAS酶活性品系间差异显著(P<0.05),品系与饲喂水平的互作对肝脏FAS酶活性影响显著(P<0.05)。子代肝脏FAS mRNA表达丰度1日龄时品系间差异显著(P<0.05);28日龄时,品系与饲喂水平的互作对肝脏FAS mRNA的表达影响显著(P<0.05);母鸡采食量限饲显著提高了28日龄子代肝脏FAS mRNA的表达丰度(P<0.05);56日龄时差异不显著(P>0.05)。【结论】母鸡采食量限饲影响子代脂肪的沉积,且品系间表现出不同的趋势;56日龄时,肉仔鸡肝脏FAS酶活性品系间差异显著(P<0.05),且品系与饲喂水平的交互作用影响显著(P<0.05);肉仔鸡肝脏FAS mRNA的表达丰度受母体效应的影响,并且在其后生长过程中表现出补偿作用。 相似文献
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以n-3高度不饱和脂肪酸(n-3HUFA)含量(w)为1.12%、2.40%、3.70%、5.85%的4种配合饲料或冰鲜杂鱼喂养花尾胡椒鲷Plectorhynchus cinctus雌亲鱼1周年,研究饲料中n-3 HUFA含量对性腺、肌肉和肝胰脏等组织的脂质含量和脂肪酸构成的影响.结果显示,各组织中的脂质含量在各投喂组之间无显著差异(P〉0.05).然而,在1.12%、2.40%和3.70%(w)投喂组,其性腺和肌肉脂质中18:2n-6、二十碳五烯酸(EPA)、n-3多不饱和脂肪酸(n-3 PUFA)、n-3 HUFA的含量与饲料中相应脂肪酸的含量存在较明显的平行变化趋势;在性腺脂质中,1.12%、2.40%、5.85%(w)投喂组的二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)和1.12%(w)投喂组的n-3 PUFA、n-3 HUFA的含量都显著低于冰鲜杂鱼投喂组(P〈0.05);在1.12%、2.40%和3.70%(w)投喂组,上述3种组织中的n-3 PUFA、n-3 HUFA、DHA含量以及DHA/EPA比值都显著高于饲料中相应脂肪酸的含量和比值(P〈0.05).结果表明,花尾胡椒鲷组织中的脂肪酸构成受饲料中n-3 HUFA含量影响,受影响的顺序是性腺〉肌肉〉肝胰脏;组织对n-3 PUFA、特别是DHA具有较强的选择性保留作用,说明这些脂肪酸在性腺发育成熟中具有重要的生理作用. 相似文献
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选择经产、胎次相同和产奶量相近的荷斯坦奶牛40头,配对分组设计分为对照组和试验组,每组20头。对照组全程饲喂基础日粮,试验组饲喂基础日粮 瘤胃稳定性脂肪。结果:瘤胃稳定性脂肪对奶牛采食量无显著影响(P>0.05);试验组牛产奶量显著升高(P<0.05),乳脂率呈上升趋势(P>0.05),但乳蛋白率未见显著变化(P>0.05);试验组奶牛外周血白细胞总数和淋巴细胞数轻度上升(P>0.05),牛奶SCC呈下降趋势(P>0.05)。结果表明,补充瘤胃稳定性脂肪可提高产奶量,对于改善机体免疫机能有一定的作用。 相似文献
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喹乙醇对鲤鳃组织Na+、K+-ATP酶活性及血浆生化指标的影响 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
用含不同喹乙醇剂量的饲料饲喂健康鲤鱼种,研究饲料中不同喹乙醇剂量对鲤体成分含量、血浆生化指标以及鲤鳃组织.Na^ 、K^ -ATP酶活性的影响,探讨喹乙醇对鲤的生化毒性。试验分成6个喹乙醇处理组(0、200、400、800、1600、3200mg/kg),试验期60d。试验结束时分别从各组中采血、取全鱼样和鱼鳃样,进行不同指标测试。结果表明,喹乙醇使鱼体脂肪含量轻度上升,使灰分沉积量显著降低,并呈现剂量一反应关系。与对照组比较,在较高喹乙醇剂量下,谷草转氨酶(AST)、肌酸激酶(CK)活性降幅较大,血浆中葡萄糖(GLU)、胆固醇(CHO)、总胆红素(T-B)、直接胆红素(D-B)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、白蛋白(ALB)、K^ 、Ca^2 、P含量升高,肌酐(CRE)和CO2含量降低,其他测定指标变化不明显。鳃组织中Na^ 、K^ -ATP酶活性随喹乙醇剂量的升高而呈逐渐下降的趋势,呈现剂量效应关系,喹乙醇剂量达1600mg/k以上时,Na^ 、K^ -ATP酶活性显著降低。结论:1600mg/k以上的喹乙醇剂量可以明显干扰鲤的正常生化代谢功能。 相似文献