重组鲮IGF-I对鲮GH表达的影响

使用半定量RT-PCR方法检测了鲮各组织中GH mRNA的表达,并分析重组鲮IGF-Ⅰ处理后鲮GH表达变化情况。结果表明：鲮的GH mRNA表达具有明显的组织特异性,在鲮的肝、肾、脾、肌肉、肠、鳃、性腺、心脏和皮肤中都未检测到GH mRNA表达,只在鲮脑中检测到GH mRNA表达;经重组鲮IGF-Ⅰ处理后,鲮脑中GH mRNA稍有升高,但在肝和肌肉中仍未检测到GH mRNA表达;重组鲮IGF-Ⅰ处理前后,鲮血清中GH浓度变化不明显。     

重组鲮GH对鲮IGF-Ⅰ表达的影响

使用半定量RT-PCR方法,研究了鲮（Cirrhinus molitorella）各组织中IGF-ⅠmRNA组织表达,并分析重组鲮GH处理后鲮IGF-Ⅰ表达变化情况。结果表明,鲮IGF-ⅠmRNA在肝组织中表达最高,其次是肾和脑,另外在肠、鳃、脾、性腺和心脏组织中也有表达,而在肌肉、皮肤中没有检测到鲮IGF-ⅠmRNA的表达;按120μg·g^-1鱼体重的剂量经腹腔注射重组鲮GH,观察12h后鲮IGF-Ⅰ表达变化情况,发现经重组鲮GH处理后,鲮肝组织IGF-ⅠmRNA表达水平显著升高,脑组织IGF-ⅠmRNA表达水平也稍有升高,而在肌肉中仍未检测到IGF-ⅠmRNA的表达;重组鲮GH处理前后,对照组中鲮血清中IGF-Ⅰ的含量为145.59±21.84ng·mL^-1,试验组中鲮血清中IGF-Ⅰ的含量为247.71±2.83ng·mL^-1,经t检验,P=0.043〈0.05,表明重组鲮GH处理前后鲮血清中IGF-Ⅰ的含量存在显著性差异。     

人工养殖圆口铜鱼头肾组织学特征及操作胁迫对其影响

采用石蜡切片和组织涂片技术,对人工养殖圆口铜鱼(Coreius guichenoti)在正常和操作胁迫下头肾的组织、细胞形态结构及细胞数目进行研究,并探讨了其在操作胁迫后0.1、4、24 h 的变化特征.石蜡切片观察发现,圆口铜鱼头肾实质中无肾单位,主要由淋巴组织、造血组织、血管、肾间组织及黑色素巨噬细胞组成.各组织及细胞结构形态正常,分布规则.在操作胁迫后0.1、4 h 时,头肾中黑色素巨噬细胞数量较正常组显著增多,形成黑色素巨噬细胞中心,同时肾间组织增生,肾间细胞面积、核面积和核直径均有不同程度增大;在操作胁迫后24 h 时,黑色素巨噬细胞数量和肾间细胞面积、核面积、核直径均减小,并均低于正常组.组织涂片观察发现,正常圆口铜鱼头肾中主要有6类细胞:红细胞、淋巴细胞、单核细胞、嗜中性粒细胞、嗜碱性粒细胞、血栓细胞.应激后不规则红细胞增多,红细胞、嗜中性粒细胞数量和嗜碱性粒细胞持续减少;淋巴细胞和单核细胞数量在应激后0.1 h短暂增多,随后持续降低;血栓细胞数量持续增加.研究表明,圆口铜鱼头肾组织和细胞在应激后较短时间(0.1、4 h)内发生显著变化,部分组织的生物功能在24 h 时逐渐恢复正常.本研究可为圆口铜鱼及其他硬骨鱼类头肾的组织学研究、养殖与驯化过程中的健康监测等方面提供参考依据.     

重组鲮IGF—I对鲮GH表达的影响

使用半定量 RT-PCR 方法检测了鲮各组织中 GH mRNA 的表达,并分析重组鲮 IGF-Ⅰ处理后鲮 GH 表达变化情况。结果表明:鲮的 GH mRNA 表达具有明显的组织特异性,在鲮的肝、肾、脾、肌肉、肠、鳃、性腺、心脏和皮肤中都未检测到 GH mRNA 表达,只在鲮脑中检测到 GH mRNA 表达;经重组鲮 IGF-Ⅰ处理后,鲮脑中GH mRNA 稍有升高,但在肝和肌肉中仍未检测到 GH mRNA 表达;重组鲮 IGF-Ⅰ处理前后,鲮血清中 GH 浓度变化不明显。     

外源生长激素注射对尼罗罗非鱼GH-IGFs生长轴通路因子及MyoD基因表达的影响

为探究生长激素(GH)对鱼类肌肉生长影响的分子机理,应用外源GH注射尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)幼鱼,采用荧光定量PCR技术检测注射1~7周后GH试验组和对照组鱼的肝脏、肌肉中GH-IGFs生长轴通路因子(GHR1,GHR2,IGF-1,IGF-2)和肌肉中成肌分化因子基因(MyoD1,MyoD2)的mRNA表达变化。结果表明,外源GH注射后,肝脏、肌肉中GHR1 mRNA的表达水平均显著上调,GHR2 mRNA的表达水平均显著下调;肝脏、肌肉中IGF-1 mRNA、IGF-2 mRNA的表达水平均显著上调;肌肉中MyoD1 mRNA、MyoD2 mRNA的表达水平均显著上调(P0.05)。试验证实,肝脏和肌肉均为GH的效应器官,可能的作用途径为GH-GHR1-IGFs-MyoDs。     

运输胁迫对银鲳血清皮质醇、血糖、组织中糖元及乳酸含量的影响

研究分析了运输胁迫2、4、8和12 h后银鲳血清皮质醇、血糖、组织中糖元及乳酸含量的变化。选取平均体质量为(10.05±0.23) g的银鲳幼鱼为试验对象,共设3组运输密度,分别为4、8和16 g/L。每个时间段的运输结束后,将取样后剩余的鱼转入1 m³水体的圆形玻璃钢桶中观察24 h,以统计各自的累计死亡率。研究结果显示,16 g/L密度组在运输12 h后成活率为91.25%,其余均为100%;运输胁迫导致皮质醇含量显著升高(P<0.05),运输4 h后,血清皮质醇含量均达到最高值,12 h后皮质醇含量虽较运输4 h后有所降低,但仍显著高于试验初的水平,且此时16 g/L密度组的皮质醇含量均显著高于4和8 g/L密度组(P<0.05);血糖、血清与肌肉中乳酸含量在运输胁迫后均显著升高(P<0.05);肝脏与肌肉中糖元含量在运输胁迫后均显著降低(P<0.05),但在整个运输胁迫过程中,肝脏组织中糖元含量的降低程度明显高于肌肉组织。统计分析得出,较高的运输密度会加重银鲳的应激性反应,并推测在小水体开放式运输的情况下,规格为10 g左右的银鲳幼鱼,其运输密度不宜超过16 g/L。此外,在运输胁迫下,银鲳机体的能量供给主要来自肝脏糖元的动员。     

银鲳人工育苗技术研究

2005~2006年,在舟山海域银鲳繁殖季节(4~5月),随流刺网和张网捕鱼船出海,捕捞性腺成熟的银鲳进行人工授精,把胚胎运回岸上在孵化桶中继续孵化,得到初孵仔鱼并移入水泥池中进行培育。在水温19.0~24.0℃、盐度25.0~28.0的人工育苗条件下培育苗种。饵料为轮虫、卤虫无节幼体和配合饲料,孵化后3 d仔鱼开始开口摄食。银鲳初孵仔鱼~12日龄为仔鱼期,13~40日龄为稚鱼期,41日龄起转为幼鱼期。经50 d培育,获得20~27 mm叉长的银鲳幼鱼。育苗成活率为5%~14%。     

饲料组成对银鲳幼鱼生长率及肌肉氨基酸、脂肪酸组成的影响

研究分析了饲料组成对银鲳(Pampus argenteus)幼鱼特定生长率(SGR)及肌肉氨基酸与脂肪酸组成的影响。实验共设4组不同的饲料组成,依次为饲料A(鱼肉糜)、饲料B(鱼肉糜+配合饲料)、饲料C(鱼肉糜+配合饲料+蛏子肉糜)和饲料D(鱼肉糜+配合饲料+蛏子肉糜+桡足类)。实验用银鲳幼鱼的平均体重为4.80±0.11 g,每组饲料设3重复,实验周期为9周。研究结果显示,不同饲料组成可显著影响银鲳的特定生长率,饲料A组的特定生长率最低,并显著低于其它各饲料组;饲料D组的特定生长率最高,且显著高于饲料B、C组的特定生长率(P<0.05);但饲料B、C组间银鲳特定生长率无显著性差异(P>0.05)。银鲳肌肉氨基酸与脂肪酸的分析结果显示,4组饲料组成对银鲳肌肉氨基酸的组成及含量并无显著性影响(P>0.05),但可显著影响肌肉脂肪酸的组成及含量(P<0.05)。饲料D组的多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)、高度不饱和脂肪酸(HUFA)及n-3HUFA含量均分别显著高于饲料A、B和C组(P<0.05),饲料B和C组的PUFA、HUFA及n-3HUFA均分别显著高于饲料A组(P<0.05),但饲料B、C组间并无显著性差异(P>0.05)。综合分析得出,丰富的饲料组成以及饲料中较高的HUFA含量均有利于银鲳幼鱼的生长。     

Scuticociliatosis-associated mortalities and histopathology of natural infection in cultured silver pomfret (Pampus argenteus Euphrasen) in Kuwait

Sub-adults of silver pomfret (Pampus argenteus), produced and reared in the mariculture experimentation facilities of Mariculture and Fisheries Department of Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research (KISR), suffered 55–70% mortalities due to scuticociliatosis by Uronema sp. The parasitic infestation was noticed during April–May 2005. Affected fish showed varying levels of tissue damage including severe epidermal and dermal necrotic lesions. The disease occurred with the raise in water temperature from 20 to 22 °C during April. Loss of scales, appearance of bleached spots that coalesced to form brownish patches, haemorrhagic and severe dermal necrotic lesions were the major clinico-pathological manifestations. The parasite was found abundantly in the blood, peritoneal fluid and the cerebrospinal fluid, the skin and the gill wet mounts. Extensive fouling, necrotic degeneration of the gill epithelium and deep dermal necrosis resulted in mortality of the infected fish. The parasite was noticed in the lumen of the collecting ducts of the kidney and the alimentary canal. The parasite was also seen distributed extensively in the entire brain causing widespread nerve necrosis. Earliest separation of the clinically normal fish from the affected fish resulted in significantly higher survival. The investigations are of significant importance in view of the mariculture potentials of the fish especially after the success of captive spawning and larval rearing achieved by the KISR.     

渤海银鲳成熟卵巢生化成分分析

采用现代生化分析方法,研究了渤海银鲳卵巢组织的生化成分。结果表明:卵巢水分平均含量为68.83%,蛋白质平均含量15.45%,脂肪平均含量12.37%,灰分平均含量1.21%,糖类(碳水化合物)平均含量1.82%;卵巢组织的17种氨基酸中以谷氨酸含量最高,天冬氨酸次之,赖氨酸居于第三位;卵巢脂质中的主要脂肪酸排列顺序如下:C18∶1(n9&7)>C16∶0>C22∶6n3>C16∶1n7>C20∶5n3,饱和脂肪酸(SFA)占脂肪酸总量的18.95%~25.28%,单烯酸(MUFA)占24.67%~31.87%,多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)占19.72%~24.26%,EPA和DHA之和占16.27%~20.08%。     

养殖与野生银鲳精巢发育形态学和组织学的初步比较

采用组织学与形态学等方法研究养殖与野生银鲳(Pampus argenteus)精巢结构、细胞形态、发育过程的异同点。结果表明:银鲳精巢结构为典型的小叶型结构,由精小叶、精小囊、小叶间质、小叶腔和输出管构成;生殖细胞可划分为5类;精巢发育与其他海水鱼类一样,可划分为6个时期。通过实验得知,养殖银鲳个体普遍小于野生银鲳的个体,且同等大小个体的养殖银鲳的精巢发育也不如野生银鲳精巢饱满,推测可能由于营养和环境温度的差异所造成。     

Development of hatchery technology for the silver pomfret Pampus argenteus (Euphrasen): effect of microalgal species on larval survival

The silver pomfret Pampus argenteus (Euphrasen) is a new candidate for aquaculture and there is not much information available on its larval rearing. Investigations carried out using microalgae alone in the culture system for the initial feeding of the silver pomfret larvae showed that Chlorella, Isochrysis and Nannochloropsis without rotifers are not conducive to the survival of newly hatched larvae. At 6 days after hatching (DAH), a maximum survival of 3% (1.8 ± 1.69%) was observed with Isochrysis followed by Nannochloropsis (0.35 ± 0.21%) and Chlorella (0.25 ± 0.21%). All control larvae died at 6 DAH without microalgae. Further investigations using the above microalgae with rotifers and a mixture of these same microalgae with rotifers showed that significantly higher (P < 0.05) survival could be achieved in the mixture of microalgae with rotifers in the culture system. At 12 DAH, the larval survival was 9.73 ± 1.39% in mixed species of algae compared with that of Isochrysis (6.93 ± 1.86%), Nannochloropsis (6.83 ± 0.61%), Chlorella (5.93 ± 2.76%) and seawater without microalgae or the control (0.73 ± 0.31%). The first incidence of feeding on rotifers at 4 DAH was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in all treatments with microalgae than that of the control. The incidence of feeding in mixed species of algae at 4 DAH (60.0 ± 0.00%) and in Isochrysis (55.0 ± 35.36%) was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that of Chlorella (40.0 ± 0.00%) and the control (25.0 ± 7.07%). Prey consumption of individual larvae increased significantly (P < 0.01) at 8 DAH compared with that at 4 DAH. During this period, predation on rotifers by larvae was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in mixed species of algae (12.85 ± 5.73 rotifers larva^?1) than that of the control (6.75 ± 1.20 rotifers larva^?1). The fatty acid composition of rotifers used during this investigation shows that significantly higher (P < 0.05) ω3 HUFA was present in rotifers treated with mixed algae plus commercial enrichment media ‘Super Selco’ and ‘DHA Protein Selco’. Rearing of silver pomfret larvae up to the juvenile stage using mixed species of microalgae in the hatchery has been discussed. During 38 days of the larval rearing period, it was possible to achieve 3.6–4.2% larval survival with a mean of 3.9 ± 0.42%, which was considerably higher than in previous attempts (survival up to 1.5%).     

The onset of spawning in the silver pomfret, Pampus argenteus (Euphrasen), in Kuwait waters and its implications for management

Abstract The spawning periodicity of silver pomfret, Pampus argenteus (Euphrasen), was investigated against a background of conflicting evidence on the onset of spawning in this species. Contrary to the existing view that silver pomfret in Kuwait waters begin to spawn in March–April, evidence is presented that indicates a delay in spawning until May. Only an insignificant level of spawning takes place in April which, from the management point of view, may be ignored. The species has a prolonged spawning period extending from May to August in females, although the males mature in April and ripe specimens are encountered in monthly samples until September. There are two spawning peaks, the first one in May and the second in August.     

Plasma growth hormone levels in fed and fasted rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) are decreased following handling stress

Plasma growth hormone concentrations of rainbow trout,Oncorhynchus mykiss, fasted for six weeks, were significantly (p < 0.01) higher than in comparable fed animals; in the fasted fish, the levels fell progressively following acute stress (by displacing the fish within their home aquarium), with significant differences from pre-stressed fish evident between one and thirty-two hours after application of the stressor. Plasma growth hormone concentrations also fell significantly in the fed group, but differences were evident only between two and eight hours after stressor application.Plasma cortisol concentrations in pre- and post-stressed fed and fasted fish were similar. There was a bimodal response to stressor application in both groups, with significantly higher values relative to the pre-stressed sample evident one and eight hours after disturbance, but not after two, four or thirty-two hours. The changes in plasma cortisol levels between the initial (09:00h) sample and the sample taken eight hours later resembles the diet pattern seen in trout given access to self-demand feeders.Plasma glucose concentrations in pre-stressed fed animals were higher than in pre-stressed fasted fish. This relationship was also evident between one and four hours and thirty-two hours after stressor application. The post-stress rise in plasma glucose concentration was evident between one and four hours in the fed group, and between four and eight hours in fasted fish.The diel changes in plasma growth hormone and glucose concentrations could not be attributed to normal circadian patterns, and there was no apparent correlation between changes in plasma growth hormone and cortisol concentrations. There was a significant inverse correlation between plasma glucose and growth hormone concentrations when the total data set were analyzed, but these correlations were not apparent when the treatment groups were analyzed separately.