南方小花蝽对非洲菊上西花蓟马控制效果评价

为评价南方小花蝽Orius similis对非洲菊上西花蓟马的控制效果,本研究在非洲菊上以2头/m²密度释放南方小花蝽,以西花蓟马的虫口减退率及南方小花蝽对西花蓟马校正防效作为指标评价了其控害效果。结果显示：在释放南方小花蝽前期,南方小花蝽对非洲菊上西花蓟马的控制效果不明显,但随着释放时间延长,控制效果显著提高,释放南方小花蝽21 d后的控制效果高达90.25%,而喷施化学农药的控制效果为-40.93%,释放南方小花蝽的控制效果远高于喷施化学农药处理,表明南方小花蝽对西花蓟马具有更高效持久的控制潜力。     

10种杀虫剂对4种蓟马的毒力及对西花蓟马的田间药效评价

蓟马对农作物的危害逐年加重, 为筛选防治蓟马的高效低毒药剂, 采用叶管药膜法测定了10种常用药剂对4种蓟马的室内毒力, 并开展了田间防效试验。室内毒力测定结果表明, 6%乙基多杀菌素SC和10%虫螨腈SC对4种蓟马的毒力相对较高, 25%噻虫嗪WG和5%甲维盐EC的毒力较低, 西花蓟马和瓜蓟马对10种药剂的敏感性低于花蓟马和烟蓟马。田间药效结果表明, 25%噻虫嗪WG、10%溴虫氟苯双酰胺SC和4.5%高效氯氰菊酯EC对西花蓟马的防效较高, 药后7 d药效最高达到90%以上。综合室内毒力和田间药效试验结果, 推荐4.5%高效氯氰菊酯EC和10%溴虫氟苯双酰胺SC为防治蓟马的首选药剂, 可与25%噻虫嗪WG、48%多杀霉素SC、1.8%阿维菌素EC和10%吡丙醚SC等药剂轮换使用。     

Thiamethoxam acts as a target‐site synergist of spinosad in resistant strains of Frankliniella occidentalis

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have suggested that the resistance mechanism towards spinosad in Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) is an altered target site. Like the neonicotinoids, the spinosyns act on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in insects, but at a distinct site. The changes in nAChRs related to spinosad resistance in thrips might involve interaction with neonicotinoids. In this study, the efficacy of spinosad and neonicotinoids, alone and in combination, was evaluated in susceptible and spinosad‐resistant thrips strains. RESULTS: The neonicotinoids tested were imidacloprid, thiacloprid, acetamiprid, thiamethoxam and clothianidin. No cross‐resistance was shown between spinosad and any of the neonicotinoids. However, an increased toxicity was observed when a mixture of spinosad with thiamethoxam or clothianidin was tested. No synergism was found in the susceptible strains. The more spinosad‐resistant the thrips strain, the stronger was the synergism. CONCLUSION: Data suggest that spinosad and thiamethoxam may interact at the nAChRs in spinosad‐resistant thrips, facilitating enhanced insecticidal action. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

东亚小花蝽携带绿僵菌防控西花蓟马和烟粉虱的效果评价

天敌昆虫和生防菌的联合应用对害虫防控具有潜在的增效作用。东亚小花蝽Orius sauteri是目前常用的捕食性天敌之一, 被广泛用于温室蓟马、粉虱等害虫的防治。金龟子绿僵菌Metarhizium anisopliae寄主广泛, 可有效防治多种温室害虫, 且相对安全。为探索东亚小花蝽与金龟子绿僵菌联用的控害效果, 本文在室内和田间条件下研究了二者对烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci和西花蓟马Frankliniella occidentalis的协同控害作用。室内测定结果表明, 绿僵菌孢子悬浮液浓度不大于5×107孢子/mL时, 不会对东亚小花蝽5龄若虫的存活和羽化造成负面影响。室内与温室笼罩条件下, 东亚小花蝽携带绿僵菌的处理能够降低辣椒上的西花蓟马和烟粉虱发生量, 表明东亚小花蝽携带绿僵菌可提高对西花蓟马和烟粉虱的防治效果, 证明了天敌昆虫和生防菌联合应用的可行性, 为生物防治方式多元化应用与推广提供了实践指导。     

The efficacy of spinosad against the western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis, and its impact on associated biological control agents on greenhouse cucumbers in southern Ontario

Insecticides are the most commonly used tactic to control western flower thrips (WFT), Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), on greenhouse cucumber. However, WFT has developed resistance to several of the insecticides presently in use. In addition, some of these insecticides adversely affect greenhouse biological control agents used to control WFT, resulting in subsequent pest resurgence. Therefore, there is a need to identify novel insecticides with unique modes of action for use in integrated pest management (IPM) programs to effectively control WFT with minimal impact on associated biological control agents. In laboratory bioassays conducted in 2001, immature and adult WFT and three associated greenhouse biological control agents: Amblyseius cucumeris Oudemans (Acarina: Phytoseiidae), Orius insidiosus Say (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) and Encarsia formosa Gahan (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) were exposed to direct, direct/residual, and residual contact applications of the novel biopesticide, spinosad (Conserve 120 SC), and the industry standard for whitefly control, endosulfan (Thiodan 50 WP). In all three types of assay, spinosad was effective against immature and adult WFT life stages. It showed low toxicity to A. cucumeris, moderate toxicity to O. insidiosus and high toxicity to E formosa. Greenhouse studies involving exposure of immature and adult WFT and adult biological control agents to cucumber leaves sprayed previously with spinosad supported the laboratory data. Spinosad showed low toxicity to A. cucumeris exposed to leaves 1 day after treatment (DAT), moderate toxicity to O. insidiosus 1 and 8 DAT, and high toxicity to E. formosa up to 28 DAT. These data, along with spinosad's unique mode of action, suggest it would be a valuable reduced-risk control agent for greenhouse cucumber IPM programs.     

西花蓟马天敌种类及主要种类的控害潜能

西花蓟马[Frankliniella occidentalis(Pergande)]是国际上备受关注的检疫性有害生物,近年来该虫分布范围不断扩大,对农作物、园林园艺植物的危害日趋加重,发挥天敌对该虫的自然控制作用已引起人们广泛重视。本文根据国内外研究报道,总结和记述了西花蓟马的天敌种类及其主要种类对西花蓟马的控制作用。西花蓟马的天敌约有60种,其中天敌昆虫50种,昆虫病原线虫5种,虫生真菌5种。同时,对主要天敌种类小花蝽、昆虫病原线虫和虫生真菌对西花蓟马的捕食寄生及控制潜力进行了阐述。     

Comparative analyses of the toxic effects of imidacloprid and spirotetramat on Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), the vector of tomato zonate spot virus: a laboratory assay

The tomato zonate spot virus (TZSV) is responsible for substantial yield losses in vegetables, tobacco and other cash crops in China in recent years. The western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera, Thripidae), is the main vector of TZSV in Yunnan Province. Because controlling the population of insect vectors is the most efficient way to prevent epidemics of viral diseases, we conducted laboratory assays to assess the potential of using spirotetramat as an alternative to imidacloprid in controlling F. occidentalis. Our results demonstrated that spirotetramat was significantly more lethal than imidacloprid to F. occidentalis at different concentrations. The LC₃₀, LC₅₀ and LC₉₀ values of spirotetramat were all much lower than those of imidacloprid after the same time of treatment. Frankliniella occidentalis was more sensitive when treated with spirotetramat than imidacloprid at the concentrations of 500, 250, 125 and 62.5mg/L, and the median lethal concentrations (LC₅₀) were 285.53, 82.24 and 11.19mg/L at 12, 36 and 72 hours after treatment, respectively. Spirotetramat caused 100% mortality of F. occidentalis at 500 and 250 mg/L after 48 hours treatment, and at the lowest concentration 125 mg/L at 72 hours after treatment, respectively. Field experiments carried out elsewhere have confirmed our findings. Together they allow us to conclude that spirotetramat is a promising pesticide for the control F. occidentalis in China.     

释放巴氏钝绥螨对温室大棚茄子上西花蓟马及东亚小花蝽数量的影响

在北京市门头沟碧琨种植中心的温室大棚茄子上释放巴氏钝绥螨后,调查统计对茄子上西花蓟马及东亚小花蝽数量的影响。结果表明:释放巴氏钝绥螨对温室大棚茄子上的西花蓟马的种群数量在其高峰期具有一定的压低作用,尤其是释放200头/m2巴氏钝绥螨效果更好。温室大棚茄子上自然发生的本地天敌东亚小花蝽的种群数量,在各处理间的总体趋势相同,随着西花蓟马的数量变化而变化。     

The contact toxicity of indoxacarb and five other insecticides to Orius insidiosus (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) and Aphidius colemani (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), beneficials used in the greenhouse industry

The contact toxicity of indoxacarb, abamectin, endosulfan, insecticide soap, S-kinoprene and dimethoate to Orius insidiosus (Say) and Aphidius colemani Viereck were studied in the laboratory. These beneficials are often used in the greenhouses to manage various insect pests. Indoxacarb is slow acting and therefore, to estimate lethal dosages, observations should be continued for several days until data stabilize. Seven days after treatment, the LC50 was 0.119 g AI litre(-1) for O insidiosus adults and 0.019 g AI litre(-1) for A colemani. At that time, the recommended field concentration was 0.479 times the LC50 for O insidiosus adults and three times the LC50 for A colemani. In contrast, indoxacarb had no adverse effect on the reproductive capacity of wasps surviving a treatment or the developing wasps in the aphid mummy. Among the other insecticides S-kinoprene was the most innocuous while dimethoate was the most toxic to the two beneficials. The other insecticides had overlapping toxicities.     

Effectiveness of a naturally derived insecticide, spinosad, against the pine processionary moth Thaumetopoea wilkinsoni Tams (Lepidoptera: Thaumetopoeidae) under laboratory conditions

The pine processionary moth Thaumetopoea wilkinsoni Tams is a serious pest on pine trees in southwestern Turkey. The efficacy of a naturally derived insecticide, spinosad, on fourth-fifth instar larvae of T. wilkinsoni was studied under laboratory conditions. The product exhibited strong larvicidal activity and at doses above 5 mg litre(-1) caused > 90% mortality in the fourth-fifth larval stages of the species after 72 h. At 72 h the LD50 and LD90 values were 3.26 and 5.69 mg litre(-1) respectively. The results showed that spinosad is highly effective on T. wilkinsoni larvae.     

大面积应用性信息素诱捕甘蓝斜纹夜蛾及田间控害效果

2006年应用性信息素大量诱捕法对秋甘蓝斜纹夜蛾开展了大面积诱杀试验,并就配套应用技术及其田间控害效果进行了评估。性信息素防治区内,在外围、中围和内围以及上风口、下风口等不同点位上的斜纹夜蛾雄成虫的单瓶诱集量差异明显,上风口的诱集量大于下风口,且增加幅度从外围往中心依次递减;在不同点位上的斜纹夜蛾雄成虫的诱集量差异跟田间虫口发生量呈正相关,虫口密度越大,外围成虫诱集量比中内围的增幅也越大。性信息素防治区在减少药剂防治2次的情况下,斜纹夜蛾落卵量比化防区和空白对照区分别减少27.5%和65.3%,田间累计幼虫发生量分别下降70.9%和94.3%。本试验结果表明,性信息素大面积诱捕能有效控制甘蓝斜纹夜蛾的危害,可为蔬菜的可持续生产提供技术支持。     

Insecticide resistance inFrankliniella occidentalis: Corroboration of laboratory assays with field data and cross-resistance in a cypermethrin-resistant strain

Field efficacy of five insecticides to a greenhouse strain ofFrankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) of known resistance status was studied. In a greenhouse trial, the mortality of aF. occidentalis strain (Uncali) which exhibited resistance only against cypermethrin in laboratory assays, reached 56%, 68%, 82%, 94% and 99%, 24 h after application of abamectin, cypermethrin, endosulfan, malathion and methomyl, respectively. In the laboratory, for larval mortality equal to that achieved in the field, much lower doses — half of the field dose of cypermethrin and endosulfan, and one-third and one-sixth of malathion and methomyl, respectively, were required in topical application. Because of differences between laboratory and field responses ofF. occidentalis to insecticides, a sound resistance evaluation program to determine field efficacy of insecticides is needed. Resistance increased 28.0- and 139.3-fold at LC₅₀ in theF. occidentalis strain subjected to 27 and 44 cycles of cypermethrin selection, respectively. A slight cross-resistance of two- to threefold was found with endosulfan, malathion and methomyl and no cross-resistance was observed with abamectin. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting August 4, 2008.     

苜蓿锈菌夏孢子的生物学特性及杀菌剂对其室内毒力测定

采用孢子萌发法对引起苜蓿锈病的病原菌进行了生物学特性研究, 并采用不同的杀菌剂进行了室内毒力测定。研究表明：在100%相对湿度下, 苜蓿锈菌夏孢子在5~30 ℃都能萌发, 但温度在20~25 ℃萌发最快; 光照和1%葡萄糖液有促进孢子萌发的作用; 不同杀菌剂室内毒力测定研究表明, 吡唑醚菌酯和嘧菌酯效果最好, 其EC50 分别为0.040 1、0.068 1 mg/L。     

化学信息素产品登记和命名规则商榷

本文通过分析化学信息素的概念、性质、作用机制,以及技术和产品特点等背景,参照国际上的现有登记制度,科学地对我国化学信息素登记、标准制订和命名等方面的提出一些建议和思路。     

基于GIS与生物气候相似性的西花蓟马在广东的适生性研究

西花蓟马Frankliniella occidentalis(Pergande)是世界性的重要害虫,明确其在广东省的适生区域对该虫的科学监测及防治意义重大。本研究根据西花蓟马的生物学特性,利用气候相似距原理和ArcGIS对西花蓟马在广东省的适生性、寄主分布情况进行了分析,结果表明:西花蓟马在广东省有广泛的适宜分布区,但存在地域性的差异,其中雷州半岛、韶关、清远、河源、梅州、惠州等地区的适生程度相对较高,而珠三角及潮汕地区适生程度较低。有效积温结果表明西花蓟马在广东省一年可发生18～24代。