香蕉组织培养中变异的发生与控制途径

香蕉组培试管苗技术对于快速推广优良品种，抑制香蕉束顶病、花叶心腐病等病毒病害，提高香蕉产量与质量都起到了重要作用，但试管苗的变异问题也比较突出，给育苗厂家和种植者带来一定的经济损失。根据有关报道并结合笔者的工作实践，对香蕉组培中的变异和控制提出一些看法和建议。变异与香蕉品种的关系1 在植物组培过程中，一般都伴随着一定的遗传变异。香蕉组培试管苗同样普遍存在着变异现象，而且变异率比常规繁殖的高，这种变异因不同品种而异（表）。1变异与继代培养时间的关系2 植物组织培养中，组织或细胞的变异率随时间的延长而…     

彩叶芋的组培快速繁殖

彩叶芋的组培快速繁殖梁国平（云南省热带作物科学研究所）彩叶芋（Ｃａｌａｄｉｕｍ），属天南星科，别名花叶芋、五彩竿，为多年生草本植物，原产于南美洲，是一种非常美丽的观叶植物。目前栽培品种有十多个，彩叶芋繁殖一般采用块茎分株繁殖，一株良好的块茎一年一次最...     

益智组培幼态苗分株繁殖技术

详细介绍了益智组培幼态苗分株繁殖技术。通过分株繁殖,使益智组培苗得到充分利用,保持组培生产连贯性,降低生产成本,增加经济效益。     

柳杉扦插繁殖技术研究

在预备试验确定柳杉扦插成活的主要影响因子基础上,进一步分析了扦插时间和激素处理对扦插成活和苗木质量的影响,摸索了柳杉采穗圃营建的适宜方式,从而建立了一套适宜推广的柳杉扦播繁殖技术,扦插成活率达到94．5％。     

青钱柳繁殖技术研究进展及发展趋势

综述了近年来青钱柳有性繁殖、无性繁殖等方面的研究成果,并探讨了今后其繁殖技术发展方向和急需解决的关键技术。结果表明,有性繁殖的研究重点是其种子休眠机理及其解除方法,关键技术在于物理、化学、变温等方法联用以及生长调节剂在解除种子休眠时的协调使用;扦插、组培繁殖是今后青钱柳快繁技术研究的重点;扦插繁殖的关键技术为筛选最适宜扦插枝条生根存活的环境因子,而组培繁殖的关键技术在于培养基优化、植物生长调节剂添加、外植体脱毒技术等方面。     

花叶玉簪组培快繁技术

通过研究试验,探索出花叶玉簪组织培养方法快速繁育中无菌系建立,最佳消毒措施,适宜的增殖培养配方和生根炼苗技术措施,为其组培快繁提供了可行的技术措施。     

木本植物繁殖技术研究进展

本文论述了木本植物的各种繁殖方式,包括种子繁殖、扦插繁殖、嫁接繁殖、分株繁殖、压条繁殖和组培培养等,及不同方法适用的木本植物种类和研究成果,并总结了木本植物繁殖技术的发展趋势。     

红叶山樱花苗木繁殖技术规程

对红叶山樱(Prunus serrulata Lindl.Royal Burgundy)苗木的播种繁殖、扦插繁殖、嫁接繁殖和组培快繁等繁殖技术进行了总结,以期为提升其苗木质量、加快苗木生产和推广应用提供技术参考。     

重楼无性繁殖研究进展

阐述了重楼根茎繁殖的根茎切割研究、根茎切块应用生长调节剂的研究和组培繁殖技术的现况,并对重楼未来无性繁殖的研究提出了展望。     

蓝莓扦插繁殖技术

正优质苗木是蓝莓推广种植的重要条件。蓝莓的种类和品种有很多,种苗的主要培育方式有组培、扦插、种子繁殖和嫁接繁殖。工厂化育苗一般采用组培技术,其具有繁殖系数高、生产成本低的优点,但有一定技术难度。种子繁殖和嫁接繁殖应用较少。生产中小批量育苗一般采用扦插繁殖,其具有育苗成本低、周期短、成苗快、开花早等特点。掌握好     

柳杉试管快繁技术的研究

柳杉不仅是重要的高山速生树种,而且是一种优良的绿化和环保树种,是我国珍贵用材树种之一。以柳杉为材料,研究其组织培养快繁技术。结果表明:以柳杉种胚为外植体,在MS培养基中就可以得到很好的生长。侧芽的增殖能力要高于顶芽。柳杉侧芽茎尖培养在MS ZT 0.3 mg/L培养基中,腋芽增殖系数最高达5.3,在MS 0.3 mg/L BA进行增殖培养,侧芽增殖系数达4.3。生根培养采用两阶段发根(先用IBA处理10 d,再转入1/3MS大量元素),发根率达80%,平均根数为5.25,平均根长为5.16 cm。试管苗经过驯化移栽成活率达85%以上。     

几种柏科树种嫩枝扦插的研究

木本植物的插条繁殖至今仍是园林工作者获得良种无性系和培育苗木的重要途径。柏科树种多是珍贵的园林树种,它们的嫩枝插穗生根难易差别很大。本研究探讨了生根难易的生理原因,为提高扦插成活率提供理论依据。     

The Detection of Viruses with Nematode Vectors in Six Woody Hosts

Arabis mosaic virus (AMV) was transmitted to herbaceous hostswith foliar sap from the following donor woody plants: Fraxinusamericana L. with distorted leaves having chlorotic ring patterns,Hedera helix L. with foliar yellow chevrons, rings or blotches,Jasminum officinale L. ‘aureo-marmorata’ Hort. withyellow rings and blotches, Laburnum vossii Hendr. with stuntingshoot proliferation and terminal dieback (button-top) and Spiraeadouglasii Hooker with leaf enations and yellow veins. In threeinstances, affected donors plants were growing in soil infestedwith nematodes carrying virus. Strawberry latent ringspot virus with AMV was transmitted fromone of the H. helix donors; AMV and tobacco rattle virus weretransmitted from roots but not leaves of Populus x euramericana.     

37种针阔树种抗火性能及其综合评价的研究

对福建３７个针阔树种鲜叶含水率、粗脂肪、粗灰分、ＳｉＯ２、挥发油含量和燃烧热、燃点、燃烧速度等１０个因子进行测试，并应用Ａ．Ｉ．Ｄ．方法将３７个树种依因子的不同取值范围划分为６个抗火性能等级。其中棕榈、火力楠等４个树种为一级，抗火性能最强；毛栲、木荷等９个树种为二级，抗火性较强；格氏栲、丝栗栲等１５个树种为三级；抗火性能最差的六级是马尾松、侧柏等３个树种。研究结果揭示了南方主要针阔树种抗火性规律，     

几种景天属植物引种及其扦插繁殖研究

笔者引进八宝景天、松塔景天、六棱景天、红毯景天、胭脂红景天、佛甲草、德景天和垂盆草8种景天属植物,通过多年引种栽培,筛选出佛甲草、垂盆草、八宝景天和德景天适宜在武汉地区栽培,其共同特点是抗性强、耐修剪、株型美观,通过佛甲草、垂盆草和德景天的扦插繁殖研究表明其扦插繁殖容易,对基质没有严格要求,露地全光照条件下扦插成活率可达100％。     

深圳市常见园林植物滞尘效应初步研究

采用蒸干称重法和显微观察法对深圳市28种常见园林绿化植物的滞尘能力及部分植物的滞尘方式进行了初步研究。单位叶面积滞尘量的测定结果表明,针状叶类乔木中:龙柏﹥木麻黄;阔叶类乔木中:麻楝>霸王棕>黄花夹竹桃>海枣>大花紫薇>长芒杜英>椰子>紫檀;灌木类中:紫薇>金叶榕=小蜡树>黄花马缨丹>锈鳞木犀榄>红花檵木>龙船花>散尾葵>紫雪茄花>大佛肚竹>四季桂>朱槿>棕竹>软叶刺葵>朱蕉;草本类中:中国文殊兰>花叶艳山姜>蔓花生。以显微观察比较叶片滞尘能力有显著差异的种类,紫薇、金叶榕、红花檵木和朱蕉的滞尘方式分别以颗粒物堆叠式、块状层结式、颗粒镶嵌式及零星嵌入式为主。研究筛选出的常见园林绿化植物中滞尘能力强的种类,可为相似大气环境的亚热带城市绿化提供优先选择,使其成为有效改善空气质量的生物基本元素。     

U形山岙防风林带效益初报

U形朝北风口定村岙，1988年开始营造柳杉、日本扁柏、细叶花柏为主栽树种的防风林带，长800m，宽33m。8年来已初步显示出防风林带时改变小气侯环境的作用，林南风速减少66％～72％，地面温度提高1℃左右，生产、生活环境明显改善，在类似地区推广有一定参考依据。     

The effect of different atmospheric ozone partial pressures on photosynthesis and growth of nine fruit and nut tree species

Nursery stock of peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch, cv. O'Henry), nectarine (P. persica L. Batsch, cv. Fantasia), plum (P. salicina Lindel., cv. Casselman), apricot (P. armeniaca L., cv. Tilton), almond (P. dulcis Mill., cv. Nonpareil), prune (P. domestica L., cv. Improved French), cherry (P. avium L., cv. Bing), oriental pear (Pyrus pyrifolia Rehd., cv. 20th Century), and apple (Malus pumula Mill., cv. Granny Smith) were planted in open-top chambers on April 1, 1988 at the University of California's Kearney Agricultural Center located in the San Joaquin Valley (30 degrees 40' N 119 degrees 40' W). Trees were exposed to three atmospheric ozone partial pressures (charcoal-filtered air (C), ambient air (A), or ambient air + ozone (T)) from August 1 to November 17, 1988. The mean 12-h (0800 to 2000 h) ozone partial pressures measured in open-top chambers during the experimental period were 0.030, 0.051, and 0.117 microPa Pa(-1) in the C, A and T treatments, respectively. Leaf net CO(2) assimilation rate decreased linearly with increasing 12-h mean ozone partial pressure for the almond, plum, apricot, prune, pear, and apple cultivars. Stomatal conductances of apricot, apple, almond, and plum decreased linearly with increasing ozone partial pressure. Cross-sectional area relative growth rates of almond, plum, apricot, and pear decreased linearly with increasing ozone partial pressure. Net CO(2) assimilation rate, stomatal conductance, and trunk growth of cherry, peach and nectarine were unaffected by the ozone treatments. Reduced leaf gas exchange probably contributed to ozone-induced growth reduction of the susceptible species and cultivars. Several of the commercial fruit tree species and cultivars studied were relatively tolerant to the ozone treatments.     

Screening woody and shrub legumes for growth, nodulation and nitrogen-fixation potential in two contrasting soils

In order to identify for alley cropping new candidate species with high biomass and nitrogen-fixing potential, a screening study was conducted on ten woody and shrub legumes (Acacia auriculiformis, Albizia lebbeck, Gliricidia sepium, Leucaena diversifolia, L. leucocephala cv. K28 and cv. K636, Lonchocarpus sericeus, Cajanus cajan, Crotalaria juncea and Tephorsia candida) for 6 months using an acid Ultisol and a non-acid Alfisol. A wide interspecific variability of legumes appeared within soil types, and there were significant species-by-soil interactions for many parameters in this study. In the acid Ultisol, plant growth in height and grith, nodule numbers, nitrogen yield and N₂-fixing potential were significantly (P = 0.05) lower than those in the Alfisol. While Albizia lebbeck was outstanding in both acid and non-acid soil conditions for most performance criteria, L. leucocephala cv. K28 was most sensitive to soil acidity with 41.7% of total nitrogen yield in the Ultisol relative to that accumulated in the Alfisol. In addition to L. leucocephala cv. K28 and G. sepium, the most common hedgerow species, A. lebbeck, L. leucocephala cv. K636, L. diversifolia on Alfisol, and A. lebbeck, L. leucocephala cv. K636, L. diversifolia, Tephrosia candida and Cajanus cajan on acid Ultisol, could be considered promising and thus, worthy of further site adaptability trials.     

聊红槐在园林绿化中的应用前景

聊红槐(Sophora japonica L. cv. Liaohong)为豆科落叶乔木国槐的新变种,其花色鲜艳、花多繁密、新奇美丽,具有较高的观赏价值,并具有耐寒、耐旱、抗污染、适应性强、吸收有害气体等优良特性。适宜在公园、居住区以及厂矿等绿化中推广应用,是具有广阔发展前途的园林绿化树种。