茶毛虫性信息素在茶树上的试验效果

茶毛虫是我国茶区主要常发性害虫。本文通过在茶园开展茶毛虫性信息素试验示范,检测茶毛虫性信息素组合诱捕器对茶毛虫的防治成效,并比较不同厂家性信息素对茶毛虫的诱杀防控效果。试验结果表明,安装性信息素诱捕器的区域茶毛虫幼虫虫口数对比空白对照有显著差异,中茶所茶毛虫性信息素比A厂家诱捕效果明显。     

水稻二化螟性信息素技术:大量诱捕二化螟的防治效果研究

应用二化螟性信息素(3种主要组分为Z11-16-Ald,Z13-18-Ald和Z9-16-Ald,剂量为300 μg)对60 hm[sup]2[/sup]早稻田的越冬代和第一代二化螟成虫进行了大面积诱捕,田间采用绿色水盆诱捕器,布设密度为25个/hm[sup]2[/sup]。对照区为24 hm[sup]2[/sup]种植者使用化学农药代替性信息素防治的水稻田,结果表明诱捕区的卵块数比对照区有明显下降,下降率为74.39%;第一代二化螟成虫的发生量较对照区有明显下降,下降率为61.41%;诱捕区田间稻丛的百株枯鞘率、枯心率和白穗率比对照区有明显下降,下降率分别为70.90%、57.01%和44.30%;诱捕区未使用农药,但防治效果好于对照区(平均施药1.24次)。     

几种性诱剂和色板对茶毛虫雄蛾诱效的比较

首次联用昆虫性信息素与色板诱捕茶毛虫雄成虫。用茶毛虫性信息素主要组分10，14-二甲基十五碳异丁酸酯为基本组分，加入适宜的茶梢挥发物如乙酸-Z-3-己烯酯等，以增加诱效，制成性诱剂。将性诱剂与粘胶色板组合成茶毛虫性诱器，大小40cm×20cm，下底边与茶梢平齐，诱捕器间距8m×8m。诱捕效率高。     

昆虫性信息素配备新型飞蛾诱捕器群集诱杀水稻二化螟的效果研究

对新型飞蛾干式诱捕器诱捕效率进行了测试,从6月20日至9月20日,共调查13次,累计诱蛾量8 605头,平均每台诱捕器诱蛾344头。性诱剂处理区、施药区和不施药区虫伤株率分别为为1.77%、1.19%和81.90%,枯鞘率分别为1.11%、0.65%和14.68%,白穗率分别为1.87%、0.35%和38.83%。性诱剂防治效果95.18%,比药剂防效低3.92个百分点。就本试验结果来看,新型诱捕器操作简便,易于维护,使性信息素大面积诱杀二化螟的可行性提高。     

茶园荼毛虫性信息素应用研究

茶毛虫是危害茶树的三大主要害虫之一,以幼虫咀食叶片为害,大发生时,将茶树芽叶、嫩梢啃食殆尽,严重影响茶叶产量和树势。另外,虫体的毒毛触及人体皮肤能引起红肿痛痒,严重影响采茶及茶园管理。长期以来,茶毛虫防治依赖于化学防治,但长期无节制地使用农药带来害虫抗药性增强、生态平衡破坏、污染环境等一系列问题,     

茶毛虫的生活习性及其防治

茶毛虫是一种食害茶叶有群居性的毒毛虫，又名茶毒蛾，俗称“毛辣虫”，“摆头虫”。是导致茶叶大规模减产的主要害虫之一。人体肌肤触及幼虫毒毛时会红肿痒疼，常妨碍采茶和茶园管理。近年来各茶区都有发生。1茶毛虫的生活习性茶毛虫在我省一年发生代数，因各地气候而异，在渤海，澜沧地区一年均发生两代。第二代成虫在头年10月中旬产卵越冬，至次年2月下旬开始孵化成幼虫，危害茶叶，长达两个多月。至5月中旬下树化蛹，6月上中旬开始羽化产卵。第二代幼虫子七月上中旬孵化，在7月下旬至9月上旬危害茶叶。9月上中旬下树化蛹，至10月中旬羽…     

Suppression of Rice Stem Borer, Chilo suppressalis by Mass Trapping Using Synthetic Sex Pheromone in Paddy Field

Suppressing effects of mass trapping using synthetic sex pheromone with main active ingredients of Z-11-hexadecenal, Z-13-octadecenal and Z-9-hexadecenal on the rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis were investigated during the flight periods of the overwintering and 1st generation in the paddy area of 60 ha in 1999. Population density of C. suppressalis in the pheromone-treated fields was lower than that in control. The egg masses decreased by 74.39% and population size of adult males of the 1st generation decreased by 61.64% in the treated fields as compared to control. Meanwhile, the damage by C.suppressalis larvae was significantly lower in the treated fields than control (t-test, P=0.05). Percentages of brownish leaf sheath, dead heart, and white head in the treated fields were decreased by 70.90%, 57.01% and 44.30%, respectively in contrast to control. The present study demonstrated that mass trapping to C. suppressalis using synthetic sex pheromone shows great potential as an alternative measure in an environment-friendly pest management and at the same challenging the insecticide use that has some environment impacts.     

Suppression of Rice Stem Borer, Chilo suppressalis by Mass Trapping Using Synthetic Sex Pheromone in Paddy Field

Suppressing effects of mass trapping using synthetic sex pheromone with main active ingredients of Z-11-hexadece-nal, Z-13-octadecenal and Z-9-hexadecenal on the rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis were investigated during the flight periods of the overwintering and 1^st generation in the paddy area of 60 ha in 1999. Population density of C. suppressalis in the pheromone-treated fields was lower than that in control. The egg masses decreased by 74. 39% and population size of adult males of the 1^st generation decreased by 61.64% in the treated fields as compared to control. Meanwhile, the damage by C.suppressalis larvae was significantly lower in the treated fields than control (t-test, P=0.05). Percentages of brownish leaf sheath, dead heart, and white head in the treated fields were decreased by 70.90%, 57.01% and 44.30%, respectively in contrast to control. The present study demonstrated that mass trapping to C. suppressalis using synthetic sex pheromone shows great potential as an alternative measure in an environment-friendly pest management and at the same challenging the insecticide use that has some environment impacts.     

Prevalence of a Novel Bunyavirus in Tea Tussock Moth Euproctis pseudoconspersa (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae)

Euproctis pseudoconspersa is a major pest of tea plants, and also causes a skin rash on workers in tea plantations. Research on virus could provide fundamental insights for classification, genetic diversity, evolution, and host–virus interaction mechanisms. Here, we identified a novel RNA virus, Euproctis pseudoconspersa bunyavirus (Phenuiviridae), and found that it is widely distributed in field populations of E. pseudoconspersa. The replication of virus in E. pseudoconspersa was indicated by Tag-PCR. These results contribute to the classification of bunyaviruses and provide insight into the diversity of commensal E. pseudoconspersa bunyavirus and the host.     

几种无公害农药对茶毛虫的防治试验

本文就几种植物源农药对茶毛虫的防治效果进行了报告.试验结果表明:1%印楝素*苦参碱乳油800倍液对茶毛虫具有较好的速效性和持效性,药后1天和7天的防效分别为77.74%和95.55%.     

茶黑毒蛾防治指标的研究

茶黑毒蛾 Dasychira baibarana Matsumura 是茶树的一种主要害虫。本报告通过对幼虫取食量、取食嫩叶和老、成叶的比例及田间摘除老、成叶后对产量影响的模拟试验结果表明,茶黑毒蛾幼虫的平均取食量为1710.4毫克,越冬代幼虫取食嫩叶占总量的78.33%,第1代幼虫占20.98%。越冬代幼虫的危害嫩叶当量 D=0.00134公斤,第1代幼虫虫量与产量损失的关系式为(?)=0.0001377x~(1.247)。根据防治总费用、茶叶产量、价格及防治效果的调查,每亩年产150公斤干茶的茶园,越     

茶毛虫核型多角体病毒对茶毛虫的致病性研究

研究了茶毛虫核型多角体病毒（Euproctis pseudoconspersa nuclear polyhedrosis virus,简称EpNPV）的室内外增殖、分离粗提,以及对茶毛虫（Euproctis pseudoconspersa Strand）室内毒力测定、田间防治效果和病毒电镜检测。采用室内离体茶树嫩枝水培,106βPIB/ml EpNPV喷雾接种2~3龄茶毛虫,或大田直接喷雾处理2~3龄茶毛虫,在罹病幼虫液化前及时收集虫尸,完成病毒增殖。106βPIB/ml、107βPIB/ml、108βPIB/ml EpNPV室内处理第12天致病率分别为43.60％、76.13％和64.68％;第14天致病率分别为59.17％、95.71％和95.70％。大田试验107βPIB/ml喷雾处理第15天防治效果达78.11%。经透射电镜观察田间防治大量感病茶毛虫虫尸,证实为EpNPV致病死亡。     

斜纹夜蛾对植物挥发物及其与性信息素组合的触角电位反应

为了提高目前化学性诱剂的诱集效率,采用电生理方法测试斜纹夜蛾对4种植物气味化合物、4种植物叶片提取液及其与性诱剂混合组分的触角电位（Electroantennogram,EAG）反应。结果表明：这些植物挥发物均可刺激斜纹夜蛾产生触角电位反应,且随着浓度的增加,部分挥发物引起电位值呈逐渐上升趋势,剩余挥发物使电位值先上升后下降。试验所测单种植物挥发物对性诱剂均有显著的增效作用,而2种或2种以上气味化合物混合,只有苯乙醛和水杨酸甲酯同时存在时,对性诱剂才有增效作用,缺少其中任何1种,增效作用都不显著。此研究结果将为下一步开发研究斜纹夜蛾雄虫的引诱剂或性诱剂的增效剂提供重要的科学依据。     

茶树害虫性信息素研究与应用进展

茶是目前世界上消费量最大的饮料作物之一。然而,由于茶园长期依赖化学农药进行病虫害防治,使得茶叶农药残留问题对消费者的健康安全造成了隐患,同时化学农药的使用还带来了害虫抗药性、环境污染等负面影响。昆虫性信息素作为上世纪60年代化学生态学的重要发现,因其具有高效、环保、专一性强等优点,受到各国科学家的肯定,被认为是生物合理农药。在过去的研究中,茶园许多昆虫的性信息素被相继鉴定和应用,如茶小卷叶蛾的性信息素防治已经成为昆虫性信息素应用的典范。本文将从茶树昆虫性信息素的化学结构鉴定、性信息素微量成分的作用、性信息素手性异构、性信息素多态性、性信息素抗性、性信息素生物合成路径及调控机制,以及性信息素的其他生态学功能等方面综述近年来的研究与应用进展。     

灭幼脲类对茶黑毒蛾卵和幼虫的生物活性及防治效果

灭幼脲是一类人工合成的昆虫生长调节剂,经对茶黑毒蛾卵和幼虫生物活性的研究,结果表明,灭幼脲Ⅰ、Ⅲ号浸渍卵块能够显著降低其孵化率;饲喂幼虫可使其存活率降低98.7%—100%;而低浓度则可明显延长5龄幼虫的历期。田间试验结果表明,250g/hm~2灭幼脲类的防效达97%—100%,且对人、畜及茶园天敌安全。