龙岩市森林病虫害发生的现状、成因及防治对策

分析了龙岩市森林病虫害发生现状、特点及成灾原因;提出了加大宣传、完善目标管理、强化政府行为,完善法规体系建设、实行依法管理,树立营林保健理念、突出重点区域的治理,加强森防体系建设、提高综合防治能力,增加投入、建立现代的防治经费筹集和管理机制,依靠科技,切实提高预测预警与防治技术水平等防治对策。     

宾川县退耕还林地病虫害发生现状及综合防治对策

通过调查分析表明,宾川县退耕还林工程造林成效难以达到预期目标,林农经济收益较低,究其原因之一是森林病虫危害,特别是地下害虫的危害.分析病虫危害发生的自然及人为因素,提出退耕还林工程中加强病虫防治工作,建立无检疫对象苗圃,强化营造林技术措施,加强森防队伍建设,严格检疫,强化抚育管理,优化退耕还林林分、树科结构,搞好工程区病虫害的监测预报工作等综合防治对策.     

竹林害虫综合防治中营林技术作用探讨

在竹林害虫综合防治中,营林措施有着重要的作用。研究结果表明,通过劈山、松土、垦复、施肥和清理病虫次竹等营林措施,使遭受目标害虫严重为害的残败竹林恢复长势,挽回损失;增强了竹林对害虫的忍受和自控能力;改善了竹林生态环境,破坏了害虫的越冬场所,压低了翌年虫口发生基数;清除了某些害虫的产卵场所和中间寄主,直接压低了虫口。     

我国森林昆虫生态学研究进展

森林昆虫生态学是森林害虫综合管理的理论基础。近年来该领域的研究越来越受到人们的重视，并取得了大量的研究成果，丰富了森林昆虫生态学的内容。该文从森林昆虫种群动态与环境、空间分布型及抽样技术、生命表、预测预报、害虫优化管理决策和防治决策专家系统6个方面阐述了我国森林昆虫生态学的研究进展情况。     

国有林场森林经营类型与经营作业法的制定研究 —— 以茂名市国有荷塘林场为例

目前广东省开展的国有林场森林经营方案的编制与传统森林经营方案编制有所不同,是在国 家和广东省森林经营规划指导下的多功能森林经营方案编制新技术体系。文章以广东省茂名市国有荷塘 林场为例,通过分析国家和省的森林经营规划、林场森林资源、林场性质,为林场制定了相应的 12 种森 林经营类型和 12 种森林经营作业法等关键内容。这些重要内容成为林场森林经营方案编制的主体内容, 为方案编制服务,可满足林场 8 年经理期内的各种经营要求,实现森林高效可持续发展的需要。     

城市森林生态特点及病虫害综合管理

通过环境对城市森林生态系统影响的分析,结合目前植物病虫害的发生、发展特点及管理中的问题,由生态系统内部入手,从可持续控制的角度,探讨城市森林病虫害综合管理措施。       

人工林物种多样性与害虫的控制

根据国内外的最新研究成果,从人工林害虫可持续控制的需求出发,对利用物种多样性与系统稳定性控制虫害的可能性、人工林物种多样性与害虫控制的关系及其内在作用机制、天然林与人工林在抑制虫害能力上的差别进行综述,分析人工林植物物种多样性与昆虫物种多样性对害虫控制的影响,认为植物物种多样性主要从植食性昆虫搜寻寄主植物,植物营养的差异对植食性昆虫取食和发育的影响,及种类组成不同的植物群落中植食性昆虫天敌数量的变化3个方面影响害虫的发生;要通过调节植物群落中昆虫物种的多样性影响目标害虫的种群数量,既要维护其天敌类群的稳定,也要使与害虫处于同一营养层次的其他植食性昆虫有足够的多样性,甚至也要保护和利用中性、中位及顶位昆虫.对人工林害虫的控制,可借鉴天然林自控虫害的原理,采用生态育林、封山育林及生物技术措施,逐步调整林分的结构,提高其物种多样性,增强林分自身的抗虫能力.     

伊克昭盟地区林木害虫调查

通过调查研究，初步查明伊克昭盟地区林木害虫共有138种，隶属8目，43科，并对主要林木害虫的危害特点进行了观察，提出了防治策略。     

Monitoring managed forest structure at the compartment-level under different silvicultural heritages: An exploratory data analysis in Italy

ABSTRACT

The more and more diffused multifunctional role addressed nowadays to public forests, calls for targeted analysis aimed at highlighting the overall outcome of different practices implemented on the same forest compartment, according to the locally prevailing function. This study was carried out in four Italian beech forests across a latitudinal gradient representative of multiple management history, stand structure, and dominant stand age. We analyze forest structure at the compartment scale before and after silvicultural practices. We aim to explore relationships and similarities between 10 stand attributes (mensurational and structural variables) to identify relevant indicators for the monitoring and management of forest ecosystems. Results indicate changing patterns of correlation and similarity among mensurational variables following practice implementation. A sensitivity gradient to silvicultural practice was finally identified within the four sites investigated as a result of the diverging stand structure. Our approach suggests a way and provides an insight for the design of adaptive forestry management practices required to meet environmental targets, in addition to the already acknowledged supply of primary goods and services.     

用材林害虫管理经济阈值模式的研究

森林害虫是用材林的大敌。在森林害虫科学管理决策专家系统中 ,害虫危害的经济阈值是最重要的判别依据。该文通过大量的调查 ,系统的研究和实际检测 ,确定了食叶害虫种群控制、蛀干害虫种群控制和树干韧皮部害虫营林防治经济阈值模式     

Using Virus to Restore and Construct Stable Forest Ecosystem for Pest Insects Control

Using the viruses to sustainable control forest pest insects were reviewed in this paper. And the status of forest pest insects and bio-control technique in China were introduced. The criterion of stable ecological system and the methods of restoration and construction were also analyzed. Meanwhile, the experiment in which 4 species of insect viruses were used and successfully control the forest pest insects persistently indicate that the insect viruses play an important role in restoring and constructing stable forest ecology system.     

多功能森林经营:理论与实践

开展森林经营是提高中国森林质量的根本举措。阐述了森林经营的定义、意义、基本原则、分类和森林作业法,介绍了近自然林业的基本理论和森林抚育的主要措施。     

辽阳县森林昆虫资源调查报告

2003~2007年,对辽阳县森林昆虫资源进行了普查,结果表明:我县森林昆虫共有18个目166科1337种,其中:天敌昆虫262种,占森林昆虫总数的19.6%;重要害虫25种,占总数的1.9%。明确了不同林分类型中的主要害虫种类和捕食性、寄生性天敌昆虫种类。     

Response of arthropod biodiversity to foundation species declines: The case of the eastern hemlock

Widespread declines of foundation species, such as many corals, kelps, and overstory trees, are of grave concern because, by definition, these species create and maintain habitat that supports other species. Nevertheless, past responses to their declines, many of which were caused by invasive species, have been late and ineffective, underscoring the need to predict changes in biodiversity and ecosystem function associated with species invasions and foundation species losses. One predictive, but under-used, approach is to compare the species and functions associated with the afflicted foundation species to its projected replacement communities. The taxa associated with the foundation species and subsequent successional stages would be expected to decline and increase, respectively. We used this approach to generate hypotheses for how arthropod diversity might change in response to extensive losses of eastern hemlock trees caused by the invasive, hemlock woolly adelgid (insect: Hemiptera, Adelgidae). Our all-strata survey of the arthropods in an eastern hemlock forest and its expected replacement climax community in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States, mixed hardwood forest, suggests that eastern hemlock losses might initiate increases in arthropod abundance, alpha diversity, and 23 arthropod taxa, might produce no change in evenness or composition of arthropod functional groups, but might trigger decreases in beta diversity and seven hemlock indicator taxa. These predictions are consistent with observed trends in arthropod responses to hemlock losses in other studies, and thus might be useful for targeting early monitoring, management, and conservation efforts. This research is exploratory, however, and tests of these predictions across larger spatial scales will be necessary to determine the generality of the findings.     

人工林害虫的生态控制策略

森林害虫的科学管理必须考虑长远的经济效益和社会效益问题，只有对森林害虫进行生态控制才能达到森林可持续经营的目的。在人工林构建中，只有模拟天然林结构，从害虫栖息地抗虫林分结构出发，才能从根本上解决猖獗成灾问题。在对黑龙江省主要造林树种的天然抗虫结构、人工混交林和人工纯林的结构及害虫发生情况进行对比分析的基础上，提出了人工林害虫生态控制策略。     

森林害虫治理进展

文章系统论述了国内外近年来在森林害虫监测和治理方面的研究进展。在害虫监测上介绍了种群动态模型研究和地理信息系统应用，在害虫治理上介绍了各种治理策略及在营林技术、林木抗虫性、生物和化学防治上的具体进展。     

管理措施对毛竹林节肢动物群落害虫与天敌相互作用的影响

利用毛竹林节肢动物群落的系统调查资料,比较和分析长期垦复施肥、垦复、劈草、撂荒和化学除草5种管理措施下群落林下层和竹冠层的共有物种分布特征,以及害虫与天敌功能群的相互关系.结果表明:与撂荒林比较,其余管理措施因破坏了林下栖境而不同程度地减少了2个林层间的天敌共有物种,这些减少的共有物种多属于蜘蛛目和膜翅目天敌,从而削弱了林层间的天敌互补作用,不利于充分发挥其自然控害作用,是毛竹叶部害虫暴发的重要原因之一.因此,在各项管理措施实施时,适度保留部分林下植被,有助于竹林的丰产培育和强化群落的自然控害潜能.     

光肩星天牛的综合防治

光肩星天牛属于K对策昆虫,分布范围广,适生区域大,防治难,危害严重,常造成林木枯死或风折.根据其生活习性和生态特性,从营林措施、人工机械防治、生物防治、化学防治等角度,探讨了光肩星天牛的综合防治策略.     

Loblolly -- the pine for the twenty-first century

Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) was a minor component of the vast natural forests of the southern United States before the region was settled by immigrants. Extensive planting and natural regeneration of cutover forest land and abandoned farmland between 1930 and 1990 made loblolly the leading timber species in the United States. It now predominates on 13.4 million ha (45 percent) of the commercial forest land in the southern United States (between latitudes 28° N and 39° N and longitudes 75° W and 97° W) and directly or indirectly provides 110,000 jobs and $30 billion to the economy of the region. The extreme versatility of loblolly has also provided important environmental contributions to most southern states. These include landscape beautification, erosion control, soil amelioration, excellent wildlife habitat, and outstanding recreational opportunities. Incorporating existing pest management strategies into silvicultural systems can produce substantial and long-lasting insect and disease control with little cost or physical effort. Introductions of loblolly into numerous countries around the world (especially China, Brazil, and Argentina) have proven to be very successful, environmentally sound, and commercially profitable. In some locations, loblolly grows much faster than on sites of similar quality in the southern United States.     

嘉兴市生态公益林病虫害为害状况及防治对策

通过对嘉兴市生态公益林病虫害种类、为害部位及危害程度等调查,初步摸清嘉兴市生态公益林现有常见森林病虫害44种(其中虫害37种、病害7种),对主要病虫害进行了简介,并提出了防治对策.