葡萄籽原花青素对欧洲鳗鲡生长及机体抗氧化能力影响的初步研究

试验研究了饲料中添加葡萄籽原花青素(GSPs)对循环水养殖模式下,欧洲鳗鲡生长及机体抗氧化能力的影响。将选别后规格为7 P的4口欧洲鳗鲡精养池,随机分为2组,分别投喂基础饲料(对照组)和基础饲料+600 mg/kg葡萄籽原花青素的试验饲料(试验组),每组2个重复,每口池欧洲鳗鲡平均重(672.75±5.54) kg,试验期为105 d。与对照组相比,饲料中添加葡萄籽原花青素可显著提高欧洲鳗鲡的增重率和特定生长率,降低饲料系数(P0.05);提高血清中的VE水平(P0.05);肝脏总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性显著升高(P0.05),丙二醛(MDA)含量降低(P0.05)。试验结果表明,饲料中添加葡萄籽原花青素可以在一定程度上促进欧洲鳗鲡的生长,改善机体抗氧化能力。     

几种环保型饲料添加剂对欧洲鳗鲡消化酶活性的影响

选取健康均匀的欧洲鳗苗1000尾,分为5组,每组2个重复,分别在基础料中添加4种环保型饲料添加剂,分析了4种环保型饲料添加剂对欧洲鳗鲡消化酶活性的影响。结果表明,1号饲料添加剂对于提高欧洲鳗鲡消化酶整体效果最好,对中草药原料的配伍进行选择优化,适当添加半胱胺,能显著提高欧洲鳗鲡幼鱼消化酶活性。     

日粮中添加几丁质、葡糖胺和纤维素对鱼生长的影响

本文研究了日粮中添加几丁质、葡糖胺和纤维素对真鯛、日本鳗鲡和莱兰(鱼师)生长的影响。添加10％的几丁质,所有鱼都生长较快,具有较高价值,且能提高真鯛和日本鳗鱺的饲料效率.添加10％的葡糖胺,所有鱼生长速度最慢,说明葡糖胺限制了鱼对基础日粮的消化和吸收作用。添加10％的纤维     

蝇蛆抗菌肽对日本鳗鲡生长性能的影响

为了研究蝇蛆抗菌肽对日本鳗鲡生长性能及其成活率的影响,本文以日本鳗鲡幼鳗为研究对象,以鳗鲡基础日粮的普通粉料为对照组,对日本鳗鲡幼鳗的成活率、生长速度、相对增重率和饲料系数进行了比较分析。结果显示:试验期内实验组和对照组饲料系数分别为1.24和1.57,相对增重率分别为(193.6±8.74)%和(238.05±9.42)%,相比对照组,试验组成活率提高了9.13%,生长速度提高了22.9%以上,饵料系数降低了21%。试验结果表明:蝇蛆抗菌肽可显著提高日本鳗鲡的生长性能(P0.05),降低养殖成本,不失为日本鳗鲡饲料的一种优质蛋白添加剂。     

鳗鲡饲料中动物性蛋白含量对日本鳗鲡生长的影响

日本鳗鲡(Anguilla japanca)是一种名贵的经济鱼类。日本鳗鲡(简称鳗鲡)在天然环境下为杂食性,在人工饲养条件下则以人工配合饲料为食。目前生产的鳗鲡饲料,是根据鳗鲡的营养需要而配制的高蛋白饲料。鳗鲡生长快,但饲料中进口鱼粉含量多,生产成本高。如能降低进口鱼粉的用量,又不影响鳗鲡的生长速度,则可降低饲料成本,提高饲养     

饲料中添加丁酸梭菌对日本鳗鲡肠道形态结构的影响

试验以商业饲料为对照组,试验组在商业饲料中添加1‰的丁酸梭菌,通过30 d的养殖试验,研究丁酸梭菌对日本鳗鲡前肠、中肠和后肠形态结构的影响。结果显示：添加丁酸梭菌后,前肠[(32.17±0.32）个],中肠[（29.42±0.21）个]和后肠[（37.50±0.21）个]的黏膜褶皱数量显著增加,分别提高了22.23%、9.49%、20%(P <0.05);前肠[（669.56±54.32）μm],中肠[（639.60±19.20）μm]及后肠[（472.70±93.23）μm]黏膜褶皱高度显著增高,分别提高了34.91%、77.77%、109.35%(P <0.05);与对照组相比,前肠、中肠及后肠的肌层厚度显著增厚,分别提增加了76.79%、58.74%、128.14%(P <0.05),杯状细胞数量增加显著,分别提高了54.77%、66.15%、73.18%(P <0.05)。结果表明,饲料中添加丁酸梭菌能明显改善日本鳗鲡肠道形态结构,促进日本鳗鲡生长。     

l-肉碱对日本鳗鲡生长性能的影响

研究了日粮中添加 l-肉碱对日本鳗鲡生长性能的影响。添加浓度为200ppm,400ppm 的试验组较不添加肉碱的对照组绝对体增重分别增加了68%和28%;饲料增重比分别降低8%和10%;肉碱浓度为200ppm 的日粮较400ppm 的具有更好的生长性能。     

饲料中添加表面活性素对花鳗鲡(Anguilla marmorata)僵苗的脱僵效果研究

为研究饲料中添加表面活性素对花鳗鲡僵苗的影响,试验将640尾初始体重为(3.00±0.02)g的花鳗鲡僵苗,随机分为4个处理,分别投喂基础饲料(对照组),以及表面活性素添加水平为25、50 mg/kg和100 mg/kg的试验饲料。每个处理4个重复,每个重复40尾鱼。试验期为70 d。试验结果表明,与对照组相比,饲料中添加表面活性素可显著改善花鳗鲡僵苗的增重率和脱僵率(P0.05),对已脱僵鳗苗增重效果更加明显,25 mg/kg添加水平组的试验末重、增重率和脱僵率最高。建议在花鳗鲡僵苗饲料中添加25 mg/kg的表面活性素。     

鱼粉替代品对鳗鲡生长性能、胴体成分及免疫的影响

本试验从生长发育、血清学、非特异性免疫反应方面探讨了鱼粉替代品作为鳗鲡饲料的蛋白原料的可行性。试验分为5组,每组3个重复,每个重复5条鱼[平均初始体重(119.60±0.97)g],试验日粮中分别以0、10、20、30和40%的鱼粉替代品代替鱼粉,试验共进行10周。结果显示:对照组、10%和20%鱼粉替代品组较30%和40%鱼粉替代品组显著提高鳗鲡增速(P 0.05);40%鱼粉替代品组较对照组和10%鱼粉替代品组显著降低了饲料效率(P 0.05);40%鱼粉替代品组外形指数显著低于30%组(P 0.05)。40%鱼粉替代品组水分较对照组显著降低(P 0.05)。对照组血清甘油三酯含量最低(P 0.05),而40%鱼粉替代品组较对照组、10和20%组显著提高血清甘油三酯含量(P 0.05)。结论 :综合生长性能、体成分和血清指标,试验回归分析得出鳗鲡日粮中鱼粉替代品的适宜添加水平为15.4%～20%。     

谷氨酰胺对鲤鱼生长性能和饲料利用的影响

试验选择1500尾幼建鲤鱼,随机分为3组,每组3个重复,分别在基础饲料中添加0、0.3%和0.8%的丙氨酰-谷氨酰胺(Ala-Gln),饲养8周,探讨Ala-Gln对鲤鱼生长性能和饲料利用的影响。结果表明:当饲料Ala-Gln水平为0.3%时,特定生长率、平均增重率和蛋白质效率均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),但当Ala-Gln水平为0.8%时,特定生长率、平均增重率和蛋白质效率与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05),但显著低于0.3%的饲料添加组(P<0.05);饲料系数的变化趋势与之相反。当Ala-Gln添加水平为0.3%时,幼建鲤的增重和饲料利用率达到最高水平,当饲料中Ala-Gln的添加水平为0.8%时,幼建鲤的增重和饲料利用率下降。在本试验条件下,幼建鲤饲料中添加0.3%的Ala-Gln可促进其生长和饲料利用。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.