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鱼类的规格分选与起捕销售是网箱养殖生产中的重要环节.以往的手工操作不仅费时、费力,而且由于鱼类转移速度缓慢以及操作过程中对鱼体的损伤和对鱼群的惊吓等,还会带来较高的死亡率.随着我国大型深水抗风浪网箱养殖的发展,这一问题日显突出.本文介绍了国外几种典型深水网箱养殖鱼类的大小分级与起捕的方法,总结我国大型深水网箱养殖鱼类分级与起捕设备的研究进展.研制的柔性格栅式分级装置不仅具有可折叠、操作方便和不损伤鱼体等特点,而且通过更换不同间隙的分离栅,可实现鱼类大小的多级分离.海上分级试验表明,经10min分级,允许逃逸的小个体鱼类的平均分离率可达90.3%;研制的真空活鱼起捕机可实现鱼类的快速转移,最大起捕个体可达1.5kg,且对鱼体无损伤,在鱼水比例为1:1的情况下,活鱼起捕量可达20t/h. 相似文献
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扣蟹的起捕时间和起捕方法孙建富张玉满,于静(大连水产学院)(盘锦顺达实业集团总公司)关键词:扣蟹,起捕时间河蟹人工育苗技术上的突破,使河蟹人工养殖也随之迅速发展起来。由于北方的地理条件和气候特点,辽河流域地区多以养殖扣蟹为主,扣蟹养殖又是河蟹养殖业的... 相似文献
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对虾养成阶段仅几个月,而养虾准备工作自收虾后到翌年放苗之前却长达半年有余,其中清塘除害是一个重要生产环节。清塘目的在于彻底清除虾塘内一切不利于对虾生活和生长的因素,其内容包括清底和除害两个方面,具体是:1)灭杀害鱼和其他能直接危及对虾生命的捕食性动物;2)清除争饵、争氧、争水体的竞争性生物;3)清除致病生物,灭杀潜伏性病原体;4)清除丝状藻类和水草;5)消灭破坏虾塘设施的有害生物;6)铲除池底有机沉积物。1 清淤 虾塘中的残饵、对虾排泄物、动物的尸体、有机碎屑、死亡的藻类、枯死的水草以及沉积的泥沙等是形成淤泥的基础,也是造成虾塘老化和低产的原因之一。大量有机沉积物在冬季分解很慢,翌年水温升高后便大量分解,既消耗大量溶解氧,又产生各种有毒物质,轻则 相似文献
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夏季捕鱼因处在高温季节,因此出鱼也叫捕“热水鱼”。在夏季多次出鱼,对于提高池塘的经济效益具有十分重要的作用。下面介绍对起捕草鱼、鲫鱼、鲤鱼等中下层鱼的几种可行的轮捕方法。1.拉围网在起捕前鱼停食一天,起捕时,少量投食5~15分钟,将吃食性鱼引诱在食场中。清理好拉网,并沿食场围住,再收紧网具。由于白鲢较少靠近食场,这样可以避免白鲢大量入网、撞伤后引起鱼死亡。当网拉拢靠岸后,应在深水区拣鱼,分拣时,将上纲稍微沉入水中,让白鲢和小规格鱼游出网外,分拣时要迅速、准确,不要用手掐鱼,特别是不要掐鱼鳃。2.定置张… 相似文献
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活鱼箱长途运输活鱼效益的研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
活鱼箱长途运输活鱼效益的研究朱双喜(荆州地区长湖水产管理处)用活鱼箱长途运输活鱼,是目前水产品运销中一门新兴行业。其因能适应市场需求,经济效益高,导致活鱼长途运输队伍不断壮大。然而在实际运输作业中往往由于某个技术环节处理不当,极易造成较大的经济损失。... 相似文献
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Mesut Yilmaz 《Aquaculture Research》2020,51(7):3025-3036
Metal pressure under farm conditions was examined on the gill and muscle tissues of farmed Sparus aurata and compared with their wild counterparts (Sparus aurata, Trachurus trachurus, Mullus barbatus). Al, Mn, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn accumulation amounts in gill tissue of farmed fish were 28.821, 37.620, 0.136, 0.300, 3.730, 2.441, 3.222, 2.474 and 127.494 mg/kg respectively. Among them, Cd, Cr, Cu and Pb concentrations in gill tissue of farmed fish were higher than that in wild fishes. Metal depositions in muscle tissue of farmed fish were far below that in the gill tissue. The accumulated Al (6.700 mg/kg) in the muscle tissue of farmed fish was higher than in wild ones. The results showed that metal accumulation levels (especially Cd, Cr, Cu and Pb) in the gill tissue of farmed fish indicate metal pressure under captive conditions. Furthermore, the calculated hazard index (HI) and total hazard index (THI) of the considered elements in the edible part of farmed fish were below the level considered safe, which elucidates that farmed fish do not pose any threat to the human consumer in terms of metal toxicity. 相似文献
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沉积环境对鱼类网箱养殖的响应 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
网箱养殖是鱼类集约化养殖的主要方式,近年来得到大力发展,但是网箱养殖也带来诸多的环境问题。本文从沉积环境改变的角度阐述了网箱养殖对环境的影响,包括底层水环境要素、底质理化环境要素和底栖生物环境要素对网箱养殖的响应,并探讨了有机负荷的消减对策。网箱养殖区水环境中溶解氧(DO)通常下降,而化学耗氧量(COD)、氨氮(NH4-N)和无机磷(D IP)增多;底泥沉积物中N、P、硫化物、有机质等大量富集,其中富集现象最明显的是P、硫化物和NH4-N,其次是总氮(TN)和有机质;一般情况下,网箱养殖区底栖生物尤其是多毛类增加,而当污染严重时,会使底栖生物缺失。有机负荷的消减对策包括收集残饵粪便等沉积物、利用生物方法去除有机碎屑和加强养殖管理提高饲料利用率等。 相似文献
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本文分析比较了4种淡水网箱养鱼方式的能量效益。网箱养非鲫的能量转化效率极显著地(P<0.01)大于网箱养鲤成鱼、鲤鱼种,后两者又极显著地(P<0.01)大于网箱培育鲢、鳙鱼种。网箱养非鲫的能量生产力最高,达2.50兆焦/米~2·天,养鲤成鱼、鲤鱼种、鲢鳙鱼种的次之,分别为1.20、0.99及0.31兆焦/米~2·天,为池塘养鱼能量生产力的16~130倍。 相似文献
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Two mitochondrial genotypes have been described for Caligus elongatus Nordmann in Norway. This article reports on the distribution of C. elongatus mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase 1 genotypes from wild fish hosts from the SE Norwegian coast. For comparison, lice from areas with fish farming were included in the study. The genotype distribution of 841 lice from wild coastal (n = 535), wild North Sea pelagic (n = 26), farmed (n = 160) and wild hosts in areas of fish farming (n = 89) is presented. The genotype frequencies of C. elongatus on wild coastal hosts varied significantly between spring and autumn. Lice from these fish show a large proportion of genotype 1 lice in March-June every year. Genotype 2 lice were found more frequently in autumn. Genotype 1 was clearly associated with the lumpfish, Cyclopterus lumpus L. The genotype frequency appeared to be different in areas with aquaculture. Caligus elongatus from farmed fish and wild fish caught close to Atlantic salmon fish farms in Norway were predominantly genotype 1 in autumn. Genotypes of C. elongatus on the SE coast of Norway vary according to season and fish species. Factors involved in the encounter between fish and lice are important for the establishment of lice on their hosts. 相似文献
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根据物料平衡规律,通过对鱼苗至成鱼养殖过程中增加的总氮、总磷、铜、锌含量及养殖期间投喂饵料中总氮、总磷、铜、锌含量的检测,估算获得残饵中总氮、总磷、铜、锌含量,以此来估算进入水环境中总氮、总磷、铜、锌含量。研究结果显示,合成纤维网衣网箱养殖过程中残饵中总氮、总磷、铜、锌相对投喂饵料的比值分别为12.5%、22.5%、21.3%、33.1%,金属网衣网箱养殖过程中残饵中总氮、总磷、铜、锌相对投喂饵料的比值分别为4.5%、9.7%、-11.4%、28.8%。表明金属网衣网箱养殖对水环境的影响要小于合成纤维网衣网箱养殖。 相似文献
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Kelp is not only a kind of food of sea vegetable for human, but also widely used as raw materials in processing food, chemical engineering, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. In China kelp is generally planted on floating raft by using horizontal kelp rope cultivation method and often harvested manually. Harvesting kelp by hand is a difficult process with low production efficiency and high labor intensity. In this paper, a harvesting machine was developed for floating raft culture of kelp. It consists of mainly two locomotion modules, a collection/transmission module and a power module. The structure and working mechanism of this machine was presented and analyzed in detail. The tests of experiments were conducted as well with the developed machine. The manual harvest efficiency is 16.7%; however the mechanized harvest efficiency average value is 35.8%. The harvest time could be reduced by half if the company takes the same people to work. It is proven that the design of the machine is feasible. 相似文献
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大鹏澳海水鱼类网箱养殖对水环境的影响 总被引:9,自引:3,他引:9
根据2001~2002年对大亚湾大鹏澳海水鱼类网箱养殖海域水环境的监测资料,分析讨论了网箱养殖对水环境的影响。结果表明,该海域水环境质量较好,除夏季溶解氧(DO)和春季的硫化物浓度超第二类海水水质标准情况较严重外(超标率均为62.5%),其他水环境因子一般不超标。养殖区DO和叶绿素a(Chla)浓度均显著低于对照区(t-test,P<0.05),而NH4-N和PO4-P浓度则一般高于对照区,其他水环境因子的空间分布差异不大。海水CODMn、BOD5和硫化物主要与网箱养鱼生产季节性强的特点有关;而水温、盐度、透明度、悬浮物、DO和pH的季节变化主要受控于大亚湾亚热带季风气候,NO2-N、NO3-N、DIN、PO4-P和SiO4-Si等营养因子的季节变化主要受降雨和浮游植物的影响,Chla的季节变化则主要受水温和N:P比的影响,与网箱养鱼的关系并不明显。 相似文献
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从鱼糜下脚料中提取鱼油的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
研究以金线鱼和长蛇鲻的混合鱼糜生产下脚料为材料,利用钾法提取鱼油。结果表明,钾法提取鱼油的工艺参数为水解pH为7.5,水解温度70℃,水解时间55min,硝酸钾用量4.5%,盐析时间30min,在该条件下鱼油的提取率达到64.5%。鱼油的理化性质达到了SC/T3502-2000标准粗鱼油的二级要求。鱼油中饱和脂肪酸的含量较高,占总量的48.59%;单不饱和脂肪酸和多不饱和脂肪酸的含量相当,分别为24.48%和24.49%,多不饱和脂肪酸主要是DHA和EPA,含量分别为11.18%和5.17%。 相似文献