云杉八齿小蠹的风险分析报告

云杉八齿小蠹可危害多种云杉。危害初期幼虫在寄主树干坑道内取食,树皮生长正常,针叶颜色正常;危害中期被害树干上可见小蠹羽化孔,树皮较易剥离,针叶开始变色;严重危害时被害树干树皮极易剥落,皮下可见小蠹和幼虫,或树木枯死,对云杉和木材生产造成一定程度的危害。通过对云杉八齿小蠹的风险分析,其风险评估值R=1.85,在我国属中度危险的林业有害生物。     

聚集激素防治云杉八齿小蠹技术的研究

云杉八齿小蠹是云杉的重要蛀干害虫,它不仅危害云杉新伐木和衰弱木,还危害健康木,轻者林木生长和结实受影响,重者活立木成片死亡,伐倒木脱皮腐烂变色。为了控制该虫泛滥,从德国引进聚集激素,开展了激素诱捕实验。经过1988～1989年两年试验和近两年的大面积使用证明,选用塑料膜制的诱捕器,效果好,制作使用运输方便,并可重复使用,成本低,不杀伤天敌,无负作用,是当前防治蛀干害虫的有效方法。     

云杉八齿小蠹的扬飞与物候观测

采用物候期与信息素监测相结合的方法,研究了云杉八齿小蠹的扬飞规律。结果表明:林间云杉八齿小蠹成虫开始活动时,忍冬和紫丁香的花蕾出现、接骨木和东北茶藨子进入开花初期、蒲公英处于开花盛期;当榆叶梅进入开花初期、紫丁香进入开花盛期时林间虫口密度达到最高,是信息素诱集防治的最佳时机;当接骨木进入开花盛期时,整个扬飞期结束。     

云杉八齿小蠹在云杉内寄生为害期有效积温的测定

对云杉八齿小蠹寄生为害期有效积温的研究结果表明：云杉八齿小蠹自成虫蛀入寄主树皮下时开始至下一代新羽化的第1头成虫羽化后扬飞时止,其有效积温为195.415日度±10日度,发育起点温度为18.294℃±0.2℃,平均历时50.2 d。     

应用性信息素监测与防治云杉八齿小蠹

监测和防治试验结果表明:用性信息素诱杀云杉八齿小蠹效果显著,防治效果可靠,诱杀持续时间长、具有经济、安全、无抗性等特点。防治效果可达90.9%。     

云杉八齿小蠹人工防治技术

云杉八齿小蠹（Ips typographus L．）。分布于黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、内蒙古等地。主要危害红皮云杉和落叶松等针叶树种,该害虫在其被害树干的韧皮部里筑坑穴进行繁殖和危害,植物被害后叶呈深黄褐色或深红褐色,叶子呈萎蔫状并下垂,严重时受害植株树液分泌停止,造成植株生长缓慢,慢慢枯死,虫害大发生时可导致树木成片死亡。     

云杉八齿小蠹对寄主、非寄主植物的嗅觉反应及发生机理

通过云杉八齿小蠹对植物挥发性化合物的嗅觉行为反应测试的结果表明:冷杉挥发物对云杉八齿小蠹有驱避作用;采用GC-MS方法在云杉和非寄主冷杉的挥发物中分析鉴定出28种化合物,在冷杉挥发物中鉴定出18种化合物,在云杉挥发物中鉴定出14种,同时发现非寄主挥发性化合物包括萜烯类、酯类、醛类、醇类和烃类5类物质,并以萜烯类化合物居...     

云杉八齿小蠹体内外和坑道内真菌多样性初步研究

2009年8月在黑龙江丰林国家级保护区云杉八齿小蠹危害的红皮云杉林内,对云杉八齿小蠹体内外和坑道内真菌进行了分离.研究结果表明,黑龙江丰林国家级自然保护区内云杉八齿小蠹体内外和坑道内栖息真菌多样性比较丰富,获得真菌13属26种,其中Alternaria、Fusarium、Hypocrea、Ophiostoma、Peni...     

落叶松八齿小蠹化学防治技术的研究

落叶松八齿小蠹卵、幼虫、蛹、成虫产卵及补充营养期均在落叶松皮内度过，仅在寻找寄主、越冬等阶段在皮外度过。根据该虫生物学的这些特性，我们分别研究筛选了杀皮内药剂、驱避药剂和杀越冬成虫药剂。结果表明，利用５０％氟氯菊脂、２０％的菊马乳油、８０％ＤＤＶ等药剂杀皮内小蠹虫效果均达９０％以上；利用敌百虫等药剂杀越冬等暴露在外的成虫效果可达１００％；利用速灭杀丁、一扫光等药剂驱避效果５天内可达１００％，至３０天仍可达７０％以上。１９９４—１９９５两年结合营林共防治５７０ｈｍ２，挽回经济损失达２９４．８０万元。     

云杉八齿小蠹化学生态的研究进展(鞘翅目,小蠹科)

本文对云杉八齿小蠹化学生态的研究进展进行了综述。云杉八齿小蠹在中欧的大面积爆发激发了广大林业科学工作者对其化学生态学的广泛研究。在寻找寄主的过程中,雄性找到寄主后释放化学信息物质吸引雄性和雌性的聚集。开始发起进攻的小蠹在找寻寄主的过程中能利用寄主树脂作为利己素,并能够在体内解毒后合成可被利用的化学信息物质。在云杉八齿小蠹雄性的中肠中,我们发现9种单萜类化合物,主要是反式马鞭草烯醇和2-甲基3-己烯2-醇,这两种物质被认为是云杉八齿小蠹聚集信息素的主要成分。小蠹二烯醇的含量虽然很低但是能显著提高马鞭草烯醇和2-甲基3-己烯2-醇的野外诱集作用。马鞭草烯酮和小蠹烯醇是反聚集信息素,在调节攻击密度和树皮下的种群密度的过程中起着重要的作用。本文主要综述了寄主抗性、信息素成分和小蠹虫行为之间的关系。野外生测的结果证明利用信息素防治云杉八齿小蠹是行之有效的防治方法。     

Genetic differentiation between local populations of Ips typographus in the high Tatra Mountains range

Many studies have addressed the question of dispersal potential of Ips typographus, however the approach of molecular ecology have been used only in a few of them. Moreover, none of them has done it on fine scale of just one mountain range. Molecular analysis using a set of six polymorphic microsatellite markers was applied in this study. Adult beetles of I. typographus collected in 22 localities of the High Tatra Mountains were used for the study of genetic differentiation between rapidly expanded local populations of bark beetles after windstorm calamities in spruce stands. Almost none genetic differentiation among local populations or among larger spatial units has been revealed. Analyses did not indicate isolation of populations by distance or formation of population structure. This suggests high potential of I. typographus to disperse over large distances and even the possibility to overcome high mountains ridges.     

Fungi associated with the spruce bark beetle Ips typographus in an endemic area in Norway

To investigate the fungal flora associated with the spruce bark beetle Ips typographus in an endemic area, beetles were collected during the flight period in six locations in Tr?ndelag, Norway. The beetles were inoculated into fresh Norway spruce logs, and the frequency of different species was monitored by fungal isolation from bark and wood. The most common species were Ophiostoma bicolor, O. penicillatum, O. polonicum and a previously undescribed Graphium species, the same species which were the most important associates of I. Typographus in an epidemic area in southeastern Norway. The frequency of the primary invader, O. polonicum, was, however, lower in Tr?ndelag, which may indicate that this species is less frequent in endemic areas than in epidemic areas.     

Retention of wind-felled trees and the risk of consequential tree mortality by the European spruce bark beetle Ips typographus in Finland

Abstract

Autumn storms felled about 7 million m³ of forest in southern Finland in 2001. Windthrow area and timber characteristics, as well as numbers of standing spruce trees attacked and killed by Ips typographus, were recorded in 61 Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.]-dominated windthrow areas. Generalized linear models were used to identify significant variables predicting the risk for consequential tree mortality by I. typographus. None of the windthrow areas with fewer than 20 wind-felled spruce trees (WFS) (n=28) and only half of the areas with 20 or more WFS (n=33) harboured trees killed by I. typographus during the years 2003–2005. The quantity and diameter of WFS and the basal area of recently dead standing spruce trees correlated positively with the risk of tree deaths. This study indicates that in Finland, at endemic I. typographus population levels, it is safe to leave fewer than 20 WFS in managed forests. Retention of even larger quantities of trees does not seem to evoke significant numbers of consequential tree deaths by I. typographus in managed forests. However, in stands where the natural mortality of spruce trees is high, the risks of consequential tree deaths after wind disturbance will also be higher.     

Repression of Ips typographus Infestations in Stored Logs by Semiochemicals

Logs of fresh‐felled Norway spruce were stored close to the south‐facing edges of clear‐cuts from the previous winter and treated with controlled release formulation of: 1. The pheromone components verbenone and ipsenol, which act as antiaggregative pheromone in Ips typographus. 2. Turpentine, a by‐product derived from pulp mills. The experiments were conducted in 3 locations in South‐Norway during a 3‐year period. All experiments show that treatments with a combination of verbenone and ipsenol released from laminated structure dispensers significantly reduced the attack density of I. typographus, whereas turpentine treatment had no effect on the rate of beetle infestations.     

金钟藤在中国的风险性分析

金钟藤(Merremia boisiana)2005年被我国列为林业有害生物名单。根据国际植物检疫措施标准(International Standards for Phytosaanitary Measures,ISPM)规定的有害生物风险性分析(pest risk analysis,PRA)程序,文章从国内外分布情况、传入定植和扩散可能性、潜在危害性、受害对象的重要性、危险性管理难度5个方面对金钟藤在我国的风险性进行定性、定量分析,其综合风险值R为1.9,为中度危险,符合检疫性有害生物的条件。