银杏外种皮提取物对植物种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

以萝卜和黄瓜种子为试验材料,研究了不同质量浓度的银杏外种皮提取物溶液对2种植物种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:提取物溶液在一定质量浓度范围内对萝卜、黄瓜种子萌发及幼苗生长具有显著抑制作用。当质量浓度20~100 g/L时对萝卜种子萌发具有显著的抑制作用,0.1~100 g/L时对萝卜根、茎生长显著抑制;当质量浓度0.02~25 g/L时对黄瓜种子萌发、根生长具有显著的抑制作用。     

紫茎泽兰植株不同部位及浓度的水提液对蓝桉种子萌发和幼苗生长的化感效应

为探讨紫茎泽兰不同部位水提液对蓝桉的化感作用,用紫茎泽兰植株的鲜叶、花、枯叶、茎和根的不同浓度水提液对蓝桉种子进行处理.结果表明,花和鲜叶水提液对蓝桉种子的萌发和幼苗生长的抑制作用远大于枯叶、茎和根的水提液.浓度为0.067 g/mL时,对花和鲜叶的水提液来说,几乎是蓝桉种子萌发和幼苗生长的致死浓度,此浓度的枯叶、茎和根水提液对蓝桉种子萌发和幼苗生长有很强的抑制作用,导致发芽量明显下降及幼苗在形态上发生明显变形;浓度为0.020 g/mL时,花和鲜叶水提液对蓝桉种子萌发及幼苗生长仍有很强的抑制作用,表现在发芽量明显下降及幼苗明显变形,而枯叶、茎和根水提液对蓝桉种子萌发和幼苗生长的抑制作用明显下降,甚至有促进作用,幼苗变形已大为减轻.浓度为0.005 g/mL时,不同部位的水提液对蓝桉种子萌发及幼苗生长的抑制作用进一步下降,而促进作用增强,幼苗已能正常生长.     

南方红豆杉叶浸提液对小麦种子萌发与幼苗生长的影响

采用滤纸培养皿法研究了南方红豆杉叶浸提液对小麦种子萌发与幼苗生长的影响。研究结果发现,红豆杉叶浸提液对小麦种子的萌发和幼苗生长存在不同程度的抑制作用。低浓度的南方红豆杉浸提液促进小麦种子的萌发,高浓度浸提液抑制小麦种子的萌发。当浸提液浓度为6g/mL时,小麦种子的萌发率达到最高。南方红豆杉叶浸提液对小麦幼苗根系生长产生显著抑制作用。随着浸提液浓度的升高,小麦须根的长度逐渐下降,但不定根的数目逐渐增加。当浸提液的浓度为10g/mL时,根长抑制率达到42.48%。方差分析结果表明,南方红豆杉叶浸提液对小麦的根生长产生显著的抑制作用。对小麦幼苗的茎生长、根的生物量和茎的生物量均表现为低浓度的浸提液促进茎的生长和生物量的增加,高浓度浸提液则抑制茎的生长和生物量增加。研究结果表明,南方红豆杉浸提液表现低浓度时促进种子的萌发、须根数目的增加、茎的生物及生物量的增加,高浓度时则产生一定的抑制作用,而对根长的生长表现为显著的抑制作用。     

云南蓝果树对种子萌发及幼苗生长的自毒效应

云南蓝果树为中国特有极度濒危一级保护植物,为探讨云南蓝果树濒危机理并进行有效保护,通过野外原位实验和室内受控实验相结合的方法,研究云南蓝果树对种子萌发及幼苗生长是否有自毒效应。结果表明:野外条件下,云南蓝果树的种子萌发受野外枯枝落叶和自身种皮的显著抑制;室内受控实验发现,云南蓝果树的根、茎、叶和种皮浸提液对种子萌发都有不同程度的显著抑制作用,其中,根的抑制作用最强(80.90%),种皮的抑制作用最弱(13.59%),而且云南蓝果树的根、茎、叶浸提液和根际土壤对幼苗生长(株高、叶片数和生物量)也表现出显著的抑制作用。     

油茶水浸液对桔梗种子的化感效应

以蕲春出产的桔梗种子为材料,研究了不同浓度油茶水浸液对桔梗种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响.结果表明:油茶水浸液可以在一定程度上促进桔梗种子的萌发和幼苗的生长.油茶水浸液对桔梗种子萌发的化感促进作用随着浓度的增加逐渐减弱,甚至表现为抑制作用.在较低浓度范围内油茶水浸液对桔梗幼苗根、茎生长均表现为促进作用,最适于桔梗种子萌发和幼苗生长的油茶水浸液浓度为0.010 g/mL.     

华山姜浸提液对杉木种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

为探讨杉木林下种植华山姜潜在的化感作用，采用水浸提法，用华山姜不同器官、不同浓度浸提液进行杉木种子发芽试验，比较不同处理对杉木种子萌发和幼苗生长指标的影响。结果表明：华山姜果实浸提液对杉木种子萌发和幼苗生长指标均表现出低促高抑的规律；干叶片浸提液对杉木种子萌发和幼苗生长指标均表现出抑制作用；新鲜叶片浸提液对杉木种子萌发和幼苗生长指标均无显著影响；根浸提液对杉木种子发芽率和发芽指数及幼苗叶片生长有促进作用，对幼苗茎生长有抑制作用，对幼苗根生长影响不显著。表明华山姜不同器官浸提液中具有化感活性物质，杉木林下种植华山姜时，需及时清理枯落叶、防止果实过度脱落并及时采摘。     

海南鹿角藤提取物对黄瓜的化感作用研究

通过种子萌发、幼苗生长和生理生化指标的测定,研究海南鹿角藤(Chonemorpha splendens)提取物对黄瓜(Cucumis sativus)的化感作用。结果表明氯仿萃取物对黄瓜种子萌发和幼苗生长的抑制作用最强,对黄瓜幼苗的茎和鲜重抑制活性较好,EC_(50)值分别为0.1286 mg/m L、0.1354 mg/m L,且黄瓜根、茎和鲜重的生长抑制作用随氯仿萃取物浓度的增大而增强。但黄瓜体内的叶绿素含量、可溶性蛋白质含量、根系活力和SOD酶活性随氯仿萃取物浓度的增大而降低。相反,POD酶活性和MDA的含量随氯仿萃取物浓度的增大而升高。由此表明,海南鹿角藤提取物对黄瓜具有明显的化感作用,该结果为选择鹿角藤的后茬作物具有指导意义。     

南果梨营养器官对农作物种子的他感作用试验

以南果梨的根、茎、叶营养器官作为供体材料,花生、玉米、大豆种子作为受体材料,研究林农复合生态系统南果梨营养器官对3种农作物种子的他感作用效果。结果表明:南果梨根浸提液对玉米种子萌发抑制效应最强,且浓度越高,抑制作用越明显;根浸提液对花生种子、大豆种子的萌发影响效果不明显。南果梨茎浸提液在高浓度下对玉米、大豆种子萌发有抑制效应;而在低浓度下则对玉米、大豆种子萌发无影响。茎对花生种子的萌发几乎无影响。南果梨叶浸提液对玉米、大豆种子萌发均表现为抑制效应,且浓度越高,抑制作用越强。构建南果梨农林复合系统应首选南果梨—花生模式。     

林窗与凋落物对人工云杉林早期更新的影响

为阐明林窗和凋落物对云杉人工林更新的作用,在川西米亚罗人工云杉林制造林窗(40m2)。通过对林窗环境因子进行动态监测,并跟踪调查天然下种、人工播种和去凋落物播种3种方式的云杉种子萌发和幼苗存活情况,以及进行云杉凋落物水浸液对其种子萌发及根、茎生长影响的室内观察,对林窗与凋落物对云杉种子萌发和幼苗存活的影响进行研究。结果表明:林窗环境具有异质性;林窗位置以及播种方式对种子萌发和幼苗存活都有影响,天然下种(2.75株·m-2)和去凋落物播种(21.25株·m-2)均在林窗中心幼苗萌发数量最多,人工播种(10.75株·m-2)在林窗边缘种子萌发数量多;靠近林窗中心位置幼苗死亡率略低;3种播种方式以天然下种种子萌发数量最少,去凋落物播种最多。云杉凋落物水浸液对其种子萌发和幼苗生长均有显著抑制作用,对根和茎生长的抑制率分别是68.62%和66.39%。初步认为,林窗有利于森林更新;可采取人工播种措施促进更新;凋落物对云杉人工林更新产生不利影响。     

秤锤树种子中发芽抑制物初步研究

对秤锤树(Sinojackia xylocarpa Hu)种子的种皮和种仁(含胚和胚乳)进行水浸提和甲醇浸提,分别测定了浸提液对白菜种子萌发的抑制效应,探讨了秤锤树种子中萌发抑制物质存在类型和存在部位.结果表明:秤锤树种子种皮和种仁的水浸提液对白菜种子发芽率和幼苗的高生长、根生长均无显著抑制作用(P>0.05),而其甲醇浸提液对白菜种子发芽率和幼苗的高生长、根生长有显著或极显著抑制作用(P<0.05或P<0.01),且随浸提液质量分数的增大,抑制作用逐渐增强;且种仁甲醇浸提液对白菜种子发芽和生长的抑制效应极显著(P<0.01)大于种皮甲醇浸提液.表明秤锤树种子的种皮和种仁均含有抑制种子萌发和幼苗生长的酯溶性物质,且该类物质主要贮藏在种仁中.     

Allelopathic effects of Lantana camara on germination and growth behavior of some agricultural crops in Bangladesh

An experiment was conducted to understand the growth inhibitory effects of aqueous extracts derived from Lantana camara L. （a globally recognized invasive alien weed） on six popular agricultural crops of Bangladesh. The test was conducted in sterilized petridishes with a photoperiod of 24 hours and an average temperature of 29℃. The effect of different concentrations ofL. camara leaf extracts were recorded and compared with control （i.e., distil water）. Result showed different concentrations of aqueous leaf extracts caused significant inhibitory effect on germination, root and shoot elongation and development of lateral roots of receptor crops. Bioassays also indicated that the inhibitory effect was proportional to the concentrations of the extracts and higher concentration had the stronger inhibitory effect whereas the lower concentration showed stimulatory effect in some cases. The inhibitory effect was much pronounced in root and lateral root development rather than shoot and germination.     

无瓣海桑对乡土红树植物的化感作用

以外来种无瓣海桑为供体,通过室内栽培实验探讨了无瓣海桑各器官水浸液的不同浓度(即0 1、0 2、0 3、0 4、0 5g·mL-1)对我国4个乡土红树植物的化感作用。结果表明:无瓣海桑对各乡土红树植物均存在化感作用,对胚轴萌发的影响大于对幼苗生长的影响;除最低浓度外,不同浓度的各器官水浸液均能明显抑制各乡土红树植物的萌发,且随着浓度增大抑制作用增强;所有水浸液均表现出高浓度下抑制幼苗生长,随着浓度的降低抑制作用减弱,甚至转为促进的规律;各器官的水浸液对各乡土红树植物的萌发和幼苗生长的抑制作用为:果>根>凋落叶;高浓度时,无瓣海桑的各器官水浸液对不同受体红树植物的幼苗生长抑制强度不同。     

Allelopathic effects of Leucaena leucocephala leaf litter on some forest and agricultural crops grown in nursery

An experiment was conducted to assess the effect of leaf litter of Leucaena leucocephala on two forest crops Sada koroi (Albizia procera), Ipil ipil (L. leucocephala) and three agricultural crops Falen (Vigna unguiculata), Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) and Arhor (Cajanus cajan) in the nursery of the Institute of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, Chittagong University, Bangladesh, in a Randomized Block Design. Results suggested that leaf litters of L. leucocephala induced inhibitory effects on germination and growth of bioassay. It was also found that the effect depended on concentration of extract and litterfall, type of receptor species. Higher concentration of the materials had the higher effect and vice versa. Growth response of receptor crops varied with the variation of leaf litter application. The study revealed that application of low-dose leaf litter specially litter of 10 g·m⁻² had stimulating effect on shoot growth of C. arietinum, V. unguiculata and A. procera. While in all other cases significant inhibitory effect was observed and it was significantly increased with the increase of leaf litter application. However, the trend of inhibition was uneven with treatments. Root growth was found to be more affected than shoot growth.     

银合欢落叶层对苗圃生长的森林一农田作物的他感作用(英文)

利用随机区组试验评估了孟加拉国吉大港大学苗圃内的银合欢落叶对森林作物种白格、黄金檀和农田作物种长豇豆、鹰嘴豆和木豆的他感作用。结果表明,凋落叶诱导抑制作物的萌发和生长,该抑制作用依赖于萃取物浓度、凋落物及受体物种类型。萃取物浓度越高则他感作用越强。受体植物的生长响应随应用的凋落叶而变化。低浓度(10g·m-2)凋落叶对农田作物嫩芽生长有促进作用,而其他浓度的凋落叶则呈现明显的抑制作用,施用的凋落叶浓度越大抑制作用也越大。但是不同处理所表现出的抑制趋势并不均一,根系生长受到的影响大于嫩芽。图3表4参34。     

Effects of sludge on germination and initial growth performance of Leucaena leucocephala seedlings in the nursery

A study was carried out to determine the influence of different types of sludges （municipal, industrial and residential） on field germination, growth and nodulation of L. leucocephala seedlings in the nursery. Before sowing of seeds, different combinations of sludges were incorporated with the nutrient deficient natural forest soils. Field germination, nodulation status and physical growth parameters of seedlings （shoot and root length, vigor index, collar diameter, leaf number, fresh and dry weight of shoot and root and total dry biomass increment） were recorded after three and six months of seed sowing. Field germination, nodulation status and growth parameters were varied significantly in the soil amended with sludges in comparison to control. The highest number of nodule was recorded from soil amended with residential sludge （ 1：1 ） and highest fresh and dry nodule weight was also found from the same combination in both three and six month old seedlings. In case of growth parameters, the highest growth was recorded from soil and residential sludge （ 1：1 ） combination compared to control. From the study, it can be recommended that soil amended with residential sludge （ 1：1 ） provide better field germination, growth and nodule formation of L. leucocephala in degraded soil.     

蓝桉水提液对蓝桉种子发芽的化感效应

分析了蓝桉枯叶、鲜叶、树枝、树皮、树根1∶50、1∶100、1∶200、1∶400的水提液对蓝桉种子发芽的化感效应。结果表明,除蓝桉各器官的水提液对发芽率大多数起促进作用,树根、树枝及树皮的水提液对鲜重的影响均表现为促进作用外;高浓度的水提液对芽及幼苗的生长有明显的抑制作用,表现在幼苗茎严重卷曲和呈倒伏状,且随着水提液浓度减小,抑制作用减弱,有的消失甚至转变为促进作用,继而幼苗生长恢复正常;鲜叶、枯叶水提液对蓝桉幼苗胚根长、总长的抑制作用强度大于其它器官,枯叶和树根水提液对种子发芽率起促进作用的强度比其它器官大,树根水提液对鲜重的促进作用强度比其它器官大。     

高山栲水提液对云南松种子发芽的化感效应

为了解混交树种高山栲对云南松的化感作用,用高山栲各器官水提液对云南松种子的发芽进行处理。结果表明,高山栲鲜叶、枝干、树皮、树根,枯落叶水提液对云南松种子的发芽和芽的生长均有一定的影响。所有样品的水提液均表现出在高浓度下对云南松种子发芽和芽的生长有明显抑制作用,随着水提液浓度减小,抑制作用减弱、消失甚至转变为促进作用的规律;其中枝干和鲜叶水提液对云南松种子发芽和芽的生长作用强度最大;发芽效果不同指标对高山栲各器官水提液作用的敏感性次序是:鲜重>根长>发芽率>胚轴长。说明在营造云南松和高山栲混交林时,高山栲比例适当减小将有利于云南松的天然更新和生长。     

Nursery practice on seed germination and seedling growth of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Dalbergia sissoo</Emphasis> using beneficial microbial inoculants

Nursery practice using microbial inoculants was performed to find out the efficacy of the inoculants on seed germination and seedling growth of sissoo (Dalbergia sissoo Roxb.). Microbial inoculants or effective microorganisms (EM) are a mixture of many different beneficial microorganisms in a solution. The seedlings were grown in a mixture of sandy soil and cowdung (3:1) kept in polybags with pouring EM solution at different concentrations (0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 5% and 10%) before and after a week of sowing the seeds. Seed germination rate and growth parameters of seedlings were measured, such as, shoot and root length, vigor index, fresh and dry weight of shoot and root and total biomass increment. The nodulation status influenced by EM was also observed along with the measurement of pigment contents in leaves. The highest germination rate (69%) was observed in 2% EM treatment, followed by 67% and 65% in 1% and 5% EM. The highest shoot length (33.2 cm) was in 2% EM, whereas highest root length (26.3 cm) was in 1% EM. Both fresh and dry weights from shoot and root, were maximum (4.16 g and 1.57 g; 2.12 g and 0.83 g respectively) in 2% EM and were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) different from control. Vigor index was highest (4071) in 2% EM, which was significantly (p ≤ 0.05) different from control. Total dry weight increment was highest in 2% EM treatment, followed by 1% and 5% concentrations of EM. Nodulation number was higher at very low (0.1%) concentration of EM solution but it normally decreased with the increase of EM concentrations. The contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoid were highest (60.11, 17.05 and 42.48 mg·L⁻¹ respectively) in 2% EM treatment and lowest (39.35, 13.55 and 27.29 mg·L⁻¹ respectively) in control treatment. Therefore, low concentration of EM (up to 2%) can be used for getting maximum seed germination rate and seedling development of Dalbergia sissoo Roxb.     

巨桉根浸提液对三种牧草的化感作用初步探讨

为了解巨桉内含物对牧草的化感作用,试验选用浓度为1∶10、1∶50、1∶100的巨桉根浸提液(母液浓度为1∶10,w/v),以蒸馏水为对照,按照培养皿水培和盆栽土培的生物检测方法,探讨巨桉根系对黑麦草、紫花苜蓿、高羊茅3种牧草的化感作用。结果表明:在水培试验中,对黑麦草表现为高浓度抑制其根和苗生长,低浓度促进其根和苗生长;对紫花苜蓿根和苗生长均表现为促进作用。在盆栽试验中,对黑麦草和高羊茅表现为抑制其根长和促进其茎高生长,随着浓度的增加,对根的抑制作用逐渐增强;对紫花苜蓿根和地上部分干重表现为促进作用,随浓度的增加,促进作用减弱。