犬免疫球蛋白IgM重链恒定区基因序列研究

为了探讨犬免疫球蛋白IgM所包含的生物学信息及其与其他物种的亲缘和进化关系,对犬IgM重链恒定区进行了研究。采用3′RACE及RT-PCR方法,获得了犬IgM重链恒定区全长基因(包括分泌型和跨膜型),犬具有哺乳动物IgM的典型特征,其恒定区包括CH1~CH4 4个区,其中CH3与CH4区序列相对保守,分泌尾的同源性更高,靠近分子的羧基端同源性有增加的趋势。种系发生树分析发现,犬与大熊猫及猫等食肉目动物位于一个进化树分支上。DNAMAN软件分析显示,犬与大熊猫和猫的核酸序列同源性分别为87.88%和81.58%。     

朗德鹅THRSPα基因PCR-SSCP分析及与产肝性能的相关性

THRSPα参与脂肪合成限速酶基因的转录调控,在脂肪生成过程中发挥重要作用.该研究采用PCR-SSCP法检测朗德鹅群体中THRSPα基因的多态性,并分析基因多态性与产肝性能的关系.结果表明,在THRSPα基因第1外显子编码区216 bp处存在1个新的突变位点即C→T碱基突变,其中C碱基的基因频率为0.90,为优势等位基因. χ2检验结果显示:该群体处于Hardy-Weinberg 平衡状态;THRSPα第一外显子编码区SSCP多态位点只有2种基因型AA和AB,没有BB,其中AB型朗德鹅肝重和肝脏指数(肝重/体重)均显著高于AA型(P＜0.05).     

牛生长激素基因（bGH）编码区的遗传变异特征*

 以普通牛、瘤牛、牦牛、大额牛、沼泽型水牛和河流型水牛的代表牛种为对象,探讨不同牛种（或亚种）GH基因编码区序列的遗传变异特征。结果表明,6个群体的GH基因编码区序列全长均为654bp,共检测到16个SNP位点,外显子1无变异位点,外显子2、外显子3、外显子4和外显子5分别有3个、5个、1个和7个变异位点,表明外显子5是编码区的高变区域,而且SNP位点在不同牛种（或亚种）中的分布存在明显差异。16个核苷酸替代位点中有13个为同义突变,仅有3个非同义突变位点,分别位于第2外显子、第4外显子和第5外显子处,并造成其所编码的氨基酸发生改变。     

牛生长激素基因（bGH）编码区的遗传变异特征

以普通牛、瘤牛、牦牛、大额牛、沼泽型水牛和河流型水牛的代表牛种为对象,探讨不同牛种(或亚种)GH基因编码区序列的遗传变异特征.结果表明,6个群体的GH基因编码区序列全长均为654bp,共检测到16个SNP位点,外显子1无变异位点,外显子2、外显子3、外显子4和外显子5分别有3个、5个、1个和7个变异位点,表明外显子5是编码区的高变区域,而且SNP位点在不同牛种(或亚种)中的分布存在明显差异.16个核苷酸替代位点中有13个为同义突变,仅有3个非同义突变位点,分别位于第2外显子、第4外显子和第5外显子处,并造成其所编码的氨基酸发生改变.     

红鳍东方鲀IgM重组表达与多克隆抗体制备

红鳍东方鲀（Takifugu rubripes）是我国重要的海水养殖经济鱼类，探究红鳍东方鲀IgM的结构与功能对其病害防治与免疫系统的研究均有重要意义。本研究克隆获取了红鳍东方鲀IgM的重（H）链恒定（C）区序列，序列大小为1326bp，编码442个氨基酸，将获得的IgM序列连接至pET28a表达载体上，利用大肠杆菌BL21进行体外重组表达，SDS-PAGE结果显示：重组蛋白红鳍东方鲀IgM（TrIgM）大小约为62kDa，重组表达的IgM主要以包涵体形式表达。通过体外复性获得可溶性TrIgM蛋白, 将制备的TrIgM蛋白免疫BALB/c小鼠，获得了TrIgM鼠抗血清，Western blot检测结果表明：制备的鼠抗血清可以与重组TrIgM蛋白和红鳍东方鲀天然血清中的IgM的重链蛋白特异性结合。本研究中制备的抗血清可作为检测红鳍东方鲀IgM的特异性抗体，为红鳍东方鲀相关免疫检测提供基础。     

乌鳢免疫球蛋白M重链和免疫球蛋白轻链的克隆与特征分析

应用RACE-PCR方法克隆并鉴定了乌鳢免疫球蛋白M(i mmunoglobulin M,Ig M)重链(H)和免疫球蛋白轻链(L)全长cDNA。乌鳢IgH cDNA全长1 912个核苷酸(nt),包含1 797 nt的开放阅读框,编码598个氨基酸(aa)。IgH恒定区(CH)均包含1对保守的半胱氨酸残基形成链内二硫键,其中CH1区氨基末端存在保守的半胱氨酸残基与轻链形成链间二硫键,4个推测的N-糖基化位点(NXT和NXS)则分别位于CH1、CH2和CH4。序列比对发现乌鳢IgHCH1与CH2交界处氨基酸序列的插入使铰链区肽段较其他硬骨鱼IgH长,此外IgH CH4区羧基末端参与单体间聚合的半胱氨酸被赖氨酸替换,这反映乌鳢IgH分子结构的特异性。序列相似性比较显示乌鳢IgH与点带石斑鱼、黑鳍冰鱼、牙鲆、虹鳟的相似性依次为55%、50%、45%和36%,与斑马鱼类的相似性较低(为28%)。乌鳢IgL cDNA全长941 nt,包含729 nt的开放阅读框,编码242个aa。轻链可变区(VL)和恒定区(CL)均包含保守的半胱氨酸,形成链内和链间二硫键。序列比对分析表明乌鳢IgL与五条鰤和花狼IgL的相似性为78...     

德保矮马生长激素基因的克隆与序列分析

克隆和分析德保矮马的生长激素(GH)基因全序列.阳性重组质粒测序表明:德保矮马GH基因碱基序列全长1 922 bp(GenBank登录号为EU939447),包含完整的5个外显子和4个内含子.与纯血马比较,有19个碱基位点突变,其中11个位于外显子区域,有义突变4个,第924位碱基C→T致使第70位氨基酸由Thr→Ile,第1 249位碱基C→T使第112位氨基酸Pro→Leu,第1 287位碱基A→T使第125位氨基酸Ser→Cvs,第1 309位碱基A→C使第132位氨基酸Asp→Ala.以GH编码区构建物种的亲缘进化树,GH基因在进化中比较保守.     

罗非鱼免疫球蛋白（IgM）重链基因全长cDNA序列分析

从已经构建的罗非鱼白细胞cDNA文库中测定获得罗非鱼免疫球蛋白（IgM）重链的eDNA序列,全长1885bp,有一个完整ORF阅读框长1770bp,5’UTR为29bp,3’-UTR为86bp,编码588个氨基酸。罗非鱼与大黄鱼、斜带石斑鱼、南极鳕鱼、乌鳢、鳜鱼、伯氏豚[鱼叚]虎鱼、牙鲆、花狼鱼、硬头鳟的IgM重链氨基酸序列有较高的同源性,最高达到69％,表明已经获得罗非鱼IgM重链基因;对所得氨基酸进行二级结构预测发现,罗非鱼IgM重链基因全长cDNA序列所编码的氨基酸分子量为41453．94Da。该试验结果为罗非鱼IgM重链基因功能的实验性鉴定工作奠定了基础。     

鹅Myostatin基因编码区核苷酸多态性研究

利用鹅Myostatin基因3个外显子设计4对引物,分析扬州鹅、皖西白鹅和五龙鹅3个品种鹅的Myostatin基因编码区的单核苷酸多态性。结果表明:鹅该基因编码区高度保守,仅第3外显子的第263 bp处检测到由A→C的单碱基“沉默“突变,该突变位点仅检测到AA、AB 2种基因型,且杂合子频率极低(2.5%),皖西白鹅群体未能检测到AB型个体。对五龙鹅群体的初步分析发现,AB型个体具有较高的产肉性能,但因所检测到的杂合子个体数较少,故该位点各基因型与生产性能间的关系有待于进一步研究证实。     

草鱼MKLN1基因可变剪接和微卫星序列的多态性

MKLN1基因编码的muskelin蛋白主要通过其羧基端的kelch重复结构域与其它蛋白形成复合物行使功能。通过分析草鱼鳃组织的基因转录谱,发现其中的MKLN1基因存在(CT)15的微卫星序列,通过检测3个不同的草鱼种群,又发现(CT)9、(CT)10、(CT)11和(CT)13 4种多态性序列。通过克隆该段MKLN1基因组序列并与斑马鱼和红鳍东方鲀的MKLN1基因组序列比较,发现克隆得到的草鱼基因序列是由一个内含子和两个外显子组成,共编码144个氨基酸。通过进一步调查不同组织该基因的转录本,发现存在内含子剪接和内含子未被剪接的两个转录本。由于内含子序列未被剪接的转录本在内含子中存在TGA终止密码子,导致MKLN1基因翻译提前终止,翻译产物为失去部分kelch结构域的muskelin蛋白。相对于内含子正常剪接的转录本,没有被剪接内含子的转录本在各种组织中的表达量要明显低得多。简而言之,本研究发现了草鱼MKLN1转录本中的微卫星序列是来自未被剪切的内含子,而未被剪切的内含子导致该转录本编码部分kelch结构域缺失的muskelin蛋白。研究亮点:目前对于可直接锚定功能基因的I型微卫星标记研究很少。本文首次发现M...     

Mouse immunoglobulin D: messenger RNA and genomic DNA sequences

The molecular structure of a mouse immunoglobulin D from a plasmacytoma tumor and that of the normal mouse gene coding for immunoglobulin D are presented. The DNA sequence results indicate an unusual structure for the tumor delta chain in two respects: (i) Only two constant (C) region domains, termed C delta 1 and C delta 3 by homology considerations, are found; the two domains are separated by an unusual hinge region C delta H that lacks cysteine residues and thus cannot provide the covalent cross-links between heavy chains typically seen in immunoglobulins. The two domains and hinge are all coded on separate exons. (ii) At the carboxyl end of the delta chain there is a stretch of 26 amino acids that is coded from an exon located 2750 to 4600 base pairs downstream from the rest of the gene. Analogy with immunoglobulin M suggests that this distally coded segment C delta DC may have a membrane-binding function; however, it is only moderately hydrophobic. A fifth potential exon (C delta AC), located adjacent to the 3' (carboxyl) end of C delta 3, could code for a stretch of 49 amino acids. The tumor's expression of the delta gene may be aberrant, but the simplest interpretation would be that this tumor expresses one of the several biologically significant forms of the delta chain.     

Human immunoglobulin D: genomic sequence of the delta heavy chain

The DNA coding for the human immunoglobulin D(IgD) heavy chain (delta, delta) has been sequenced including the membrane and secreted termini. Human delta, like that of the mouse, has a separate exon for the carboxyl terminus of the secreted form. This feature of human and mouse IgD distinguishes it from all other immunoglobulins regardless of species or class. The human gene is different from that of the mouse; it has three, rather than two, constant region domains; and its lengthy hinge is encoded by two exons rather than one. Except for the third constant region, the human and mouse genes are only distantly related.     

猪IgG H链基因CH2-CH3的克隆和分析

根据已发表的猪IgG H链序列,设计了1对通用引物,从猪外周血淋巴细胞提取总RNA,经RT-PCR扩增IgG H链基因CH2-CH3序列,并克隆入pMD18-T Simple载体,转化大肠杆菌DH5α感受态细胞,经SalI和XbaI双酶切鉴定,筛选出阳性克隆。核酸序列测定分析表明,IgG H链基因CH2-CH3序列全长为669 bp,编码CH2-CH3的221个氨基酸和J区的1个脯氨酸。利用DNASTAR软件将其与猪IgG H链各CH2-CH3序列进行比较,发现其与U03778-1、U03779-2a、U03780-2b、U03781-3、U03782-4的核苷酸序列同源率分别为92.1%、98.4%、98.5%、93.0%和97.2%,推导的氨基酸序列同源率分别为86.5%、96.4%、96.5%、87.0%和94.2%。经进化树分析提示,该序列可能为一个新的亚型。     

J genes for heavy chain immunoglobulins of mouse

A 15,8-kilobase pair fragment of BALB/c mouse liver DNA, cloned in the Charon 4A lambda phage vector system, was shown to contain the mu heavy chain constant region (CHmu) gene for the mouse immunoglobulin M. In addition, this fragment of DNA contains at least two J genes, used to code for the carboxyl terminal portion of heavy chain variable regions. These genes are located in genomic DNA about eight kilobase pairs to the 5' side of the CHmu gene. The complete nucleotide sequence of a 1120-base pair stretch of DNA that includes the two J genes has been determined.     

Initiation of protein synthesis at an unusual position in an immunoglobulin gene?

The amino acid sequence of urinary beta(2)-microglobulin has been partially determined and found to be related to the constant region of IgG immunoglobulin heavy chain. beta(2)-Microglobulin is present in normal individuals. Its gene may have evolved from an immunoglobulin gene by the use of an unusually located start signal for initiating synthesis of the polypeptide.     

DNA sequences mediating class switching in alpha-immunoglobulins

Immunoglobulin class switching involves specific DNA rearrangements of the gene segments coding for heavy chain constant regions (CH) during B lymphocyte differentiation. In two different cases of C mu to C alpha switching examined here (T15 and M603) and one taken from the literature (MC101), three different sites on the 5' side of C mu and three different sites on the 5' side of C alpha are joined together in the process of CH switching. The sequences surrounding the three germ-line C alpha sites of recombination are highly conserved blocks of 30 nucleotides that may serve as recognition sequences for CH switching to the C alpha gene. This putative recognition sequence is repeated 17 times in approximately 1400 nucleotides of the germ-line Calpha 5' flanking sequence. The lack of homology between this C alpha sequence and sequences reported for the C gamma 1 and C gamma 2b switch sites suggests that heavy chain switching is mediated by class-specific recognition sequences and, presumably, class-specific regulatory mechanisms. In addition, it appears that in one example (MC101) CH switching progressed from C mu to C alpha to C gamma 1. This switching pathway may present difficulties for the simple deletional model of CH switching.