利用微卫星标记分析浙江省近年来主要水稻品种的遗传多样性

 利用12个DNA微卫星标记分析了浙江省近年来主要的44个常规水稻品种和54个杂交水稻组合,共检测到等位基因68个,每个标记2~10个;带型数共127种,每个标记3~18种;平均多态性频率0.752,变幅为0.567~0905。常规品种和杂交组合均表现为亚种间遗传差异明显、亚种内遗传差异较小,籼型遗传多样性高于粳型。平均遗传相似系数,常规品种籼型为0.672,粳型为0.711,籼粳间为0.103,杂交组合籼型为0.636,粳型为0.669,籼粳间为0.343。聚类分析显示,以遗传相似系数0.618为阈值将常规品种分成6类,以0.601为阈值将杂交组合分成7类,且多数同类型品种或组合聚为同一类。     

利用SSR分子标记分析云南陆稻品种遗传多样性

 利用24对SSR引物对云南131个陆稻品种进行遗传多样性分析。共检测到195个等位基因。每个位点的等位基因数平均为8.125个,范围在5(RM55)～13(RM218、RM241)之间;平均表观杂合度为0.0014,平均期望杂合度为0.6545;平均Shannon Weaver指数(I)为1.381;Nei基因多样性指数(H)平均为0.6543,变幅为0.2073(RM235)～0.8689(RM218)。不同地区间陆稻种质资源遗传多样性比较分析表明,滇西南和滇南地区存在丰富的遗传变异,是云南陆稻品种遗传多样性的分布中心。藏缅语族和孟 高棉语族所种植的陆稻品种遗传多样性最丰富。AMOVA分析表明陆稻的遗传变异主要存在于地区内品种间(82%),只有3%遗传变异存在于地区间,品种内的遗传变异占15%。聚类分析显示Nei遗传相似系数为0.22时,云南陆稻品种分为籼粳两个类群,主坐标分析与UPGMA聚类结果基本吻合,并将类群Ⅳ的4个偏籼品种从粳稻类群中重新划归到籼稻类群中,校正了UPGMA聚类的误差,但是不能区分地理组。     

Genetic Diversity and Population Structure in Landraces and Improved Rice Varieties from India

A set of 50 rice genotypes comprising landraces, local selections, and improved varieties were characterized using simple sequence repeat(SSR) and inter simple sequence repeat(ISSR) markers to study genetic diversity and population structure. Following unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean based clustering using binary data of polymorphic markers, the genotypes were grouped into 5 clusters and 11 sub-clusters, whereas population structure analysis separated 50 rice genotypes into 5 sub-populations. Grouping of rice genotypes showed better resemblance with the pedigree information of the genotypes. Both genetic diversity and population structure analysis separated majority of the improved varieties from landraces and local selections. Some of the SSR markers amplified unique alleles which were specific to a particular genotype and could distinguish them from the rest. The results indicate that these rice genotypes exhibit a higher genetic diversity and can be very useful in rice improvement program.     

利用SSR标记分析木薯遗传多样性

应用简单重复序列(SSR)标记对国家木薯种质资源圃195 份国内(外)品种(系)进行遗传多样性分析。结果表明：44对引物共扩增出186个等位基因,每对引物平均扩增出2～8个等位基因,平均Shannon's信息指数I为1.01,平均多态性信息量(PIC)为0.49。195个品种(系)的遗传相似系数(GS)分布在0.57～0.99。聚类分析结果表明,在遗传距离0.71处,可将供试材料分为7个类群。     

Genetic Diversity of Tropical Hybrid Rice Germplasm Measured by Molecular Markers

Investigation of genetic diversity and relationships among breeding lines is of great importance to facilitate parent selection in hybrid rice breeding programs.In this study,we characterized 168 hybrid rice parents from International Rice Research Institute with 207 simple sequence repeat (SSR) and 353 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers.A total of 1 267 SSR and 706 SNP alleles were detected with the averages of 6.1 (SSR) and 2.0 (SNP) alleles per locus respectively across all lines.Based on the genetic distances estimated from the SSR and SNP markers separately and combined,the unrooted neighbor-joining cluster and STRUCTURE analyses consistently separated the 168 hybrid rice parents into two major groups:B-line and R-line,which is consistent with known parent pedigree information.The genetic distance matrices derived from the SSR and SNP genotyping were highly correlated (r=0.81,P < 0.001),indicating that both of the SSR and SNP markers have distinguishable power to detect polymorphism and are appropriate for genetic diversity analysis among tropical hybrid rice parents.A subset of 60 SSR markers were also chosen by the Core Hunter with 368 alleles,and the cluster analysis based on the total and subset of SSR markers highly corresponded at r=0.91 (P < 0.001),suggesting that fewer SSR markers can be used to classify and evaluate genetic diversity among parental lines.     

中国常规稻主栽品种的遗传结构及籼粳组分变化

 采用SSR标记分析了304份我国20世纪50-90年代生产上广泛应用的常规稻主栽品种的遗传结构及不同时期籼粳组分的变化。结果显示,我国常规稻主栽品种可明显分为籼、粳两类,籼稻的亚遗传结构比粳稻更为复杂,但晚籼和早粳类型的遗传背景略为单一。早、中、晚各季节类型与遗传结构的分型结果符合度较低。利用12个籼粳分化特异的SSR位点分析各品种的籼粳组分,发现20世纪90年代晚籼类型的粳型组分明显增加,而其他类型不同时期间籼粳组分的差异较小。研究结果对了解我国常规稻品种的遗传结构以及籼粳交育种具有一定的意义。     

Genetic Structure and Indica/Japonica Component Changes in Major Inbred Rice Varieties in China

We used 39 SSR markers to analyze the genetic structure of 304 major Chinese inbred rice varieties, and to compare changes in the indica or japonica components in these varieties that have been widely cultivated from the 1950s to the 1990s in China. The genetic structure analysis showed that these rice varieties were distinctly divided into two populations, indica and japonica. The sub-structure of indica varieties was more complex than that of japonica ones. Among the various lines, late-season indica and early season japonica varieties had simpler genetic backgrounds. The seasonal ecotypes were not quite consistent with the subtypes of genetic structure. Twelve SSR loci with specific differentiation between indica and japonica were used to calculate the indica/japonica components. The differences in indica/japonica components among the five decades were not significant, except for late-season indica varieties in the 1990s, which had a significantly higher japonica component. These results will help to understand the genetic structure of the major Chinese inbred rice varieties and will be useful for indica-japonica hybrid breeding in China.     

河南省花生品种(系)基于SSR分子标记的遗传多样性研究

花生是我国重要的经济作物和油料作物。对河南省不同类型花生品种的遗传多样性进行分析、评价具有重要意义。本研究利用200对多态性较好的SSR分子标记对河南省近年来正在推广及新选育的60个花生品种(系)进行遗传多样性研究,品种(系)间相似性分析结果表明:平均遗传相似系数为0.3,在实验分析的1770个关系组合中,仅有616个遗传相似系数大于0.5,说明这些品种大多具有较低的遗传相似性。聚类结果表明,在距离320处,60份花生品种(系)被分成了5大类群,第一类群含有32个品种,第二、第三类群分别含有8个品种,第四类含有3个品种,第五类群含有9个品种。这五大类群中,均含有来源于郑州的品种。研究结果也表明,开19-2、商花10号和开农012具有独特的遗传背景,是重要的花生资源。本研究对60个河南省花生品种(系)的遗传多样性的分析,可以为花生新品种选育提供重要的理论参考。     

高淀粉玉米自交系SSR标记遗传多样性分析

利用70对扩增产物稳定的SSR引物对23份高淀粉玉米自交系的遗传多样性进行研究。结果表明,23份高淀粉自交系被划分为4个类群,高淀粉玉米自交系中含Reid种质的数量12份,含国内种质6份,含有Lancaster种质和PB种质的高淀粉玉米自交系最少。在聚类分析的基础上对高淀粉玉米育种进行初步探讨。     

基于SSR标记的云南地方稻种群体内遗传多样性分析

 用20对SSR引物对原产于云南的16份地方稻种和2份选育品种进行单个品种群体内的遗传多样性分析。结果表明,87.5%的地方品种群体内SSR多态性高于选育品种,而12.5%的地方品种群体内SSR标记多态性与选育品种相近。81.2%的地方稻种群体内的等位基因数(Na)和Nei基因遗传多样性指数(He)高于选育品种,而18.8%的地方品种群体内Na和He与选育品种相同或略小。水稻地方稻种群体内He的差异较大,其变异范围为0.0146～0.5117,其中,黄板所 1（1980年收集）、黄板所 2（2007年收集）、麻线谷 1（1980年收集）、麻线谷 2（2007年收集）的群体内遗传多样性较高,分别为0.2327、0.4214、0.5117和0.4489。87.5%地方品种的杂合度(Ho)明显高于选育品种;地方品种群体间遗传多样性差异很大,其中1/4的遗传差异来源于地方稻种群体内,差异极显著。RM333、RM257和RM180在供试云南地方稻种群体内的多态性、等位基因数、多样性指数和变异百分率均较高,适用于云南地方稻种群体内遗传多样性检测。     

基于iPBS标记的石斛兰种质资源遗传多样性分析及DNA指纹图谱构建

以48份石斛兰种质资源为对象,采用iPBS分子标记技术对其遗传多样性进行分析并构建DNA指纹图谱.结果表明:从83条iPBS引物中筛选出7条扩增条带清晰、多态性高、重复性好的引物;利用筛选出的引物对48份石斛兰基因组DNA进行PCR扩增,共获得279条谱带,其中多态性条带279条,多态性比例为100％;采用GenAlE...     

基于表型和SRAP标记的盆栽菊遗传多样性分析

基于20个表型性状和相关序列扩增多态性（sequence-related amplified polymorphism,SRAP）标记技术对30个国外引进盆栽菊品种遗传多样性进行研究。结果表明,参试盆栽菊品种表型变异丰富,性状变异系数为14.67%~ 78.25%,最低和最高变异系数分别为冠幅和舌状小花数。性状主成分分析结果显示,前5个主成分贡献率达76.68%,综合反映了花型大小、叶片形态和花色的重要性。基于表型性状的聚类分析可将30个盆栽菊品种划为3个类群：第Ⅰ类群包含14个品种;第Ⅱ类群包含2个品种;第Ⅲ类群包含14个品种。表型性状的聚类结果与花径和观花期有一定联系。SRAP分析筛选到11对多态性引物,获得1866个多态性位点,多态性比例为92.61%。品种间的遗传相似系数为0.67~0.85,表明30个品种存在一定的遗传变异。基于品种间遗传距离构建的NJ（neighbor joining）进化树结果显示,30个盆栽菊品种可划分为3个类群：第Ⅰ类群包含2个亚群,共17个品种;第Ⅱ类群包含10个品种;第Ⅲ类群包含3个品种。2种分类方法均将研究对象分为3个类群,但这3个类群的品种组成并不一致,推测可能和菊花材料本身复杂的遗传背景与试验选材的局限性有关。     

四川省稻瘟病菌群体遗传结构分析

由稻瘟病菌(Magnaporthe oryzae)侵染引起的稻瘟病是全球水稻生产上最严重的病害之一。利用6对SSR荧光标记对采自四川绵阳、营山、雅安、北川和武胜地区的5个稻瘟病菌群体的遗传结构进行分析。结果表明,在124个稻瘟病菌中检测出43个等位基因,平均每个位点的观测等位基因数为7.2,有效等位基因数为3.1,所有位点均显著偏离HardyWeinberg平衡。5个群体的平均观测杂合度(0.374)低于期望杂合度(0.502),暗示群体内存在因近交而导致的杂合子缺失。AMOVA分析显示,绝大多数遗传变异(81.17%)存在于群体内个体间,仅有18.83%的变异来自于群体间的差异。5个地理群体间呈现高水平的遗传分化(遗传分化系数为0.057~0.528)。Mantel检验表明,群体间的遗传距离与地理距离相关未达显著水平,说明稻瘟病菌的遗传变异呈现随机分布的空间模式。群体遗传学数据分析表明5个群体间存在不同程度的基因流(基因流水平为0.472~4.347),基于贝叶斯聚类法的Structure分析也证实了这一结果。     

广东常规稻主栽品种品质性状多样性演变分析

 为了解优质育种对品质性状多样性的影响,选取50份不同时期水稻品种来分析其品质性状多样性,并通过对品质性状进行聚类分析和主成分分析（PCA）来了解不同时期品种间的遗传关系。结果表明,1980年以前少数品质性状趋向优质,1980 至1994年期间大部分性状趋向优质,而1994至2008年全部性状都趋向优质。品质性状多样性一直处于下降状态,1994至2008年下降最剧烈。此外,随着时间推移,现代品种与地方品种的遗传差异在扩大。因此,在追求优质的同时,应注重保持水稻品种品质性状多样性和地方稻种资源的利用。     

Genetic Diversity and Relationship of Weedy Rice in Taizhou City, Jiangsu Province, China

Microsatellite markers and morphological charactedstics were used to explore the genetic diversity and possible origin of weedy dce in Taizhou City, Jiangsu Province, China. Fifty-two weedy rice (Oryza sativa L.) accessions were compared with two wild rice, four hybdd rice and five cultivars using 22 simple sequence repeat (SSR) primer pairs. A total of 107 fragments were amplified, averaging 5.6 alleles per primer pair. The polymorphic index content (PIC) values ranged from 0.3077 to 0.7951, averaging at 0.5870. The average genetic distance of all samples ranged from 0.02 to 0.46 with an average of 0.262. The genetic distance among Taizhou weedy rice ranged from 0.03 to 0.44 with an average of 0.224. Cluster analysis showed that all the weedy rice accessions from Taizhou City were indica, and could be subdivided into different genotypes. The majority (86%) of weedy rice was most closely related to hybrid rice. The Taizhou weedy dce accessions were morphologically similar, but still could be delineated into indica or japonica group by some morphological traits. it is suggested that the levels of genetic and morphological diversities of weedy rice in Taizhou City are low and these weedy rice plants originated from the segregating progenies of hybrid rice that had naturally introgressed with cultivated rice.     

籼稻RAPD标记遗传距离与杂种后代稻米味度及RVA谱特性的相关分析

 选用8个籼稻品种按Griffing双列杂交方法Ⅳ配制28个F1杂交组合，分析了RAPD分子标记籼稻遗传距离与稻米味度及淀粉粘滞性谱（RVA谱）杂种优势的关系。结果表明， 利用297个多态性RAPD标记位点计算8个亲本间分子标记遗传距离，其范围在0.197~0.349，平均为0.269，8个亲本可划分为2个类群；味度值和RVA谱的中亲优势平均而言介于双亲之间，分子标记遗传距离与F1味度值和RVA谱的表现以及杂种优势间的相关均不显著，味度值和RVA谱杂种优势与亲本间的遗传差异大小无关；双亲味度和RVA谱平均值与杂种味度和RVA谱之间均呈极显著的正相关，双亲味度值和RVA谱的平均值高，杂种味度值和RVA谱也就高。     

24份水稻细胞质雄性不育系的SSR多态性分析

利用SSR标记技术对四川省及其它部分省区生产中主要使用的和新育成的24份水稻细胞质雄性不育系材料进行遗传多样性分析,从135对SSR引物中筛选出具有多态性的引物34对,共扩增出77个等位位点,平均每个引物的等位位点数为2.26个;多态信息含量（PIC）变化范围0.080～0.559,平均为0.254。根据24份细胞质雄性不育系的遗传相似系数矩阵做出树状图,聚类分析结果表明,目前在生产中应用的水稻细胞质雄性不育系遗传背景比较单一,不利于充分发挥水稻杂种优势利用潜力。     

82份籼粳稻骨干亲本抗稻瘟病基因的分子检测

北粳南移在江西省已推行11年,为进一步明确适合江西晚粳常规稻的稻瘟病抗性情况及粳渗籼骨干亲本的选择,本研究利用Pi37/Pi35/Pish、Pi5、Pi2、Pi9、Pia、Pi23、Pigm、Pi33/Pi42、Pi56、Pik/kg(t)/ks/kp/km/kh/43、Pikh共11个抗瘟基因的标记结合井冈山抗性谱的鉴定,对28份骨干粳稻和54份骨干籼稻进行分子标记与抗性分析。结果表明,粳稻中有1份携带其中的7个抗性基因,有5份携带6个抗性基因,有7份携带5个抗性基因,有12份携带4个抗性基因,有3份携带3个抗性基因,抗性频率最高的Pia为0.786,其次为Pikh和Pi9,频率均为0.643,Pigm和Pi37/Pish在这批粳稻材料中的抗性频率为0;籼稻中有8份携带其中的7个抗性基因,有10份携带6个抗性基因,有13份携带5个抗性基因,有17份携带4个抗性基因,有4份携带3个抗性基因,有2份携带2个抗性基因,抗性频率最高的Pi9为0.981,其次Pik/Pikh/Piks频率为0.833,Pigm、Pi37/Pish、Pikh、Pia、Pi5、Pi2、Pi23和Pi33/Pi42...     

273份水稻种质资源的遗传多样性、群体结构与连锁不平衡分析

[目的]评估273份水稻种质资源的遗传多样性和群体结构,为今后利用这些水稻种质资源进行遗传育种和关联分析提供参考.[方法]利用214个分子标记对来自14个国家的273份水稻地方品种和育种材料进行基因型检测,分析其遗传多样性、群体结构、连锁不平衡程度.[结果]群体结构分析将供试群体划分为2个亚群(SG1、SG2)以及1个...     

Genetic Diversity of Wild Rice Species in Yunnan Province of China

Yunnan Province of China is one of the important centers for origin and evolution of cultivated rice worldwide.Wild rice is the ancestor of the cultivated rice.Many elite traits of wild rice have widened the genetic basis in cultivated rice.However,many populations of wild rice species have disappeared in the past few years.Therefore,the current status of wild rice resources should be updated and the genetic diversity of wild rice species should be examined for further germplasm preservation and utilization.Our investigations showed that the number of natural wild rice populations declined sharply in Yunnan Province during the past few years due to various reasons.Fortunately,one population of Oryza rufipogon,three of O.officinalis and ten of O.granulata have been newly found in different ecological sites,which were confirmed by inter-simple sequence repeat(ISSR) marker analysis in this study.ISSR analysis and investigation of some important traits of nutritional values indicated that the genetic diversity of the currently existing wild rice resources in Yunnan is still rich.The demonstration of genetic diversity of wild rice by a combined use of geographical distribution,morphological traits,nutrition contents and ISSR markers would be helpful for the conservation and exploration of these important wild rice resources.