基于电流模故障分量的选相原理研究

分析了各种类型简单故障条件下电流模故障分量在短路点和保护安装处的特征，根据双侧电源系统阻抗及分流系数变化，分析了线模分量与序阻抗及分布系数的可能变化，提出了利用电流模故障分量的选相元件，该元件在故障发生后可快速动作。通过仿真，验证了该方案的可行性。     

效益系数年际动态变化的水资源合理配置

水资源合理配置模型中，把不同形式水源的用水效益系数看作是时间的函数，在约束条件变化的条件下，利用遗传算法“生存竞争、优胜劣汰、适者生存”的竞争体制优化效益系数，并利用效益系数的权重实现了开封市不同水源的合理配置，结果表明模型和方法是有效的、可行的、优化配置结果是合理的。     

不同形状阻抗孔口的阻抗系数研究

结合云南漫湾水电站，利用最新的CFD（Computational Fluid Dynamics）技术分析了阻抗式调压室阻抗孔口的形式对阻抗系数的影响。计算结果表明阻抗损失系数不是常数，它随着分（汇）流比的变化而变化，当分（汇）流比增加时，通过孔口的流量增加相应的水头损失的值也增加。在各流态下3种阻抗孔的阻抗系数与分流比的二次曲线图几乎重合在一起，这说明了阻抗孔口的形式对相应阻抗系数大小的影响不大。分流情况下的水头损失比汇流情况下的水头损失要大。     

拖拉机用齿轮变位系数的选择

在拖拉机设计中，主传动系统大部分采用齿轮。由于标准齿轮传动有一定局限性。因此目前广泛采用变化齿轮。本文通过作者设计实践，就选择变位系数的条件与方法，高强度变位齿轮的变位系数的选择，使节点处于两对齿轮啮合区时齿轮变位系数的选择，对及齿轮接触疲劳强度的比较分析等进行了论述。     

建筑物量水流量误差的一种解决方

针对从多泥沙河流取水引水口门上下游渠道淤积引起过水断面发生变化，环境参数的变化致使闸门过水能力受到影响，并会出现实际过水量与公式计算值不符的现象，提出矫正综合流量系数是解决流量计算不准的有效途径，在综合流量系数调整过程中流量计算出现此合彼离时，采用分段设定系数的方法是解决这一问题的有效方法。     

变量分离法与变系数非线性薛定谔方程的求解探索

把变量分离法应用于(1+1) 维非线性物理模型，构建了色散缓变光纤变系数非线性薛定谔方程的一类新的孤子解.作为特例，也得到了常系数非线性薛定谔方程的包络型孤子解，只是解的形式有点变化.     

小城镇用水量变化特性研究

根据10个区域典型小城镇群1998~2004年用水量的实地调查，采用“二次平均法”统计得出不同规模小城镇人均综合用水量水平。统计结果表明，小城镇年用水量变化具有明显的趋势性和随机性，周期性不明显；日、月用水量变化具有平稳性、交变性和周期性，但日用水量变化的周期性没有月用水量突出；时用水量变化周期性明显，一天当中出现早、中、晚三个用水高峰，其他时段变化不明显；各类小城镇用水日变化系数较大，取值范围1.75～1.95，城镇规模越小或生产用水比例低时取高值；各类小城镇日用水过程中最高峰值与最低峰值之间的振幅随城镇规模减小而增大，且日用水量Qd＜10000m3时，时变化系数Kh约2.2～2.7左右，建议参考计算式Kh=–0.1341Ln（Qd）+ 3.4422。     

网上问答

遥测中的系数满度值、满码值、实际值之间有什么关系?遥测中电压、电流、有功功率、无功功率都要填个系数,是什么原理,比如有的600/5的TA电流系数为600×1.2=720,这与满度值、满码值、实际值之间有什么关系?     

网上问答

正三相四线智能表,两相电流接反,如何追补电量?一只三相四线智能表,3×220/380 V,经电流互感器接入,三相接线电压正确,A相电流极性正确,B、C相电流极性反接。现场情况是:正向有功和反向有功都走有电量?该如何追补电量?yk54071503:理论上讲更正系数是K=-3。但是,负荷是不平衡的,是可以时刻变化的。所以按照总电量,不管是     

平原河网地区典型旱地面源污染排放系数时间变化特征及影响因素研究

【目的】探明平原河网地区典型旱地离田排放系数的变化特征,为农业面源污染监测管理提供参考。【方法】以上海市崇明岛某典型旱地为研究对象,通过构建水文-水质协同监测系统,对旱地面源污染排放系数进行测算,明确排放系数的时间变化特征,分析排放系数的影响因素。【结果】日尺度下,氮、磷的离田排放系数变化范围分别为2.2～9 843.9、0.08～667.0 g/(hm²·d);月尺度下,氮、磷离田排放系数变化范围分别为0.02～17.2、0.001～1.04kg/(hm²·m)。在降水产流事件中,氮离田排放系数与降水历时呈极显著正相关,磷离田排放系数与产流事件的总降水量、平均降水强度、最大小时降水强度极显著正相关。施肥后,氮日排放系数迅速增大,磷日排放系数无明显变化。各时间尺度下,氮排放系数与地表径流不存在显著相关性,磷排放系数与地表径流极显著正相关。【结论】氮、磷离田排放系数的日、月际变化幅度较大,氮离田排放系数易受施肥措施影响,磷离田排放系数则更易受降水和地表径流的影响。     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。