The Effect of Irrigation Period and Amount on Production Performance of Alfalfa in Haihe Plain北大核心CSCD

To explore the suitable irrigation techniques for Alfalfa in Haihe Plain, six irrigation treatments were set up to study the effects of different irrigation treatments on the yield, agronomic traits and water use efficiency of one-year and two-year Alfalfa from 2015 to 2017. The results showed that alfalfa yield increased slightly with increasing irrigation amount in Haihe Plain, but had no significant difference among six treatments. Compared with the treatment without irrigation, the cumulative increment of alfalfa yield in three years was only 6. 13 t • hm~z. The water use efficiency of Alfalfa significantly decreased gradually with the increase of irrigation amount (P相似文献   

Study on Water Consumption Characteristics of Compound Green Space in Urumqi Xinjiang北大核心CSCD

In order to ascertain water consumption characteristics of typical compound green space (CGP) which composed of turf and white elm in Urumqi city. Field irrigation experiment with fixed irrigation frequency and changed irrigation quota was carried out in Hongshan Park Urumqi. The results showed that average daily water consumption (ADWC) of lawn and white elm in CGP increased with the increase of irrigation quota,and showed the same trend of single peak curve (increased first and then decreased with the development of growth period). Cumulative water consumption of CGP in each treatment varied between 668.5~996.4 mm,which increased with the increase of irrigation quota. The ratio of water consumption between lawn and elm in CGP varied from 1:1 to 1:1.2,which increased first and then decreased with the increase of irrigation quota. The crop coefficient of CGP in each treatment during May to September varied between 0.72 and 1.52,and the average value of crop coefficient in each treatment during main growth period increased with the increase of irrigation quota. Considering the water consumption and growth of CGP,in the dry year with 75% rainfall frequency,the suitable irrigation quota of similar CGP with similar maintenance level is 36 mm,and the irrigation period is 5~7 days in Urumqi city. © 2019 Ｊｏｕｒｎａｌ ｏｆ Ｒｅｆｒｉｇｅｒａｔｉｏｎ. All rights reserved.     

Response of grain yield and related agronomic traits of oilseed flax to diversified cropping rotations北大核心CSCD

This research aimed to identify a suitable planting pattern for oilseed flax production in a dry-farming region. A long-term field experiment was started in 2012 with a 4-year crop rotation cycle,designed to measure the effects on flax crop performance of previous crop,and various patterns of flax planting interval within the four-year rotation,compared with continuous flax cropping. Crop parameters measured included plant height,stem diameter,dry matter accumulation and distribution,and the experiment included six different crop rotation patterns：Flax→flax →flax→flax［（F）FFF］;Flax→wheat→potato→flax［（F）WPF］;Flax→potato→flax→wheat［（F）PFW］;Flax→ flax→wheat→potato［（F）FWP］;Flax→wheat→flax→potato［（F）WFP］and flax→wheat→potato→wheat［（F）WPW］. Results for the ninth year showed significantly increased grain yield（29. 89%-109. 57%）in crop rotation treatments compared with continuous cropping of oilseed flax. The ranking of the six tested rotations for yield was：（F）WPW>（F）FWP>（F）WFP>（F）PFW>（F）WPF>（F）FFF. The grain yield of oilseed flax was significantly affected by previous crop,frequency and years interval of flax cropping and number of years of continuous flax cropping. Yield was increased by 54. 45%-59. 29% under wheat stubble and potato stubble compared with oilseed flax stubble,and increased by 30. 66% and 109. 57%,respectively,under 50% and 25% frequencies,compared with 100% frequency. The grain yield of oilseed flax under two-year continuous cropping was higher by 29. 89% than four-year continuous cropping,and increased with increase in years interval between flax crops. Correlation analysis identified a significantly positive correlation between oilseed flax grain yield and effective capsule number,branch number and 1000-seed weight. The effective capsule number,branch number and 1000-seed weight of oilseed flax under rotation treatment were increased by 35. 88%-108. 91%,15. 47%-46. 19% and 14. 61%-16. 34%,respectively（P<0. 05）,compared with continuous cropping. In addition,the high grain yield of oilseed flax was accompanied by an increase in plant height,stem diameter and dry matter accumulation and these increases were,respectively,5. 11%-42. 24%,2. 77%-39. 92% and 31. 25%-117. 89% under the rotation regimes,compared with continuous cropping. Reduction in the number of years of continuous cropping years,change of crop stubble,decreased flax planting frequency and increased of interval between flax crops also improved flax crop performance. In summary,crop rotation improved the vigor of oilseed flax,resulting in greater plant height and stem diameter,improved dry matter accumulation and distribution,leading to increased branch number,effective capsule number and 1000-seed weight,and increase in the crop yield of oilseed flax. The results indicated that a multiple-crop rotation pattern was an effective way to avoid the yield reduction caused by continuous cropping in oilseed flax. The rotation： Flax→wheat→potato→wheat performed best among those tested and can be recommended as an appropriate cropping rotation for oilseed flax production in the dry region of northwest China. © 2022 Editorial Office of Acta Prataculturae Sinica. All rights reserved.     

Seasonal Changes of Grazing Grassland Nutrition and Yields and Feeding Preferences of Tibetan Cashmere Goats in Nagqu Prefecture of Tibetan Plateau北大核心CSCD

This experiment was conducted in Nima County,Nagqu region,Tibet,to investigate the effects of seasonal changes on pasture nutrients and the feeding preferences of Tibetan cashmere goats,and estimate grassland yield and livestock carrying capacity. The results showed that the nutrient content in pasture showed regular changes with the seasons. The weight of crude protein (CP) and dry matter (DM) showed an inverted "V" shape with the increase of season,neutral,but the change in the content of detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) was in verse. Compared with autumn,there was a significant change in the eating degree of Tibetan cashmere goats on forages such as Stipa purpurea,Potentilla bifurca, Anaphalis xylorrhiza, Cirsium souliei and Leontopodium pusillum in summer (P<0.05),which was significantly correlated with the total coverage of forage (P< 0.05). The NDVI extracted from the TM remote sensing image of alpine meadow grassland showed linear and logarithmic relationship with fresh grass biomass and biomass,and the correlation coefficients were 0.8108 and 0.7970,respectively. At the same time,it found that there was overgrazed throughout the year. © 2019 Ｊｏｕｒｎａｌ ｏｆ Ｒｅｆｒｉｇｅｒａｔｉｏｎ. All rights reserved.     

Diurnal changes in photosynthesis and photosynthetic product partitioning in alfalfa in response to phosphorus application北大核心CSCD

This research explored the effect of different levels of phosphorus application on diurnal variation in photosynthesis and partitioning of photosynthetic products in alfalfa under drip irrigation. In particular, the relationship between photosynthetic product levels in the plant and leaf photosynthetic parameters of alfalfa was clarified. Four phosphorus（P2O5）application levels of 0（CK）,50（P1）,100（P2）and 150 kg·ha-1（P3）were used as treatments in a field experiment. Leaf photosynthetic parameters were measured with a Li-6400 portable photosynthesis instrument on sunny days from 10：00-20：00 during the early flowering stage,together with environment factors and sugar and starch content in the leaves,stems and roots. A feature of the results was a ‘photosynthetic noon-break’phenomenon across all phosphorus application treatments,and stomatal limitation was the main factor responsible for the mid-day decline of net photosynthetic rate （Pn）. Photosynthetically active radiation had the greatest impact on the Pn of alfalfa leaves,while atmospheric CO2 concentration,atmospheric temperature,and atmospheric environmental factors such as relative humidity and vapor pressure deficit based on leaf temp also affected Pn. Principal component analysis showed that alfalfa photosynthetic efficiency in the four P-treatments ranked P2>P1>P3>CK. At the 100 kg·ha-1 phosphorus level（compared to CK）,the hay yield of alfalfa was increased significantly,the soluble sugar contents of leaves,stems,and roots were increased by 11. 6%,5. 0% and 4. 6%,respectively,and the starch contents were increased by 15. 2%,9. 6% and 5. 3%,respectively. Higher overall levels of soluble sugar and starch typically manifested as greater concentration increases in leaves,and relatively smaller increases in roots and stems. The diurnal troughs in Pn,transpiration rate,leaf internal CO2 concentration and water use efficiency（WUE）of alfalfa leaves were less marked in the P treatments,compared with the control treatment. Therefore,appropriate phosphorus application can increase the photosynthetic efficiency of alfalfa leaves,thereby significantly promoting crop growth and development. At the phosphorus（P2O5）application rate of 100 kg·ha-1（P2）,the alfalfa photosynthetic enhancement effect was the most pronounced. © 2022 Editorial Office of Acta Prataculturae Sinica. All rights reserved.     

Effects of Dietary Sodium Acetate on Lactation Performance and Rumen Microbiota of Dairy Goats北大核心CSCD

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary sodium acetate on lactation performance and rumen microbiota of dairy goats. Fifteen healthy Xinong Saanen dairy goat ewes with similar body weight of (53.54±3.07) kg, the same parity (2 parities) and in mid-lactation [(60±5) d] were randomly divided into 3 groups with 5 replicates in each group. Dairy goats in the control group were fed a basal diet, and those in the experimental groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with 30 (experimental group I) and 60 g/ (d.head) (experimental group II) sodium acetate, respectively. The pre-trial period lasted for 7 days and the experimental period lasted for 21 days. The milk yield of dairy goats was recorded during the experiment. At the end of the experiment, milk samples were collected to analyze the changes in milk composition, and rumen contents of dairy goats were collected from two groups (control group and experimental group II) with significant differences in milk fat percentage. Gas chromatography and 16S rDNA sequencing technology were used to analyze the rumen fermentation parameters and rumen microbial composition and structure of dairy goats. The results showed as follows: 1) compared with the control group, dietary sodium acetate extremely significantly increased the daily milk yield of dairy goats (P<0.01), and the daily milk yield in experimental groups I and II was increased by 0.29 and 0.22 kg, respectively (P<0.01); in experimental group II, the milk fat percentage was significantly increased by 1.30 percentage points (P<0.01), and the non-fat solid content in milk was increased by 3.10% (P>0.05). 2) Compared with the control group, the rumen butyric acid content of dairy goats in experimental group II was significantly decreased (P<0.01), and there was no significant difference in rumen pH, the other volatile fatty acid content and acetic acid to propionic acid ratio (P>0.05). 3) Compared with the control group, the Sobs index, Chao1 index and Ace index of rumen microbiota in experimental group II were significantly increased (P<0.05); the results of similarity analysis (ANOSIM) also showed that there were significant differences in the structure of rumen microbiota between the two groups (P<0.05). 16S rDNA sequencing results showed that at the phylum level, Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes were the dominant phyla in the rumen of the two groups of dairy goats; at the genus level, Prevotella_1 was the dominant genus in the rumen. Compared with the control group, the relative abundances of Ruminococcus_1, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005, Prevotellaceae_UCG-004 and Lachnoclostridium_12 in rumen of dairy goats in experimental group II were significantly increased (P<0.05), while the relative abundances of Succiniclasticum and Methanobrevibacter in rumen was significantly decreased (P<0.05). 4) The results of correlation analysis showed that rumen microbiota was correlated with daily milk yield, milk fat percentage, milk protein percentage and non-fat solid content of dairy goats. In conclusion, dietary 60 g/ (d.head) sodium acetate can significantly increase the daily milk yield and milk fat percentage, significantly reduce rumen butyrate content, and improve the lactation performance of dairy goats by improving rumen microbial composition and structure. © 2023 Authors. All rights reserved.     

Effects of different sources of carbohydrates on intake,digestibility, chewing,and performance of Holstein dairy cows

To investigate the effects of different sources of carbohydrates on intake, digestibility, chewing, and performance, nine lactating Holstein dairy cows （day in milk= 100±21 d; body weight=645.7 ± 26.5 kg） were allotted to a 3 × 3 Latin square design at three 23-d periods. The three treatments included 34.91% （B）, 18.87% （BC）, and 18.86% （BB） barley that in treatment B was partially replaced with only corn or corn plus beet pulp in treatments BC and BB, respectively. The concentration of starch and neutral detergent soluble carbohydrate varied （22.2, 20.2, and 14.5; 13.6, 15.9, and 20.1% of DM in treatments B, BC, and BB, respectively）. Cows in treatment BB showed a higher DMI and improved digestibility of DM, NDF, and EE compared with treatments B or BC Ruminal pH was higher in cows fed on BB （6.83） compared with those that received B or BC treatments （6.62 and 6.73, respectively）. A lower proportion of propionate accompanied the higher pH in the BB group; however, a greater proportion of acetate and acetate： propionate ratio was observed compared with cows fed either on the B or BC diet. Moreover, cows fed on the BB diet showed the lowest ruminal passage rate and longest ruminal and total retention time. Eating time did not differ among treatments, rumination time was greater among cows fed on the BB diet compared with the others, whereas total chewing activity was greater than those fed on BC, but similar to those fed on B. The treatments showed no effect on milk yield. Partially replacing barley with corn or beet pulp resulted in an increase in milk fat and a lower protein concentration. Changing dietary NFC with that of a different degradability thus altered intake, chewing activity, ruminal environment, retention time or passage rate, and lactation performance. The results of this study showed that beet pulp with a higher NDF and a detergent-soluble carbohydrate or pectin established a more consistent ruminal mat than barley and corn, thus resulting in higher mean retention t     

Effect of Duodenal Soybean Small Peptides Infusion on Mammary Uptake of Amino Acid and Expression of APN in Lactating Goat

<正>The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of duodenal infusion of soybean small peptides(SSP) on mammary uptake of amino acids(AA).Eight Chinese Saanen goats with duodenal fistulae and catheters were used in a crossover design trial.Goats were infused with 0,60,120,180 g/d SSP.The experimental period lasted for 14 d.The results showed:1) milk protein yield and content were increased,with the increment in milk protein yield being significant(P0.05).Milk fat yield and content were decreased with the increased amount of SSP infused(P0.05).2) Mammary plasma flow was not changed(P0.05) by SSP infusion though the average was slightly higher.Mammary plasma flow/milk yield was decreased by SSP infusion and there was significant difference between the 120 g/d treatment and the control(P0.05).3) Compared with the control treatment,uptakes of most free amino acids were increased in the 60 and 120 g/d treatments,but decreased by the 180 g/d treatment.The uptakes of all peptide-bound essential amino acids(PB-EAA) were increased except for PB-Ile.Uptake of PB-Val,PB-Leu, PB-Phe,PB-Thr,PB-Met and PB-Lys was highest in the 120 g/d treatment.Among the peptide-bound nonessential amino acids(PB-NEAA),uptake of PB-Ser,PB-Tyr,and PB-Pro was increased(P0.05) while that of PB-Gly was decreased(P0.05).4) With the exception of Lys,secretion of all essential AA(EAA) was increased by SSP infusion from 0-120 g/d(P0.05),while in the 180 g/d treatment the increase was not significant and was lower than that in the 120 g/d treatment.5) The expression of APN was increased by SSP;in the 60,120,180 g/d treatments expression was 13.55-,18.69-,and 10.01-fold over that of the controls.Conclusion:SSP might be used as substrates for milk protein synthesis by mammary gland,and can increase synthesis and secretion of milk protein.There was reason to believe that uptake and use of AA was either saturated or inhibited at high levels of infusion of SSP.Increased APN expression with infusion of SSP related to mammary uptake of PBAA by mammary gland,which suggested that APN was one of the peptidases regulating use of AA from small peptides in mammary tissue.     

Effects of dietary neutral detergent fiber on muscle fiber type composition and meat quality characteristics of black Tibetan sheep北大核心CSCD

The effects of different neutral detergent fiber （NDF） diets on body size indexes，muscle fiber type and meat quality of Qinghai black Tibetan sheep were investigated. Forty healthy 2-month-old black Tibetan sheep with similar body weights ［（10.28±0.43 kg］ were randomly divided into 2 groups with 20 rams per group. They were fed diets with differing neutral detergent fiber （NDF） levels of 26.33% （group L） and 46.14% （group H）. Using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay， ATPase histochemical stain and real-time PCR， the muscle fiber characteristics，gene expression of myosin heavy chains （MyHCs） and meat quality in Black Tibetan sheep were evaluated. Results were as follows：1） The tagma indexes in group H were significantly lower than those in group L （P<0.05）. 2） The number of type II a muscle fibers in group H was significantly more than in group L （P< 0.05），and the areas of type I and type II a muscle fibers in group H were also greater than in group L （P< 0.05）. 3） The mRNA expression levels of MyHC I and MyHC IIa in group L were lower than those in group H （P<0.05），but the mRNA expression levels of MyHC IIb and MyHC IIx exhibited an opposite movement （P< 0.05）. 4） Compared with group L，superoxide dismutase，glutathione peroxidase，catalase and total antioxidant capacity contents increased （P>0.05） in group H，while the malondialdehyde （MDA） content was significantly decreased with in group L. 5） The muscle shear force in Group L was higher than that in Group H （P<0.05），while the redness （a*） was lower than that in Group H （P>0.05）. In conclusion，compared with a low-NDF diet，the high-NDF diet effectively reduced the proportion of glycolic muscle fiber and also enhanced antioxidant capacity，improving the muscle quality of black Tibetan sheep. © 2022 Editorial Office of Acta Prataculturae Sinica. All rights reserved.     

Transcriptome analysis of the effect of pyrroloquinoline quinone disodium(PQQ·Na_2) on reproductive performance in sows during gestation and lactation

Background: Pyrroloquinoline quinone(PQQ), which is a water soluble, thermo-stable triglyceride-quinone, is widely distributed in nature and characterized as a mammalian vitamin-like redox cofactor. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of pyrroloquinoline quinone disodium(PQQ·Na2) on reproductive performance in sows.Results: Dietary supplementation with PQQ·Na2 significantly increased the total number of piglets born, the number of piglets born alive and the born alive litter weight. It also increased the antioxidant status in the placenta, plasma and milk. The concentration of NO was significantly increased in the plasma and placenta. RNA-seq analysis showed that462 unigenes were differentially expressed between the control(Con) treatment and PQQ treatment groups.Among these unigenes, 199 were upregulated, while 263 unigenes were downregulated. The assigned functions of the unigenes covered a broad range of GO categories. Reproduction(27, 7.03%) and the reproduction process(27, 7.03%) were assigned to the biological process category. By matching DEGs to the KEGG database, we identified 29 pathways.Conclusions: In conclusion, dietary supplementation with PQQ·Na2 in gestating and lactating sows had positive effects on their reproductive performance.     

间作比例和调亏灌溉对春小麦/紫花苜蓿间作中春小麦灌浆期旗叶性状的影响

探讨不同间作比例下调亏灌溉对春小麦灌浆期旗叶性状的影响,进一步阐明豆科/禾本科间作优势,可为构建河西走廊地区适宜的粮草种植模式提供参考。设置春小麦单播(SW)、春小麦∶紫花苜蓿12∶4(12W4A)和8∶4(8W4A)的带状间作以及灌溉量为450(I₄₅₀)、360(I₃₆₀)、270(I₂₇₀)和180 mm(I₁₈₀)的水分梯度,通过测定灌浆期旗叶性状指标来分析间作下调亏灌溉对春小麦旗叶性状的影响。结果表明：1)随灌溉量降低,春小麦旗叶的叶面积呈先增大后减小的趋势,在I₃₆₀下达到最大值;而比叶重、叶氮浓度和叶绿素含量呈上升趋势,叶长宽比和叶干物质含量无明显变化。2)总体上,春小麦旗叶面积表现为8W4A>12W4A,比叶重、叶氮浓度和叶绿素含量为12W4A>8W4A。12W4A的冠层结构下春小麦群体生长空间比例适宜,有利于旗叶光合同化作用的发挥。     

盐胁迫对5份无芒雀麦苗期生长和生理生化的影响及综合性评价

为了明确不同无芒雀麦苗期耐盐能力的强弱,本研究选择5份不同株型的无芒雀麦作为供试材料。根据新疆土壤盐碱成分设置中性盐(M盐)：NaCl∶Na₂SO₄∶Na₂CO₃=1∶4∶0和碱性盐(A盐)：NaCl∶Na₂SO₄∶Na₂CO₃=1∶1∶8两种处理,于三叶期每盆一次性浇灌2 L电导率(EC)为20 ms·cm^-1的盐处理液,CK浇灌等量自来水。处理30 d后测定生长指标、叶绿素荧光特性参数、丙二醛(MDA)和渗透调节物质含量,并通过相关性分析、主成分分析、隶属函数分析对13个指标进行分析评价。结果表明：除F_v/F_m和F_v/F_o外,盐胁迫显著影响其余11个指标,且5份材料间差异显著(P<0.05);5份无芒雀麦的株高、茎粗、分蘖数、地上生物量、根冠比、MDA和脯氨酸含量在不同盐胁迫下表现出不同的适应变...     

灌溉模式对河西灌区禾-豆间作系统饲草产量、品质和水分利用的影响

2019-2020年，在甘肃河西地区设置玉米单作(C)、玉米-秣食豆间作(CM)和玉米-拉巴豆间作(CL)3个种植方式，每个种植方式设置重度亏水(T₁)、后期亏水(T₂)、交替亏水(T₃)、后期轻度亏水(T₄)、前期轻度亏水(T₅)和充分灌溉(T₆)6种灌溉模式，研究灌溉模式对禾-豆间作系统饲草产量、品质和水分利用的影响。结果表明，两年CM和CL处理的群体干草产量显著高于C,2019年较C分别增加6.48%和9.47%,2020年分别增加9.09%和13.11%。两年CM和CL处理的群体酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)和中性洗涤纤维(NDF)含量显著低于C，而群体粗蛋白含量、粗灰分含量及相对饲用价值(RFV)显著高于C,2019年CM和CL处理的RFV较C分别增加10.73%和13.06%,2020年分别增加7.39%和10.59%。两年CL处理的水分利用效率(WUE)和灌水相对生产效率(IPE)显著高于C,2019年较C分别增加7.77%和11.41%,2020年...     

Effects of nitrogen forms on growth and nitrogen assimilation and utilization of Buchloe dactyloides北大核心CSCD

This research explored the nitrogen (N) uptake preference of Buchloe dactyloides, in order to improve the management of this species over the whole growth cycle. The experiment included two cultivars of B. dactyloides (‘Sundancer’ and ‘Texoka’) and four different N regimes (N0: No N as the control, N1: Urea, N2: Nitrate N, N3: Ammonium N and N4: a 1:1 mixture of nitrate N and ammonium N). The rate of N applied was 500 mg N·kg soil–1 in each case. It was found that total N content, root nitrate reductase (NR) activity, glutamine synthetase (GS) activity and shoot glutamate synthase (GOGAT) activity of B. dactyloides were significantly improved by adding mixed N (P<0.05). Shoot nitrate N content of B. dactyloides was significantly improved by adding nitrate N (P<0.05). Root nitrate N and ammonium N contents of B. dactyloides were significantly improved by adding urea (P<0.05). The shoot ammonium N content and NR activity of B. dactyloides were significantly improved by adding ammonium N (P<0.05). Shoot GS activity of B. dactyloides was significantly reduced by adding ammonium N (P<0.05). Root GOGAT activity of B. dactyloides was significantly reduced by adding nitrate N (P<0.05). Mixed N can better improve the physiological activity and promote the growth of B. dactyloides, but single nitrogen source will inhibit some nitrogen assimilase activity. Based on these results, it is recommended that 1:1 mixed nitrogen should be used as the nitrogen source in the production of B. dactyloides. Where the ammonium:nitrate is not 1:1, urea should be used as the nitrogen source. © 2022 Editorial Office of Acta Prataculturae Sinica. All rights reserved.     

“3414”施肥效应对宁夏干旱区无芒雀麦种子产量和质量的影响

为探究宁夏干旱区无芒雀麦(Bromus inermis Leyss)种子生产最佳施肥配比,采用“3414”施肥设计进行随机区组试验,研究了不同氮(Nitrogen,N)、磷(Phosphorus,P)、钾(Kalium,K)配比对无芒雀麦种子产量和质量的影响,利用灰色关联度进行综合分析评价,以期为宁夏干旱区无芒雀麦种子高效生产提供理论依据。结果表明,N,P和K配比对无芒雀麦种子产量及构成因素、种子质量均有显著影响(P<0.05),其中N₂P₂K₂(氮、磷和钾的施肥量分别为90,105和60kg·hm^-2)处理的实际种子产量最高,达2308.89kg·hm^-2,较对照N₀P₀K₀(不施肥)处理显著增产53.98%;N₂P₂K₂处理种子发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数最高,发芽势仅次于处理N₀P₂K₂(氮、磷和钾的施肥量分别为0,105和60kg·hm^-2);单位面积生殖枝数和每花序小穗数是影响实际种子产量的主要因素,且均对种子产量的贡献起直接作用。经灰色关联和多元回归函数综合评价得出,氮、磷和钾的施肥量分别为90,105和60kg·hm^-2是无芒雀麦实现高产的最佳配比,可在宁夏干旱区推广应用。     

调亏灌溉对高寒荒漠区人工混播草地土壤环境与牧草生长的影响

针对中国高寒荒漠草原区牧草种植模式单一、产量水平低下的草业畜牧业生产现状,探究更为有效的灌水模式以提高牧草产量,以实现区域水土资源高效利用。以燕麦和箭筈豌豆混播草地为研究对象,采用大田试验对比分析了7种调亏灌溉模式（拔节期轻度亏水BW₁：65%~75%,拔节期中度亏水BW₂：55%~65%,拔节期重度亏水BW₃：45%~55%,开花期轻度亏水KW₁：65%~75%,开花期中度亏水KW₂：55%~65%,开花期重度亏水KW₃：45%~55%,以全生育期充分灌水QW₀：75%~85%为对照）对混播草地土壤水分、土壤温度和土壤养分及牧草株高、茎叶比、产量和水氮利用效率的影响。结果表明：1）平均土壤贮水量随灌水亏缺程度的提高呈降低趋势,同一亏缺度条件下,拔节期亏水与开花期亏水间无显著差异。2）水分亏缺处理的平均土壤温度显著高于充分灌水处理,且水分亏缺度一定时,拔节期亏水处理的平均土壤温度显著高于开花期亏水处理。3）收获后各处理的土壤养分含量较播种前呈降低趋势。与充分灌水相比,开花期轻度亏水可显著提高土壤速效氮含量,而中度或重度水分亏缺不利于牧草对土壤速效磷和钾的吸收。4）同一灌水模式下,燕麦株高、茎叶比和产量均显著高于箭筈豌豆。7种灌水模式的草地耗水量为386.1~502.6 mm,与处理QW₀相比,处理KW₂的灌水量减少20.6%,牧草总产量无显著差异,可获得较高的水分利用效率（31.5 kg·hm^-2·mm^-1）、灌水利用效率（81.0 kg·hm^-2·mm^-1）、氮素吸收效率（0.99 kg·kg^-1）和氮肥偏生产力（191.1 kg·kg^-1）,是高寒荒漠区燕麦与箭筈豌豆混播人工草地节水、增产和高效的水分管理模式。     

Effects of dietary concentrate level and chromium-methionine supplementation on ruminal fermentation,and ruminal bacterial and fatty acid composition in Tan lambs北大核心CSCD

This study evaluated the effects of dietary concentrate level and chromium methionine(Cr-Met)supplementation on ruminal fermentation and fatty acid composition, and ruminal bacteria abundance in Tan lambs. Forty male Tan lambs [(21.00±1.23) kg body weight, 5 months of age] were randomly assigned to four treatment groups with 10 lambs in each treatment. The treatments were: a low-concentrate (LC) diet (concentrate:forage, 35:65) without Cr-Met supplementation; a high-concentrate (HC) diet (concentrate:forage, 55:45) without Cr-Met supplementation; groups fed the HC diet with 0.75 or 1.50 g·d-1·lamb-1 Cr-Met (HCM and HCH, respectively). Ruminal fluid was collected on day 65 with an oral stomach tube about 3 h after the morning feed and samples used for fermentation analysis, fatty acid composition determination and bacterial DNA extraction. It was found that: 1) Ruminal pH, acetate proportion and acetate:propionate were greater (P<0.05) with the LC diet whereas microbial crude protein, propionate and valerate proportions were greater (P<0.05) with the HC diet. The acetate:propionate was greater (P<0.05) in the HCM group than in the HC group. 2) For the HC diet, the DNA abundances of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens vaccenic acid subgroup (Butyrivibrio VA) and Ruminococcus flavefaciens were decreased (P<0.05), compared with the LC diet, whereas the DNA abundance of Anaerovibrio lipolytica was increased (P<0.05). For lambs fed the HC diet, DNA abundances of B. fibrisolvens stearic acid subgroup, Butyrivibrio VA, Butyrivibrio proteoclasticus, and A. lipolytica showed a linear decrease (P<0.05) with increasing Cr-Met supplementation level; However, the DNA abundance of R. flavefaciens showed a linear increase (P<0.05). 3) Compared with the LC group, the concentrations of t11 C18:1, trans C18:1, c9t11 CLA, t10c12 CLA, C18:2n6, and C18:3n3 were decreased by the HC diet without Cr-Met supplementation whereas the concentration of C18:0 was increased. There was a linear increase in t11 C18:1 and trans C18:1 with increasing Cr-Met supplementation level in lambs fed the HC diet. The results suggest that the HC diet inhibited the growth of ruminal bacteria involved in the ruminal biohydrogenation process, and the addition of Cr-Met had a potentially positive effect on conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) synthesis in body tissue. © 2022, Editorial Office of Acta Prataculturae Sinica. All rights reserved.     

种植密度与施氮对玉米/秣食豆间作系统饲草产量、品质和氮肥利用的影响

2019和2020年在河西灌区进行玉米/秣食豆间作田间试验,设置7.5（D₁）、9.0（D₂）、10.5万株·hm^-2（D₃）3个青贮玉米种植密度,每个种植密度下设置0（N₁）、120（N₂）、240（N₃）、360 kg·hm^-2（N₄）4个施氮水平,探究种植密度与施氮对饲草产量、品质和氮肥利用的影响。结果表明,两年D₂和D₃处理的青贮玉米、秣食豆及总体的干草产量、粗蛋白产量显著高于D₁,N₃和N₄处理的青贮玉米及总体的干草产量、粗蛋白产量显著高于N₂和N₁。所有处理中,D₂N₃获得了最高的总干草产量,2019和2020年分别为36.16和30.31 t·hm^-2。两年随着密度的增加,青贮玉米、秣食豆及总体的粗蛋白、粗脂肪含量呈下降趋势,而粗灰分、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维含量呈增加趋势。随着施氮量的增加,总体粗蛋白、粗脂肪含量增加,而粗灰分、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维含量呈下降趋势。两年D₂处理下总体氮含量、氮吸收量和氮肥利用效率显著高于D₃,且D₂获得较高的氮肥农学效率。N₂、N₃、N₄处理的总体氮含量和氮吸收量显著高于N₁,N₃处理的氮肥农学效率和氮肥利用效率显著高于N₄。所有处理中D₂N₃获得最高的氮肥利用效率,2019和2020年分别为1.41和0.86 kg·kg^-1。因此,该处理是一种河西灌区青贮玉米/秣食豆间作系统适宜的田间管理措施,具有一定推广价值。     

带幅设计对玉米/苜蓿间作群体光环境特征及光能利用效率的影响北大核心CSCD

探究间作带幅设计对玉米/苜蓿间作群体光环境特征、产量及光能利用效率(LUE)的影响,提出黄土高原旱作条件下玉米/苜蓿间作群体最佳带幅比例。研究设置了玉米单作(SM)、紫花苜蓿单作(SA)以及玉米/紫花苜蓿1∶2(I_(12))、2∶2(I_(22))和2∶4(I_(24))间作5种种植模式,并采用田间试验和数学模拟相结合的方法,分别测定了玉米和苜蓿的干物质产量及作物冠层光合有效辐射(PAR)等指标;建立了考虑光线入射角度和群体冠层结构几何关系的玉米/苜蓿间作群体辐射传输模型,并用实测值对其进行了验证。试验结果表明,在2018年,单作处理的苜蓿干物质产量显著高于间作处理(P<0.05),而在2019年各间作处理苜蓿的干物质分别比单作高197.8、180.3和197.0 g·m^(-2);处理I_(12)、I_(22)和I_(24)两年总的玉米生物量比SM处理高12.1%、0.9%和23.9%。所有间作处理的土地当量比在2019年均大于1.0,表现出间作优势。辐射传输模型可准确模拟玉米/苜蓿间作群体冠层底部的光合有效辐射,间作群体光合有效辐射模拟值与实测值的平均绝对误差和均方根误差分别为59.0和66.6μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1)。除玉米和苜蓿生育前期及玉米收获后,不同间作处理苜蓿群体冠层上方的PAR均低于单作苜蓿。2018和2019年I_(12)、I_(22)和I_(24)间作处理玉米的光能利用效率分别比单作处理高52.5%、9.3%、51.7%和28.5%、9.6%、21.0%,而间作苜蓿的LUE仅在2019年显著高于单作19.2%、32.4%和20.9%(P<0.05)。因此,合理的玉米/苜蓿间作带幅搭配可改善苜蓿的光照环境,提高其光能利用效率,尤其是玉米/紫花苜蓿2∶4间作群体光能利用效率和产量优势显著,建议在具有类似气候的地区推广种植。     

机播深度、播种量和施肥量对苦荞倒伏及产量的影响

为探明小型机械在丘陵山区播种苦荞的农机农技配套技术，以酉荞5号（中抗倒伏苦荞品种）为试验材料，于2016和2017年秋季，利用播种深度2（A₁）、3（A₂）和4 cm（A₃），播种量16.8（B₁）、33.6（B₂）和50.4 kg·hm^-2（B₃），施肥量150（C₁）、300（C₂）和450 kg·hm^-2（C₃）三因素三水平设计L₉3⁴正交试验，研究9个处理水平对苦荞倒伏和产量的影响。结果表明：对苦荞倒伏影响表现为播种深度>播种量>施肥量，随播种深度的增加，倒伏时期后移，3 cm播种深度苦荞倒伏级别和倒伏率最小；随播种量、施肥量的增加倒伏级别和倒伏率都增大。茎秆基部第二节间长度、茎粗、鲜重和抗折力从盛花期到成熟期逐渐增加，对茎秆基部第二节间茎粗、鲜重和抗折力的影响表现为播种量>播种深度>施肥量，随播种量的增加，第二节间茎粗、鲜重和抗折力逐渐减小，第二节间长度先减后增；播深对茎秆第二节间长度影响大于播量和施肥量，随播深的增加，第二节间茎粗、鲜重和抗折力先增后减，第二节间长度先减后增；随施肥量的增加，第二节间长度、直径、鲜重和抗折力逐渐增加。从盛花期到成熟期茎秆基部第二节间4-香豆酸辅酶A连接酶（4-coumarate：CoA ligase， 4CL）、苯丙氨酸解氨酶（phenylalanine ammonia-lyase，PAL）、肉桂醇脱氢酶（cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase，CAD）活性先升后降，木质素含量逐渐增加，对木质素含量、4CL、PAL、CAD酶活性的影响表现为播种量>播种深度>施肥量。对产量、单株粒数和总株数的影响表现为播种量>播种深度>施肥量，对千粒重的影响表现为播种量>施肥量>播种深度。随播种量的增加，总株数增加，单株粒数和千粒重减少，产量先增后减；随播种深度的增加，产量、单株粒数和总株数先升后降，千粒重先减后增；随施肥量的增加，总株数和产量差异不显著，单株粒数和千粒重显著增加。本试验条件下，丘陵山区苦荞小型机械播种A₂B₂C₃处理（3 cm播种深度、33.6 kg·hm^-2播种量和450 kg·hm^-2施肥量）最佳。