不同基因型油菜锌效率机理Ⅰ ——耐低锌油菜基因型苗期筛选指标研究

采用营养液培养试验比较了低锌营养下芥菜、白菜、甘蓝型3个油菜(Brassica napus L.)品种幼苗的生物量，抗氧化酶活性，根系活力，叶绿素含量及对锌的吸收、利用差异。试验结果表明，3个油菜品种由于基因型不同，在耐低锌营养能力方面存在显著性差异。在低锌时(10-6mol/L Zn2+)，幼苗植株地上部干重以芥菜型>甘蓝型>白菜型，地上部干重分别较无锌对照处理增加17.8%(芥菜型)、9.9%(白菜型)、3.3%(甘蓝型)。芥菜型叶CAT、POD、SOD活性，叶绿素含量及根系活力也明显高于甘蓝型和白菜型油菜。锌积累量及锌利用率也以芥菜型远远大于其它2个品种，锌素利用效率分别为12.3%（芥菜型），8.0%(白菜型)，4.9% (甘蓝型)。苗期油菜叶CAT、POD、SOD等抗氧化酶活性、叶绿素含量及根系活力可以作为筛选耐低锌营养油菜基因型的评价指标之一。     

高碳酸钙条件下供锌对不同基因型小麦生长和养分吸收的影响

为了探明CaCO3对不同基因型小麦Zn吸收的影响,采用人工春化后的小麦幼苗在温室中进行了水培试验。结果表明:缺Zn和在营养液中添加100 mg/L CaCO3对小麦分蘖和生长发育未表现出明显的不良影响,而供试的3种基因型小麦(远丰998、中育6号及小偃22)的分蘖数及长势有明显的差异。与缺Zn相比,供Zn使小麦根部P吸收量增加25.6%,但对N,K吸收无明显影响。供Zn显著提高了小麦植株各部分尤其是根中的Zn含量和吸收量,而不同基因型间无显著差异,添加CaCO3未降低对Zn的吸收。添加CaCO3后,小麦叶片叶绿素SPAD值降低21.4%,但对小麦植株的Fe吸收无明显影响。据此推测叶绿素SPAD值的降低并非由于CaCO3降低小麦对Fe的吸收而引起的,其原因有待进一步研究。而供Zn仅能增加小麦根部Fe吸收量,对地上部无明显影响。无论是否供Zn,Fe主要累积在小麦的根部,而供Zn加剧了这种累积。     

黄淮海地区夏玉米锌高效基因型的筛选研究

缺锌是限制黄淮海地区石灰性土壤中玉米生长发育的重要因子之一，施用锌肥是玉米获得稳产高产的重要措施。为筛选黄淮海地区适宜种植的锌高效基因型夏玉米，以10个主栽夏玉米基因型为研究对象开展大田试验，设置4个喷锌时期，研究各基因型在施锌条件下果穗凸尖长和籽粒产量及锌含量的变化，根据锌响应度差异筛选出夏玉米锌高效基因型。结果表明：喷施锌肥4.5 kg ZnSO₄·7H₂O/hm²后，玉米果穗秃尖长度显著降低，拔节期大口期1:1喷锌处理下籽粒产量提高7.5%达8.73 t/hm²，籽粒锌含量提高34.3%达43.94 mg/kg。与不施锌相比，拔节期大口期1:1喷锌处理下，各基因型玉米以‘迪卡653’和‘隆平638’的秃尖长降幅最大，‘谷神玉66’和‘郑单958’增产最明显，‘郑单958’籽粒锌含量增幅最大。各基因型玉米锌响应度聚类分析表明，‘谷神玉66’和‘郑单958’为锌高效型品种，可在缺锌地区的黄淮海夏玉米生产中进行推广种植，在拔节期大口期1:1喷施锌肥总量4.5 kg ZnSO₄·...     

油菜不同产量类型品种氮素吸收与利用特性研究?靠

探讨甘蓝型油菜不同产量类型品种氮素吸收与利用特性.在不同土壤肥力条件下以甘蓝型油菜品种(2006-2007年度73个、2007-2008年度98个)为材料,成熟期测定各器官干物重、氮素含量,采用组内最小平方和动态聚类方法对供试品种产量进行聚类.研究不同产量类型品种氮素积累与分配差异.结果表明:供试品种间产量差异很大,类型间差异显著.随着产量增加,氮素吸收总量、氮素籽粒生产效率增加,籽粒氮素积累量增加,茎枝、果壳氮素分配比例下降,籽粒氮素比例增加.土壤肥力高,植株吸氮总量增加,氮素籽粒生产效率降低.增加氮素吸收总量,促进氮素向籽粒中输送,使得高产和高氮素利用效率统一.     

抗旱品种‘豫烟6号’钾吸收积累特性研究

为研究抗旱烟草品种苗期的钾吸收积累特性,采用砂培和水培的方法,以‘豫烟6号’、‘农大202’和常规品种‘K326’3个基因型烟草作为材料,研究‘豫烟6号’的根系生理特性和钾吸收特征,以及干物质积累差异。结果表明,在不同供钾条件下,‘豫烟6号’的干物质积累以及各器官钾含量均与‘农大202’相近,而显著高于‘K326’,并且具有较大的吸收面积和较强的根系活力。钾吸收动力学的研究结果表明,‘豫烟6号’的最大吸收效率(Vmax)接近‘农大202’,而极显著的高于‘K326’,而不同基因型烟草间米氏常数(Km)和最低浓度(Cmin)无明显差异。结果表明,‘豫烟6号’具有较强的钾素吸收和积累能力,是一个富钾的烟草品种。     

接种Glomus mosseae对磷石膏施用烤烟苗期生长及磷、硫、砷吸收的影响

为了研究接种丛枝茵根真菌（arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, AMF）对低硫缺磷土壤上烤烟苗期生长及养分吸收的作用,以及磷石膏在农业上应用的可行性问题,通过盆栽模拟试验研究了添加或不添加磷石膏与接种丛枝茵根真菌Glomus mosseae（GM）对烤烟‘NC297’苗期生长及磷、硫、砷吸收的影响。研究结果表明：无论接种与否,与不添加磷石膏（PG0）处理相比,添加磷石膏40g／kg（PG40）使‘NC297’植株地上部和根系的生物量得到明显增加,地上部和根系的磷含量和磷吸收量以及磷、硫、砷的吸收效率显著增加,因而使其根系砷含量、吸收量和磷砷吸收比及其地上部硫含量和吸收量也有显著增加。同一磷石膏添加水平下,接种GM真菌显著增加了烤烟‘NC297’磷的吸收效率（SAR）和磷砷吸收比、地上部磷、硫含量及吸收量,显著降低了PG0处理下‘NC297’地上部和根系的砷含量及砷吸收量。因此,PG40和接种GM真菌组合处理更有效地促进烤烟‘NC297’植株磷、硫等营养元素的吸收,并在一定程度上抵御砷的胁迫而改善生长。     

施氮量对超级双季早稻产量及氮肥吸收利用的影响

为探讨施氮量对超级双季早稻产量及氮肥吸收利用的影响,以超级杂交早稻‘新丰优22’和‘金优458’为材料,设置6个施氮水平,研究不同施氮量对超级双季早稻产量和氮肥吸收利用的影响。结果表明：施氮处理水稻产量显著高于不施氮处理,‘新丰优22’最高的N4比N0提高了120.86%,‘金优458’N4比N0提高了145.34%,在0~195 kg/hm2范围内,籽粒产量随施氮量的增加而增加,当氮肥施用量达到195 kg/hm2时产量最高,而后有所下降;在低氮水平下,增加氮肥施用量有利于提高单位面积水稻有效穗数、稻谷和稻草的氮吸收量;成熟期籽粒含氮量随施氮量的增加有明显增加的趋势;氮肥农学效率和氮肥偏生产力均随施氮量的增加而降低,‘金优458’氮肥农学效率是N1>N2>N3>N4>N5,‘新丰优22’为N1>N4>N2>N3>N5。     

油菜不同产量类型品种氮素吸收与利用特性研究

摘要: 【研究目的】探讨甘蓝型油菜不同产量类型品种氮素吸收与利用特性。【方法】在不同土壤肥力条件下以甘蓝型油菜品种（2006-2007年度73个、2007-2008年度98个）为材料,成熟期测定各器官干物重、氮素含量,采用组内最小平方和动态聚类方法对供试品种产量进行聚类。研究不同产量类型品种氮素积累与分配差异。【结果】结果表明：供试品种间产量差异很大,类型间差异显著。随着产量增加,氮素吸收总量、氮素籽粒生产效率增加,籽粒氮素积累量增加,茎枝、果壳氮素分配比例下降,籽粒氮素比例增加。土壤肥力高,植株吸氮总量增加,氮素籽粒生产效率降低。【结论】增加氮素吸收总量,促进氮素向籽粒中输送,使得高产和高氮素利用效率统一。     

硫素对不同基因型大豆脂肪酸含量的影响

为了提高大豆脂肪酸含量,改善大豆品质,通过施用硫素,揭示其对不同基因型大豆脂肪酸含量的影响,寻找3个基因型品种最佳施硫水平。选用‘黑农37’(HN37)、‘黑农44’(HN44)‘黑农48’(HN48)3个大豆品种作为试验材料,采用盆栽,每个品种设S1、S2、S3、S4 4个硫处理（即每千克土壤施用单质硫0、0.02、0.04、0.06 g）。采用高效气相色谱法,对成熟大豆籽粒脂肪酸的含量进行测定。结果表明：3个基因型大豆籽粒中脂肪酸含量均有所增加。同一处理不同品种NH44含量增加较为明显,同一品种不同处理S3条件下各脂肪酸含量增加较为明显。并且在S3条件下,HN37和HN48籽粒中出现了微量的豆蔻酸;HN44籽粒中亚油酸和硬脂酸2种脂肪酸含量均远高于其他品种;HN48籽粒中油酸的含量最高;HN44、HN48和HN37三个基因型大豆籽粒中α-亚麻酸和棕榈酸含量差异不明显。施硫对3个大豆品种脂肪酸含量有影响,适宜的施硫量有利于提高大豆脂肪酸的含量。     

施氮对不同氮效率玉米干物质形成及籽粒发育的影响

为了揭示不同氮效率玉米在不同氮素水平下籽粒发育和地上部干物质积累的差异,通过田间小区试验,在3个氮素供应水平N0、N1、N2（施纯氮量分别为0、140、210 kg/hm²）下,对6个不同玉米品种（‘屯玉99’(A),‘并单390’(B)、‘郑单958’(C)、‘晋单65’(D)、‘先玉335’(E)、‘潞玉19’(F)）干物质的积累变化和籽粒发育进行了对比分析。结果表明：这6个品种可以分为3种不同氮效率类型：高氮高效型（‘屯玉99’和‘并单390’）;双高效型（‘晋单65’和‘先玉335’）;低氮高效型（‘潞玉19’和‘郑单958’）。在N1(140 kg/hm²)水平下氮素能够明显促进玉米营养体干物质的积累,促进籽粒产量的增加。随着施氮量的增加,高氮高效型和双高效型品种光合碳量增加,为籽粒提供了充足的碳源;高氮高效性品种地上部干物质积累的增加大于籽粒干物质的积累的增加,而双高效品种籽粒干物质积累增加较快。同时,施氮还可以促进这2种类型玉米顶部籽粒发育,增加产量。而低氮高效品种在氮素作用下,营养体干物质有明显增加,籽粒没有明显变化;施氮会促进营养体干物质的转移;同时过高(N2)或过低(N0)的施氮量都会造成其顶部籽粒发育不完善,影响产量。     

不同P-Zn配比对小麦幼苗微量元素营养的影响

采用了螯合-缓冲营养液培养方法对小麦进行了苗期培养试验,在3个P水平(0,0.6,3.0 mmol/L)和3个Zn水平(0,3,30 μmol/L)的完全组合下对小麦苗期生长及Zn、Fe、Cu、Mn营养进行了研究,旨在为小麦微肥施用提供理论依据.结果表明,P、Zn的正常供应促进了小麦生长,二者的缺乏与过量均会抑制小麦发育,且这种影响在冠部表现得更为明显.在小麦苗期,Zn与Cu的吸收存在明显的拮抗作用,但供Zn则促进了Zn和Cu的转运,而Mn转运则受到了抑制;过量供Zn时,大量Zn被转运到冠部,同时明显抑制了(Fe+Cu+Mn)的吸收总量;P的供应显著地抑制了Fe的吸收,但P的供应提高了Zn、Cu、Mn的转运率;P、Zn在对Zn与Fe、Cu、Mn间吸收竞争的影响中,Zn本身的影响要比P的影响更为明显,供Zn明显促进了小麦幼苗对Zn的吸收;在小麦幼苗冠部,Zn与Fe的竞争中,供P利于Zn的吸收,缺P则利于Fe的吸收;而Zn与Cu以及Zn与Mn间的竞争中,缺磷时利于Zn的吸收,供磷后则利于Cu和Mn的吸收.总之,小麦幼苗Zn、Fe、Cu、Mn营养中,P、Zn的不同配比会不同程度地改变Zn与Fe、Cu、Mn的协同或拮抗效应.     

Combined Effect of Zinc and Cadmium Levels on Root Antioxidative Responses in Three Different Zinc‐Efficient Wheat Genotypes

This work was undertaken to investigate the effect of zinc (Zn) nutrition on root antioxidative responses to cadmium (Cd) toxicity of three wheat genotypes differing in Zn efficiency. A hydroponic experiment was carried out in which two bread wheat genotypes (Triticum aestivum L. cvs. ‘Rushan’ and ‘Cross’) and one durum wheat genotype (Triticum durum L. cv. Durum) were exposed to three Zn²⁺ (10^?11.11, 10^?9.11 and 10^?8.81 μm ) and two Cd²⁺ (10^?11.21 and 10^?10.2 μm ) activity levels. ‘Durum’ showed the highest root sulfhydryl (‐SH) groups content and activity of catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the lowest root membrane permeability among the studied wheat genotypes. In ‘Durum’, Zn nutrition increased root ‐SH groups concentration of seedlings in Cd‐free nutrient solution. In ‘Cross’, as Zn²⁺ activity increased from 10^?11.11 to 10^?9.11 μm , root ‐SH groups concentration was increased while decreased with increasing Zn²⁺ to 10^?8.81 μm . Cadmium increased root membrane permeability at both 10^?11.11 and 10^?9.11 μm Zn²⁺ levels. Activity of CAT and APX increased in roots of ‘Durum’ plants exposed to Cd at Zn²⁺ = 10^?9.11 μm and thereafter decreased with increasing Zn²⁺ activity. In contrast, CAT and APX activity in roots of ‘Cross’ and ‘Rushan’ genotypes exposed to Cd decreased by increasing Zn activity to 10^?9.11 μm and then increased at Zn²⁺ = 10^?8.81μm . The results showed an increase in activities of antioxidative enzymes in Cd‐treated plants, although this increase was dependent on the crop genotype and Zn levels in the media.     

The Physiology and Stability of Leaf Carbon Isotope Discrimination as a Measure of Water‐Use Efficiency in Barley on the Canadian Prairies

Temporal and seasonal water deficit is one of the major factors limiting crop yield on the Canadian prairie. Selection for low carbon isotope discrimination (Δ¹³C) or high water‐use efficiency (WUE) can lead to improved yield in some environments. To understand better the physiology and WUE of barley under drought conditions on the Canadian prairie, 12 barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) genotypes with contrasting levels of leaf Δ¹³C were investigated for performance stability across locations and years in Alberta, Canada. Four of those genotypes (‘CDC Cowboy’, ‘Niobe’, ‘170011’ and ‘Kasota’) were also grown in the greenhouse under well‐watered and water‐deficit conditions to examine genotypic variations in leaf Δ¹³C, WUE, gas exchange parameters and specific leaf area (SLA). The water‐deficit treatment was imposed at the jointing stage for 10 days followed by re‐watering to pre‐deficit level. Genotypic ranking in leaf Δ¹³C was highly consistent, with ‘170011’, ‘CDC Cowboy’ and ‘W89001002003’ being the lowest and ‘Kasota’‘160049’ and ‘H93174006’ being the highest leaf Δ¹³C. Under field and greenhouse (well‐watered) conditions, leaf Δ¹³C was significantly correlated with stomatal conductance (g_s). Water deficit significantly increased WUE, with ‘CDC Cowboy’– a low leaf Δ¹³C genotype with significantly higher WUE and lower percentage decline in assimilation rate (A) and g_s than the other three genotypes (‘Niobe’, ‘170011’ and ‘Kasota’). We conclude that leaf Δ¹³C is a stable trait in the genotypes evaluated. Low leaf Δ¹³C of ‘CDC Cowboy’ was achieved by maintaining a high A and a low g_s, with comparable biomass and grain yield to genotypes showing a high g_s under field conditions; hence, selection for a low leaf Δ¹³C genotype such as ‘CDC Cowboy’ maybe important for maintaining productivity and yield stability under water‐limited conditions on the Canadian prairie.     

缺锌条件下小麦的养分吸收状况及不同基因型的耐性差异

采用螯合-缓冲营养液（Chelator-buffer culture solution）进行培养试验,对缺锌条件下3种小麦基因型（绵阳19、邯6172、新麦13）的生长发育状况及对P、Cu、Fe、Mn营养的影响进行了研究,并且应用4种指标,即锌效率（缺锌与锌充足供应条件下小麦地上部干物质之比）、相对冠根比（缺锌与锌充足供应条件下小麦冠根比之比）、缺锌条件下小麦地上部的锌吸收量、干物质量,对3种小麦的耐缺锌能力进行了比较。结果表明,在锌缺乏条件下小麦地上部生长量明显降低,而根系依然能保持相对较强的生长发育能力;不同小麦基因型对缺锌的耐性存在明显差异,其中邯6172的耐性最强;在缺锌胁迫条件下,小麦地上部Cu、Fe、Mn含量及Cu／Zn、Fe／Zn、Mn／Zn均明显升高,地上部锌含量与Cu、Fe、Mn含量均呈极显著负相关,说明锌缺乏能够促进Cu、Fe、Mn在地上部的累积。与此相反,锌缺乏条件下小麦P含量及吸收量均明显降低,地上部磷、锌含量之间极显著正相关,但与Cu,Fe,Mn相似,缺锌后P从根系向地上部的转运率升高。同时,对缺锌耐性最强的小麦基因型邯6172在锌缺乏条件下,地上部Cu、Fe、Mn含量的升高与P含量的降低幅度均是3种供试小麦中最大的,似乎表明小麦对锌缺乏的耐性大小与对Cu、Fe、Mn的吸收能力及与对P吸收的抑制有关。     

Physiological and Molecular Characterization of Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) Genotypes for Adaptation to Drought Stress

Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is one of the most important and drought sensitive grain legumes. Drought stress is thus one of major constraints in global faba bean production. In this study, twenty local and exotic faba bean genotypes were characterized on physiological and molecular basis. Seeds of faba bean genotypes (six per pot) were sown in poly venyl chloride pots. After seedling emergence, soil moisture was maintained at 100%, 50% and 25% of field capacity designated as well watered, moderate drought and severe drought, respectively. Drought stress significantly influenced the leaf area, leaf temperature, stomatal conductance, relative leaf water contents, grain yield and water‐use efficiency. Faba bean genotypes also differed for the leaf area, leaf temperature, relative leaf water contents, grain yield and water‐use efficiency. Faba bean genotypes Kamline and L.4 were better equipped to curtail water loss, maintain tissue water status, produce stable grain yield and had better water‐use efficiency under mild and severe drought stress, and may be used in breeding programmes. Amplified fragment length polymorphism markers showed high potential in detecting polymorphism and estimating genetic diversity among faba bean genotypes. Unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean cluster analysis of the genotypes illustrated considerable association between molecular diversity, genetic background and geographic origin. In crux, high polymorphic rate and polymorphism information content values, together with the low genetic similarity observed among tested genotypes suggests a high level of heterogeneity, which may be used in breeding programmes to assemble different drought tolerance mechanisms in one genotype.     

Physiological and Yield Responses of Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) to Drought Stress in Managed and Open Field Environments

Water scarcity is threatening the sustainability of global food grain production systems. Devising management strategies and identification of crop species and genotypes are direly required to meet the global food demands with limited supply. This study, consisted of two independent experiments, was conducted to compare faba bean (Vicia faba L.) genotypes Giza Blanka, Goff‐1, Hassawi‐1, Hassawi‐2 and Gazira‐2 in terms of physiological attributes and yield under water‐limited environments. In first experiment, conducted in a growth chamber, osmotic stress of ?0.78, ?0.96, ?1.19 and ?1.65 MPa was induced using polyethylene glycol for 4 weeks. In second experiment, conducted in open field for two consecutive growing seasons, water deficit treatments were applied 3 weeks after sowing. In this experiment, irrigation was applied when an amount of evaporated water from the ‘class A pan’ evaporation reached 50 mm (well watered), 100 mm (moderate drought) and 150 mm (severe drought). Water deficit, applied in terms of osmotic stress or drought, reduced the root and shoot length, related leaf water contents, total chlorophyll contents and efficiency of photosystem‐II, plant height, grain yield and related attributes in faba bean; increased the leaf free proline, leaf soluble proteins and malondialdehyde contents, and triggered the maturity in tested faba bean genotypes. However, substantial genetic variation was observed in the tested genotypes in this regard. For instance, root length of genotypes Giza Blanka and Hassawi‐2 decreased gradually, whereas it was increased in genotypes Goff‐1, Hassawi‐1 and Gazira‐2 with increase in the level of osmotic stress. Genotypes Gazira‐2 and Hassawi‐2 had better relative leaf water contents, leaf free proline and soluble proteins under water deficit conditions; however, these were minimum in genotype Giza Blanka. Better accumulation of leaf free proline, soluble proteins, and maintenance of chlorophyll contents, tissue water, efficiency of photosystem‐II and grain weight in water‐limited conditions helped some genotypes like Hassawi‐2 to yield better. Future breeding programs for developing new faba bean genotypes for water‐limited environments may consider these traits.     

Inheritance of cellular thermotolerance in bread wheat

Leaf membrane stability (LMS) and the tetrazolium triphenyl chloride (TTC) test, heat susceptibility index (HSI), heat response index (HRI) and grain yield were used to evaluate 20 diverse wheat genotypes under normal and heat stress conditions for 2 years. The varieties ‘Seri’ and ‘Raj 3765’ had a desirable combination of cellular thermotolerance (TTC and LMS), heat tolerance (HRI) and high grain yield potential under heat stress, while ‘WH 730’ and ‘WH 533’ were better in cellular thermotolerance and heat tolerance. The varieties ‘PBW 373’ and ‘Kauz’ also performed better under heat stress in terms of grain yield and HSI/HRI. The varieties ‘Kanchan’, ‘PBW 373’, ‘NIAW 34’ and ‘GW 173’ were avoiders/escapers, ‘Seri’ and ‘HUW 234’ were tolerant to heat stress, while ‘WH 730’, ‘WH 533’, ‘Nesser’, ‘Raj 3765’ and ‘Kauz’ showed a combination of both. Correlation coefficients revealed that HRI was the most important trait, followed by TTC because the genotype having high HRI also had high grain yield and was better in mitochondrial viability and membrane stability under heat stress. Significance of GCA and SCA variances indicated the presence of both additive and dominant types of gene action. The use of the parents with high GCA effects, namely, ‘Raj 3765’ and ‘WH 730’ in a crossing programme for thermotolerance may provide desirable segregants through selection.     

Genetic variation in nitrogen uptake and utilization efficiency in a segregating DH population of winter oilseed rape

Genetic variation in nitrogen (N) use efficiency, N uptake, and N utilization was analyzed in a doubled haploid (DH) population derived from winter oilseed rape cultivars. The aim was to analyze the relative importance of uptake and utilization efficiency and to identify parameters that allow an easy selection of N efficient genotypes. Fifty-four DH lines were tested in four to seven environments at two levels of N supply: no fertilization and 240 kg N ha^?1. N uptake efficiency is defined as the amount of N acquired by a genotype as the proportion of the N available in the soil. N utilization efficiency is measured as unit grain yield per unit of N taken up. Significant genotypic variation was observed for both uptake and utilization efficiency. At low N supply, variation in N efficiency was mainly the result of differences in uptake efficiency. Seed yield was correlated positively with N uptake and N utilization efficiencies at low N supply and with N uptake at high N supply. The correlation was positive between harvest index (HI) and N use efficiency at both N levels (r = 0.45**; r = 0.36**) and for HI and N utilization at low N supply (r = 0.46**), indicating that a shorter plant ideotype might be more N efficient. The interaction between genotypes and N supply for grain yield was highly significant, and the correlation between low N and high N was of only medium size (r = 0.60**), suggesting the possibility of selecting genotypes with specific adaptation to low N supply.     

Inheritance of tolerance to zinc deficiency in barley

Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is often grown on alkaline zinc (Zn)‐deficient soils where reductions in yield and grain quality are frequently reported. Currently, the use of Zn‐based fertilizer along with Zn‐deficiency‐tolerant genotypes is considered the most thorough approach for cropping the Zn‐deficient soils; however, developing or breeding genotypes with higher Zn efficiency requires a good understanding of the inheritance of tolerance to Zn deficiency. This study was conducted to determine genetic control of this trait in barley. Two parental cultivars ('Skiff, moderately tolerant; and ‘Forrest’, sensitive), 185 F₂ plants, and 48 F₂‐derived F₃ families from this cross were screened to determine inheritance of tolerance to Zn deficiency using a visual score of deficiency symptoms. The segregation ratios observed indicated that greater tolerance to Zn deficiency in ‘Skiff compared with ‘Forrest’ at the seedling stage is controlled by a single gene with no dominance. The results also indicate that visual scores are useful for genetic analysis of tolerance to Zn deficiency.