水稻籽粒灌浆的发育遗传与分子生态特性研究

本文从发育遗传生理和分子生态学角度, 综述了近年来国内外研究水稻籽粒灌浆的现状与存在的问题。提出了水稻籽粒发育与物质充实涉及信号传递与多基因调控及其与环境互作的分子生态学过程。强、弱势粒由于基因时空表达模式和功能蛋白作用方式的不同, 导致不同粒位胚乳细胞发育程序、籽粒灌浆速率和干物质重的明显差异。已有研究结果表明, 强势粒发育灌浆早、充实快, 具有明显的遗传稳定性; 而弱势粒发育灌浆起步晚, 充实度较差, 易受环境调控。通过分子遗传改良和分子生态调节是改善弱势粒胚乳细胞健康顺利发育, 实时启动灌浆充实, 提高结实率和千粒重, 最终实现高产的两条有效途径, 已成为世界各国优先研究的领域。本文认为籽粒灌浆为何存在一个滞育期(stagnant phase), 强弱势粒在这一发育阶段基因表达和功能作用为何存在差异是值得深入研究和回答的科学问题。     

稻草覆盖还田对水稻氮素吸收和氮肥利用率的影响

以杂交稻“天优998”为材料, 设置覆盖还田和不还田2种稻草还田处理, 4种氮肥处理, 进行了连续2年的田间试验, 研究稻草还田对水稻氮素吸收和氮肥利用率的影响。结果表明: 稻草还田显著促进了水稻对氮素的吸收, 其总吸氮量比稻草不还田处理增加13.7%~20.3%, 但对不同生育阶段吸氮量占总吸氮量的比例影响不大。与稻草不还田处理相比, 稻草还田处理的水稻在分蘖中期(MT)、穗分化始期(PI)和抽穗期(HD)叶片叶绿素含量显著提高[实地养分管理(N1)的MT时期除外]。稻草还田可提高氮肥吸收利用率(RE)、农学利用率(AE)和氮肥偏生产力(PFP)。两年平均, 稻草还田处理的RE比稻草不还田处理提高8.23个百分点, 相对提高23.4%, 达极显著水平。AE、RE、PFP与MT~PI期间的吸氮量呈正相关, 其中AE和PFP达极显著水平。RE与HD~MA期间的吸氮量呈极显著正相关。在MT施氮、促进MT~PI期间的氮素吸收对提高AE、RE和PFP有重要意义。创造条件增加抽穗后的氮素吸收, 对于提高RE、减少氮肥损失和面源污染至关重要。     

水稻生育后期根系响应氮肥调控的蛋白作用机制分析

以大穗型水稻‘金恢809’为试验材料,设置前氮后移(施氮量的30%作基肥,30%作蘖肥,30%作穗肥,10%作粒肥)及传统氮肥(施氮量的40%作基肥,30%作蘖肥,30%作穗肥)施用两种处理,并采用双向电泳技术分析了水稻生育后期根系对前氮后移调控的蛋白响应机制。通过构建的不同氮肥处理下水稻开花后15 d根系蛋白2-DE电泳图谱,并结合MALDI-TOF/MS分析,共成功鉴定到57个出现差异表达的蛋白,其中40个在前氮后移处理下上调表达,17个下调表达。依据其蛋白功能可以归为12类,主要涉及信号转导,氨同化,胁迫与防御,糖酵解,三羧酸循环,氨基酸代谢、蛋白合成及折叠等代谢途径。研究发现水稻生育后期根系GTP结合的核蛋白、GDP解离抑制因子、液泡型H+-ATP酶亚基C会响应氮肥的调控而出现表达变化,并将信号传递到电压依赖性离子通道蛋白、液泡型ATP酶亚基C以及膜联蛋白p35,进而调节根系细胞间物质运输与信息的传递。本研究结果还表明,前氮后移的施肥方式,通过适当增加水稻生育后期氮肥的施用,调节根系糖类转换、糖酵解及三羧酸循环相关蛋白的表达,增加了根系ATP的供应;通过增强根系中清除过氧化氢系统及防御相关蛋白的表达,延缓了根系的衰老;通过上调谷氨酸脱氢酶、天冬氨酸转氨酶和谷氨酞胺合成酶的表达丰度,促进了根系对土壤中氮元素的吸收与转运。研究结果对于进一步明确水稻根系响应氮素调控的分子生态特性具有重要的理论与实际意义。     

再生稻根干物质量及根系活力与产量的相关性研究

对不同施N水平、不同品种再生稻根干物质量及根系活力与产量的相关性研究结果表明 ,再生稻头季稻产量与根系干物质量及根系活力密切相关 ;再生稻再生分蘖的生长发育依赖于头季稻残留的根系 ,再生季稻穗数及产量与头季稻成熟期和再生季稻齐穗期的根系机能呈极显著线性正相关 ,并与芽肥施用量呈抛物线形相关     

水稻苗期耐冷性状的QTL分析

水稻的低温冷害是世界性问题,在日本、韩国、美国和中国等大部分高纬度、高海拔地区尤为突出,是影响粮食产量的主要因素之一。25～35℃是水稻幼苗生长的适宜温度,但中国南方早稻播种后,幼苗生长期的温度一般低于20℃,尤其遇上3月、4月的倒春寒天气后,往往导致秧苗黄叶、生长迟缓,     

Sources of nitrogen and yield advantages for monocropping and mixed cropping with cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata L.) and upland rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Summary Sources of N used by cropped and intercropped cowpeas and rice were determined by the ¹⁵N isotope-dilution technique. The biological efficiency of intercropping cowpeas and rice was assessed by calculating the land equivalent ratio of dry matter yield, total N, and uptake of N. A reduced N uptake by both cowpeas and rice during mixed cropping was attributed to mutual competition, with both crops competing effectively for the scarce environmental resources. The lack of a significant difference in the uptake of fertilizer and soil N by mixed-crop rice and cowpeas is an indication that the soil N was sufficient and that the mixed cropping did not create any imbalance in soil and fertilizer N uptake. The land equivalent ratio ranged between 120% and 180% for shoot dry matter and total N, showing that biological efficiency was increased by intercropping cowpeas with rice. The proportion of N derived from the atmosphere by mono- and intercropped cowpeas was not significantly different, showing that the potential of cowpeas to fix N₂ was independent of the cropping system, since the rice did not stimulate the cowpeas to fix more N₂.     

小分子有机酸钾对水稻种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

【目的】施用小分子有机酸钾是促进水稻生长和提高水稻产量的重要措施之一。本试验研究了3种小分子有机酸钾在不同浓度下对水稻种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响,为促进水稻增产及研发新型肥料增效剂提供理论依据。【方法】以水稻种子‘临稻21’为试验材料进行了种子萌发试验和水培试验。以不含钾盐处理为空白对照 (CK),供试钾盐包括硫酸钾 (IOS)、甲酸钾 (OSA)、乙酸钾 (OSB) 和丙酸钾 (OSC),设两个K+浓度分别为0.25和0.50 mmol/L。将种子置于25℃培养箱中,培养至两叶一心时,转入含有不同浓度钾盐的营养液中进行12 h光照/12 h黑暗、25℃恒温处理,至水稻幼苗长到四叶一心时,测定幼苗生长、根系形态和光合特性。【结果】1) 小分子有机酸钾促进了水稻种子提早萌发,培养48 h后,当K+浓度为0.25 mmol/L时,OSA-1和OSB-1较IOS-1水稻发芽率显著提高35.6%和37.8%;当K+浓度为0.50 mmol/L时,OSA-2和OSB-2较IOS-2水稻发芽率显著提高34.0%和27.7%;2) 与IOS相比,OSA-1、OSA-2和OSB-1显著促进了水稻幼苗叶片的宽度和鲜重的提高,并使水稻幼苗根重、总根长、根表面积和根体积显著提升;3) 与IOS处理相比,OSC处理提高了水稻幼苗叶片叶绿素含量,OSA和OSB处理显著提高了水稻幼苗叶片净光合效率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率;4) 施用小分子有机酸钾能够提高水稻幼苗根系活力,进而促进了水稻幼苗对钾素的吸收,OSA-2和OSB-2处理幼苗全钾含量较IOS-2显著提高19.6%和28.3%。【结论】与硫酸钾相比,甲酸钾、乙酸钾和丙酸钾3种小分子有机酸钾处理可促进水稻种子提前萌发,促进水稻幼苗的生长、光合效率的提高以及对钾素的吸收,以0.25 mmol/L甲酸钾 (OSA) 的促生效果最好。     

Improvement of phosphorus uptake, phosphorus use efficiency, and grain yield of upland rice (Oryza sativa L.) in response to phosphate-solubilizing bacteria blended with phosphorus fertilizer

Phosphorus (P) limitation in soil is a major concern for crop productivity. However, the use of chemical fertilizer is hazardous to the environment and costly. Therefore, the use of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) is an eco-friendly approach for a sustainable agricultural system. In the present study, a field trial was conducted for two consecutive years to study the effects of three PSB strains isolated, Bacillus licheniformis, Pantoea dispersa, and Staphylococcus sp., with different P fertilizer rates on P uptake, P use efficiency (PUE), and grain yield of rice. The activities of soil enzymes were also studied in relation to PSB treatments. Comparative analysis of the yield and biochemical parameters revealed that inoculation of PSB consortium could reduce almost 50% of the recommended P dose in rice cultivation. Three PSB strains in combination with 50% P dose was most effective and showed the highest increases in P uptake and PUE as compared to the uninoculated control. Moreover, the PSB consortium combined with 50% P dose contributed to 50.58% and 35.64% yield increases compared to the uninoculated control for 2018 and 2019, respectively. Significant increases in the activities of soil dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, and acid phosphatase were also recorded under PSB treatment.     

铜绿假单胞菌对镉胁迫水稻苗期生长与镉积累的影响

稻米重金属污染是人们广泛关注的严重问题,微生物钝化是阻遏环境重金属进入生物循环的有效途径之一。为了解铜绿假单胞菌对苗期水稻镉污染的缓解效应,本文以无镉处理为对照,通过添加20μmol×L~(-1)镉的水培试验,研究了铜绿假单胞菌、载体A(硅藻土,粒径1~3 mm)、载体B(硅藻土,粒径3~6 mm)、载体C(活性炭,比表面积1 000 m~2×g-1)以及铜绿假单胞菌与载体制备的菌剂A、菌剂B和菌剂C对水稻生长、镉含量及镉积累量的影响。结果表明,20μmol×L~(-1)镉处理显著抑制了水稻根长、株高的生长和干物质积累,添加菌液及菌剂A、B、C后,水稻生长状况得到显著改善,总生物量比镉处理(0.523 g×株~(-1))提高38.5%~67.3%,以菌剂B处理的水稻生物量最高。水稻根、茎鞘、叶以及地上部镉含量显著降低,其中添加菌剂A、菌剂B、菌剂C及活性炭处理的水稻地上部镉含量分别比镉处理(101.3 mg×g~(-1))下降45.9%、47.9%、59.9%和59.9%,迁移系数降低16.7%、25.0%、33.3%和33.3%,富集系数减少48.1%、48.8%、58.8%和60.9%。添加活性炭、菌剂A和菌剂C处理的水稻单株镉积累量降低18.2%、9.5%和24.3%,添加菌剂B以及依次含有56.4 mL、45.3 mL、28.4 mL菌悬液的菌液A、菌液B和菌液C处理,其镉积累量依次增加15.0%、30.4%、14.9%、16.9%,说明菌株通过提高作物生物量增加了镉积累。综上,铜绿假单胞菌可显著促进镉胁迫水稻的生长,降低水稻的镉含量,抑制镉的迁移,降低水稻镉的有效性;菌剂A、B、C表现出良好的镉钝化能力,表明铜绿假单胞菌可为环境镉污染的生物修复提供新菌株。     

大气CO2浓度升高对矿质元素在水稻中分配及其根际有效性的影响

在开放式空气CO₂浓度升高(free-air CO₂ enrichment, FACE)条件下,研究了籼稻IIY084与粳稻WYJ23根际土壤矿质元素(Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn、Ca和Mg)有效态含量及其在水稻各组织中的吸收与分配,结合前期稻米矿质元素含量下降的研究结果,探讨了其下降的机制。结果表明:大气CO₂浓度升高,显著增加水稻穗、茎、根和整株生物量,两个品种平均增加19.4%、9.3%、23.4%、16.0%;根际土壤中矿质元素的有效态含量大体呈增加趋势;除Ca吸收量增加外,水稻其他矿质元素总吸收量未发生显著变化;显著促进大部分矿质元素在穗中的吸收与分配,而降低其在茎中的分配比;在穗内有增加大部分矿质元素在壳梗中滞留的趋势,相应地减少其在糙米中的分配比。品种效应分析显示,IIY084的茎和整株生物量,以及穗中Fe、Mn、Cu,叶中Zn、Mg,茎中Cu的吸收量与分配百分数均显著高于WYJ23,而叶中Mn、茎中Fe和根中Cu、Zn则呈相反趋势。可见,大气CO₂浓度升高条件下,碳水化合物与矿质元素从植...     

Rice-based crop rotation for enhancing native arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) activity to improve phosphorus nutrition of upland rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Two-year rice (Oryza sativa L.)-based crop rotation of “maize (Zea mays L.) relay cropped by horse gram (Dolichos biflorus L.) in the first year followed by upland rice in the second year”, was reported earlier to increase phosphorus (P) uptake by rice through enhancing native arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) activities. This crop rotation was compared with three other rice-based crop rotations practiced by the upland rice farmers of eastern India for AM-mediated P acquisition of upland rice through on-farm experiment in farmers' participatory mode during wet seasons of 2004, 2005, 2006, and 2007 in fixed plots. The farmers' rotations included (1) green gram (Phaseolus aureus) in first year followed by upland rice in second year; (2) black gram (Phaseolus mungo) in first year followed by upland rice in second year; and (3) radish (Raphanus sativus) in first year followed by upland rice in second year. “Maize–horse gram/rice” rotation encouraged maximum native AM fungal colonization (10.4–38.8%) and P uptake (2.2–2.6 mg P/g plant) by rice over other three farmers' rotations tested. Rice grain yield was also highest (2.25–2.35 t/ha) in the maize–horse gram/rice rotation.     

微量元素叶面喷施对水稻(Oryza sativa L.)产量及其构成因素的影响

[目的]基于微量元素在水稻营养和代谢中的重要作用,研究叶面喷施(Fe EDTA 0.1％,Zn EDTA 0.05％,B 0.02％,Cu EDTA 0.05％,and Mn EDTA 0.05％)对水稻品种Shiroodi产量的影响,明确叶面喷施微量元素的最佳次数和时期.[方法]为了准确评估液体肥料(Fe-EDTA ...     

硅缓解水稻根系铁毒害

Silicon (Si) can enhance the resistance of plants to many abiotic stresses. To explore whether Si ameliorates Fe2+ toxicity, a hydroponic experiment was performed to investigate whether and how Si detoxifies Fe2+ toxicity in rice (Oryza sativa L.) roots. Results indicated that rice cultivar Tianyou 998 (TY998) showed greater sensitivity to Fe2+ toxicity than rice cultivar Peizataifeng (PZTF). Treatment with 0.1 mmol L-1 Fe2+ inhibited TY998 root elongation and root biomass significantly. Reddish iron plaque was formed on root surface of both cultivars. TY998 had a higher amount of iron plaque than PZTF. Addition of Si to the solution of Fe treatment decreased the amount of iron plaque on root surface by 17.6% to 37.1% and iron uptake in rice roots by 37.0% to 40.3%, and subsequently restored root elongation triggered by Fe2+ toxicity by 13.5% in the TY998. Compared with Fe treatment, the addition of 1 mmol L-1 Si to the solution of Fe treatment increased xylem sap flow by 19.3% to 24.8% and root-shoot Fe transportation by 45.0% to 78.6%. Furthermore, Si addition to the solution of Fe treatment induced root cell wall to thicken. These results suggested that Si could detoxify Fe2+ toxicity and Si-mediated amelioration of Fe2+ toxicity in rice roots was associated with less iron plaque on root surface and more Fe transportation from roots to shoots.     

硅锰结合施用对红壤水稻铁毒害的矫正

Based on the fact that Fe toxicity which is usually characterized by leaf oranging and low yield can be obviously subdued by application of Si or Mn due to counteraction.between Fe and Si or Mn.A pot experiment was conducted with four treatments of CK,Si,Mn and Si Mn to further study the effect of combined application of Si and Mn on rice growth on red earths.Water-soluble SI,Fe and Mn were measured.and electron probe was used to study Si,Mn,Fe and Ca in root cross sections.Combined application of Si and Mn could increas water-soluble Si and Mn but reduce water-soluble Fe,thus being favorable for correctiong Fe toxicity.Electron probe study showed obvous differences of Si,Fe,Mn,and Ca in rice roots between CK and the other three treatments.The combined applicatioin of Si and Mn could reduce leaf oranging and improve rice growth.The Si Mn treatment had a higher plant height,lower number of oranging leaves and a 25.0% higher rice yield than CK and showed a better effect on rice growth than the treatment of sole Si or Mn.     

不同化感潜力水稻品种对低钾的生理与分子响应

选择国际公认的化感水稻品种“P1312777”和非化感水稻品种“Lemont”为材料,在K元素为5mg·L^-1（低K）和40mg·L^-1（正常K）2个水平的营养液中培养,通过水稻形态学指标（根长、株高、根冠比和生物量）、生理生化指标（SOD、POD、CAT、根系活力及植株中N、P、K含量）,评价不同化感潜力水稻品种对低K胁迫的生理响应,并采用实时荧光定量PCR（Realtime Fluorescent Quantitative PCR,FQ-PCR）,分析了低K胁迫下水稻根和叶中与N、P、K吸收利用相关的12个关键酶的基因表达差异。结果表明,低K促进了化感水稻“P1312777”根的生长,根冠比加大,生物量增加,但对株高的影响不显著;而该条件下非化感水稻“Lemont”的上述指标均受到不同程度的抑制。低K对两种水稻的保护酶系（SOD、POD、CAT）和根系活力均有一定程度的抑制作用,植株中N、P、K含量降低,但非化感水稻“Lemont”受抑制的程度远大于化感水稻“P1312777”。FQ-PCR检测结果表明,低K胁迫下两种水稻根、叶中的12个关键酶的基因均呈现上调表达,而化感水稻“P1312777”的基因表达上调倍数均明显大于非化感水稻“Lemont”。低K胁迫下两种水稻品种的形态学差异、生理与分子响应均表明,化感水稻“P1312777”比非化感水稻“Lemont”具有更强的适应K匮乏的能力。     

耐阴水稻种质资源的快速筛选技术研究

阴害直接限制了水稻高产潜力发挥。建立快速筛选耐阴水稻种质资源的技术对利用耐阴种质、选育耐阴品种具有重要意义。以中粳02428、南粳35、中籼苏农3037为材料对各种筛选指标进行了比较研究，结果表明水稻苗期黑暗下保绿能力与弱光驯化下同期的叶片干重、叶绿素含量变化，同分蘖-拨节期的叶绿素含量、净光合速率变化以及与瞬时弱光照下的净光合速率下降相一致。此指标鉴定水稻苗期黑暗下保绿能力简单方便，故可用于建立耐阴种质快速筛选技术。     

不同耕作方式下覆草旱作稻田土壤肥力的特征

通过始建于2003年中国南方季节性干旱区(江西省余江县)的双季稻田定位试验,于2005～2007年研究了水稻覆草旱作和免耕覆草旱作对稻田土壤理化性质和生物学性质的影响。结果表明,覆草旱作、免耕覆草旱作的耕层土壤容重和总孔隙度与常规水作的差异不显著。与常规水作相比,免耕覆草旱作显著提高土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮和土壤基础呼吸;与常规水作相比,覆草旱作和免耕覆草旱作均显著提高土壤微生物生物量碳含量、脲酶和蔗糖酶活性。由此可知,覆草旱作和免耕覆草旱作可以作为该区积极推行的具有培肥地力作用的节水型稻作栽培模式。     

Si/As调控苗期水稻吸收、外排和转运砷的研究

通过生物模拟法,将水稻幼苗分别暴露于含有10μmol/L无机三价砷As(Ⅲ)或五价砷As(V)的营养液中12,24,48h,探究硅砷摩尔比(Si/As为0∶1,100∶1和200∶1)对苗期水稻吸收、外排、转运和累积砷的影响。结果表明,水稻暴露于含As(Ⅲ)营养液中12h,与Si/As为0∶1相比,Si/As为200∶1的处理使水稻的As(Ⅲ)吸收速率降低30.7%(P0.05),且随着暴露时间的延长,水稻对As(Ⅲ)的吸收速率逐渐降低,不同Si/As对其吸收速率的影响也减弱。处理48h,100∶1和200∶1的Si/As均降低水稻根部As(Ⅲ)向茎叶的转移系数,较Si/As为0∶1分别降低51.2%和56.9%,同时水稻地上部As(Ⅲ)含量比Si/As为0∶1的处理分别降低50.7%和67.2%;暴露在As(V)营养液中12h,Si/As为100∶1促进水稻对As(V)的吸收,增幅高达82.3%,但暴露24h,Si/As为200∶1则抑制水稻根系对As(V)的吸收,以及As(Ⅲ)的外排和As(Ⅲ)由水稻根系向茎叶的转运,降幅分别为28.0%,41.9%和39.9%。暴露48h时,Si/As为200∶1的水稻As(Ⅲ)转移系数较Si/As为100∶1的处理降低57.9%,并且处理24,48h时,Si/As为100∶1和200∶1水稻地上部As(Ⅲ)含量显著降低53.6%和75.0%,25.0%和52.8%。此外,水稻根系对As(V)的吸收与As(Ⅲ)的外排之间呈极显著正相关关系(r=0.921,P0.01),该关系不受Si/As和暴露时间的影响。无论是As(Ⅲ)或As(V)处理,在12～48h的暴露时间内,Si/As为200∶1显著抑制砷的吸收、As(Ⅲ)的外排和As(Ⅲ)在水稻体内的转运。     

Effect of tillage systems on weed control, yield and fibre quality of upland (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and Asiatic tree cotton (G. arboreum L.)

Asiatic diploid (n = 13) cotton (Gossypium arboreum L.) is grown on Vertisols of central India with limited amounts of fertilizers and pesticides under rainfed conditions. In an earlier study it was established that reduced tillage (RT) systems improved productivity of tetraploid (n = 26) upland cotton (G. hirsutum L.). Such information is currently not available for the Asiatic cotton. Field studies were continued from 2002–2003 through 2004–2005, to determine the effect of tillage systems on weed control, yield and fibre quality. Tillage treatments continued for 6 years before this phase of the study. The experiment was conducted in a split plot design, with three tillage systems as main plots and combination of species (G. arboreum and G. hirsutum) and N rates (60 and 75 kg N ha⁻¹) as subplots. Conventional tillage (CT) involved mouldboard ploughing + four to five inter-row cultivations and was compared with two levels of RT. RT₁ being pre-emergence herbicide application with two inter-row cultivations by a bullock drawn hoe and RT₂ was only herbicide application with no inter-row cultivation. Weed density (monocot and dicot weeds) was significantly lower on the RT than on the CT plots. Consequently, the RT plots had accumulated less weed dry matter. Seed cotton yield was affected by tillage systems in 1 out of 3 years. In 2002–2003, the yield trend was: RT₁ > CT > RT₂. The tillage × species interaction was significant in 2002–2003 and 2004–2005 and combined-across-years. Averaged over years, Asiatic G. arboreum produced 8% less seed cotton with treatment RT₂ than with CT. Upland, G. hirsutum produced 118–134 kg ha⁻¹ additional seed cotton on the RT than with CT. Differences in maturity and rooting habit probably contributed to the two species differing in their tillage requirement. The Asiatic cottons were early maturing and are known to possess a deeper root system than the upland cotton. The tillage × N and species × N interactions were not significant. Average seed cotton yield with the 75 kg N was 15.7% more than the 60 kg N ha⁻¹ plots. Among fibre properties, fibre length was significantly better with treatment RT₁ than with the CT in 2 out of 3 years. In summary, seed cotton yield of upland G. hirsutum cotton was higher with RT system, whereas converse occurred with G. arboreum. There were no adverse effects of RT on fibre quality.     

控释氮肥与尿素配施对单季稻产量及氮素利用率的影响

为探讨控释氮肥与尿素配合一次性基施对水稻产量及其氮肥利用效率的影响效应,通过田间小区试验研究了不同比例控释氮肥(CRNF)与尿素(UR)配施对水稻干物质积累、产量构成,以及氮肥表观、农学和生理利用率等的影响。结果表明：配施10%~80% CRNF较常规施氮(T1)处理,分别提高水稻籽粒干物质量和产量3.7%~13.9%和1.4%~13.4%;较全量施用CRNF(T6)处理,提高水稻籽粒干物质和产量6.3%~16.7%、2.8%~16.6%。一次性基施40%CRNF +60%UR(T4)较一次性基施全量CRNF显著提高水稻籽粒吸氮量24.2%,差异显著(P<0.05),氮肥表观利用率、农学利用率、生理利用率及氮肥偏生产力也处于较高水平。在本试验条件下,一次性基施40%CRNF +60%UR既提高了水稻产量和氮肥利用率,又减少了劳动投入,可在实际生产中推广应用。