现代生物技术在畜牧业中的应用概述

以生物技术为主体的高新技术已广泛地应用于各领域,特别对现代畜牧业产生了深远的影响,本文阐述了现代生物技术在畜禽资源保护、动物遗传育种、动物营养与饲料、动物疫病及生物制药等方面的应用情况,并对这些技术在今后现代畜牧业中的应用前景做了展望。     

生物技术在现代畜牧业生产中的应用研究进展

以生物技术为主体的高新技术已广泛地应用于各领域,特别对现代畜牧业产生了深远的影响。作者阐述了现代生物技术在动物品种、遗传育种与繁育、动物营养与饲料、动物疫病及生物制药等方面的应用情况,并对这些技术在今后现代畜牧业中的应用前景进行了展望。     

现代生物技术制药技术研究及展望

最近二十年,我国的现代生物制药技术的到了十分迅速的发展,基因工程技术、酶工程技术、发酵工程技术、细胞工程技术等现代生物技术都被广泛应用到制药行业,对于药物的生产工艺和药效都有很大的提升[1]。生物制药在现代制药领域占据了越来越重要的位置,其技术还在不断的更新完善。为此,本文研究了现代生物技术存在的问题和相应的对策,并结合实际对生物制药技术的发展做了一番展望。     

动物用新生物制品产业化项目风险分析

1 问题的提出 进入21世纪以来,生物技术产业开始受到全球瞩目,各大媒体、行业研究机构已经将新千年的第一个百年称为“生物技术世纪”,全球生物技术产业进入了一个全新的高速发展阶段,尤其是市场运作最为成熟的生物制药行业。我国的生物制药行业发端于1995年前后,伴随着国外生物技术产     

哈药集团接手辉瑞高端动物疫苗业务填补我国生猪支原体肺炎动物疫苗市场空白

2010年6月10日,哈药集团与美国辉瑞公司合作承转高科技动物疫苗产品说明会在黑龙江省哈尔滨市举行。此举是世界著名药企与中国医药强企携手共筑动物疫苗产业发展里程碑的一次国际生物制药高端技术合作。这一项目不仅填补我国生产猪支原体肺炎动物疫苗市场空白,同时意味着我国首个合作承转世界生物制药领域高科技动物疫苗品种项目正式启动,也将打破外资企业在中国高端动物疫苗领域的垄断。     

生物技术与动物育种

生物技术与动物育种傅衍（浙江农业大学动物科学学院）近年来，由于生物技术的广泛应用促进了动物育种的发展，这里指的生物技术是那些分析、控制及影响机体结构和功能的方法，包括细胞培养技术，繁殖技术及借助生物学方法生产和研究动物产品的技术。就育种上的应用来说，...     

动物胚胎生物技术的研究现状及应用

动物胚胎生物技术是现代生命科学研究的基础之一。近 3 0年来 ,随着生命科学的发展 ,这些技术得到了长足的发展。胚胎生物技术主要涉及对动物配子及胚胎的操纵。包括超数排卵、胚胎移植、体外受精与显微受精、孤雌生殖、胚胎分割与嵌合、转基因、克隆动物技术等等 ,本文就这些技术的发展及在实验动物上的应用前景作一综述。超数排卵、胚胎移植超数排卵、胚胎移植技术在实验动物、家畜上已非常成熟 ,实际应用中已程式化。体外受精与显微受精体外受精体外受精是由Ｍ Ｃ Ｚｈａｎｇ等 (1 95 1 )发现动物精子获能现象开始的 ,第一例试管动物是 1…     

湖南省生物饲料添加剂发展规划研究(一)

随着饲料添加剂向高效、安全、环保、多功能方向发展,尤其是生物技术的引入,饲料添加剂工业将进入新的历史阶段-生物饲料添加剂阶段,主要技术发展趋势是采用现代生物技术等高新技术研制对动物具有特定生物学活性和功能的新型     

农业动物生物技术研究现状与发展趋势

动物科学和动物医学与生物技术的结合,已成为21世纪我国畜牧兽医事业创新的先导和现代农业动物生产技术的生长点.农业动物生产和疫病防制领域已成为现代生物技术应用最广阔、最活跃、最富有挑战性的领域之一,生物技术在畜牧业中的应用将会使畜牧业产生新的学科基础、新的内涵、新的产业化目标.作者重点介绍了国际上动物生物技术的研究现状,讨论了该领域的发展趋势,提出了未来10年我国农业动物生物技术发展的优先领域及重点研究内容.     

转基因动物的安全性评价——动物安全和食品安全

随着生物技术的不断发展，疾病诊断、食品安全、人类营养与健康、动物安全和环境保护等方面都有了显著的改善。生物技术在动物上的应用产生了一系列商业化的动物产品。这些产品投入市场前必须经过安全评价机构的严格测试，以保证其安全性和优越性。根据“预防性原则”，     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1984

In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.

Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1983

In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.

Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1991

In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium.     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1985

In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).

Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1988

In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1989

In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.

Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1987

In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1986

In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%).

Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada.