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红细胞免疫系统的回顾与展望 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
“红细胞免疫系统”概念于1981年首先由美国学者Siegel提出。20多年来国内外学者进行了大量研究,发现红细胞有许多与免疫有关的物质(如CR1、CR3,LFA-3,SOD),并具有识别、粘附、浓缩、杀伤抗原,传递抗原信息和清除循环免疫复合物的能力,参与机体免疫调控,许多疾病(如SLE)免疫发病机制中,红细胞天然免疫缺陷占有很重要的地位。本文回顾了红细胞免疫研究的发展历程,介绍了红细胞免疫的物质基础、免疫功能及影响红细胞免疫功能的因素,综述了红细胞免疫在分子生物学等方面的研究进展。 相似文献
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家畜(禽)红细胞免疫功能研究进展 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
国内外学者对红细胞在机体免疫调节中所起的作用进行了较全面的研究 ,发现红细胞通过自身存在的与免疫功能有关的物质参与清除循环免疫复合物 ,调节补体活性、调控免疫细胞的功能。对家畜 (禽 )C3 bRR和ICR的检测仍是借助于Siegel“标准红细胞免疫粘附试验 (RCIA)”的设计 ,并加以改进。对十三种家畜 (禽 )的C3 bRR ,ICR率检测进一步证实红细胞免疫系统 (RCIS)广泛存在于哺乳动物和鸟类 ,并结合统计分析表明 :家畜 (禽 )细胞C3 b受体数目和活性及红细胞免疫复合物 (IC)数量存在动物种、属、型间的差异 相似文献
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降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)是迄今发现的人体内舒血管活性最强的多肽。CGRP与免疫系统关系密切,能够促进细胞表面分子表达;抑制B淋巴细胞早期发育;调节T淋巴细胞成熟与增殖;增强中性粒细胞的富集并与炎症反应相关。CGRP在免疫系统功能的研究为CGRP运用于抗感染免疫、免疫系统疾病的治疗提供可能性,也为“神经内分泌-免疫调节”的研究提供实例。 相似文献
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Makala LH Nagasawa H 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2002,64(3):181-193
The dendritic cell (DC) network is a specialized system for presenting antigen to naive or quiescent T cells, and consequently plays a central role in the induction of T cell and B cell immunity in vivo. Despite considerable achievements in the last ten years, in our understanding of how DC induce and regulate immune responses, much remains to be learned about this complex system of cells. The history and current status of DC termed "directors of the immune system orchestra" is reviewed. The present understanding of DC cell biology, function and use, taking into account their complexity is discussed. 相似文献
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There are a large number of microorganisms in the porcine intestinal tract. These microorganisms and their metabolites contribute to intestinal mucosal immunity, which is of great importance to the health of the host. The host immune system can regulate the distribution and composition of intestinal microorganisms and regulate the homeostasis of intestinal flora by secreting a variety of immune effector factors, such as mucin, secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA), regenerating islet-derived III (RegIII)γ, and defensin. Conversely, intestinal microorganisms can also promote the differentiation of immune cells including regulatory T cells (Treg) and Th17 cells through their specific components or metabolites. Studies have shown that imbalances in the intestinal flora can lead to bacterial translocation and compromised intestinal barrier function, affecting the health of the body. This review focuses on the composition of the pig intestinal flora and the characteristics of intestinal mucosal immunity, discusses the interaction mechanism between the flora and intestinal mucosal immunity, as well as the regulation through fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), dietary nutritional composition, probiotics and prebiotics of pig intestinal microecology. Finally, this review provides insights into the relationship between intestinal microorganisms and the mucosal immune system. 相似文献
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黄芪是一味药食两用、补中益气的中国传统中药,黄芪多糖是其最重要的天然活性成分,具有无耐药性、抗菌、抗病毒、提高机体免疫力及抗氧化功能,改善肠道微生态等作用,其中以免疫调节作用最为突出。大量研究证明,黄芪多糖在体内外均具有显著的免疫调节作用。作者归纳了黄芪多糖对免疫相关基因的调控,在器官免疫、细胞免疫、细胞因子和胞内信使物质、心血管系统免疫、抗菌免疫、抗病毒免疫等方面的作用,以及其作为免疫佐剂在猪瘟(CSF)、猪圆环病毒病(PCVD)、猪口蹄疫(FMD)、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征(PRRS)、猪支原体肺炎(MPS)等仔猪疾病应用的最新研究进展,发现黄芪多糖主要作为免疫佐剂及动物饲料添加剂使用,应用范围狭窄,缺乏深度的研究开发。今后应加强对分离、纯化后的均一组分低分子质量黄芪多糖及其结构特点,以及其与免疫调节作用间构效关系的研究以提高黄芪多糖疗效,推广其临床应用。 相似文献
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动物细胞因子研究进展 总被引:6,自引:2,他引:4
细胞因子是免疫活性细胞和其它细胞分泌的具有多种生物活性的多肽或蛋白质 ,这些细胞因子是重要的信息传递物质 ,特别在免疫、炎症和造血系统等生物学反应过程中具有重要的作用。近几年 ,细胞因子的研究已成为生物学研究中最活跃的领域之一。新的细胞因子不断被发现 ,大量的细胞因子正在或将要应用于医学临床。细胞因子的研究带动了整个免疫学的发展。其应用展现出广阔的前景。文章简要介绍了动物细胞因子的作用及其应用前景 ,包括细胞因子与免疫抑制的关系、细胞因子在免疫增强剂和免疫治疗剂、构建新型基因工程苗以及细胞因子对于蛋白质、脂肪和葡萄糖代谢的调控作用等方面的主要研究进展 相似文献
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Overview of the avian immune system. 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
J M Sharma 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》1991,30(1):13-17
The avian immune system operates on the same general principles as the mammalian immune system. Antigenic stimulation initiates an immune response that involves cellular cooperation most notably between macrophages, B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes. Macrophages process the antigen and present the antigen to the lymphocytes. B lymphocytes, the principal cells that mediate humoral immunity, transform into plasma cells and produce antibodies. T lymphocytes, most important for cellular immunity, differentiate into functionally diverse subpopulations. The subpopulations of avian T cells have been identified with monoclonal reagents and appear to be similar to those of mammalian T cells. Lymphokines, the soluble products secreted by immune cells, mediate the functions of these cells. Studies on avian lymphokines have lagged behind those on mammalian lymphokines because the genes coding for avian lymphokines have not been cloned. The avian lymphokines studied thus far appear to function along the same lines as the mammalian lymphokines. The immune response in birds is highly regulated and breakdown in regulation often results in immunodepression. 相似文献
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W J Burkholder W S Swecker 《Seminars in veterinary medicine and surgery (small animal)》1990,5(3):154-166
There is no doubt that nutrient deficiencies and excesses can influence immune responses. Despite advances in the development of therapeutic agents, a competent immune system is crucial for prevention and resolution of disease. Leukocytes are some of the most metabolically active cells in animals. We know that growing animals require nutrients to sustain growth and reach their full potential, whether that is size, strength, speed, or agility. We do not expect kittens to grow or greyhounds to run without provision of adequate nutrients. To expect the immune system to function in the face of nutrient deficiency neglects our knowledge of the physiological needs of metabolically active tissues. Immune responses may be modified through dietary manipulations. However, the clinician must answer the question "to what end or consequence will the response be changed?" No "golden" nutrient ensures an appropriate immune response in all conditions, just as no "golden" drug heals all diseases. Our knowledge of nutrient-immune system interactions is increasing. Yet, for all of the current knowledge of nutrient effects on immunity, the words of Dr R.K. Chandra hold sterling advice, "Moderation is a good dictum in biology and medicine, and it applies equally to nutritional immunology." 相似文献