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The therapeutic potential of thiamine hydrochloride (vitamin B1) was evaluated in experimental chronic lead poisoning in goats. Eighteen goats divided into three groups were used. Goats of group A served as healthy controls while those of B1 and B2 received oral doses of 10, 15 and 20 mg lead acetate (5.43, 8.15 and 10.86 mg lead kg-1 body-weight) for 30, 30 and 31 days, respectively. At the end of the 91 days, thiamine hydrochloride was given at 20 mg kg-1 bodyweight subcutaneously for 15 days to group B2. Goats of group B1 served as lead exposed untreated controls. Significantly (P less than 0.05) higher lead concentrations were found in blood, liver, kidney and brain samples of lead exposed untreated goats than in healthy control or in lead exposed thiamine treated goats. The lead concentration, however, remained significantly (P less than 0.05) higher in all these tissues of thiamine treated goats than in healthy controls and no appreciable difference could be recorded in histopathological lesions between lead exposed untreated and thiamine treated goats. 相似文献
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A poultry research facility that housed 2400 Peterson x Hubbard cross broilers (48 pens of 50 chicks each) experienced 4% mortality within 24 hr of chick placement. Mortality started within 4 hr of placement, and within 72 hr, cumulative mortality had reached 52%. Mild dyspnea was the only clinical sign noted in some chicks prior to death. The primary gross lesion noted in the chicks submitted was moderate to severe pulmonary congestion. The lungs of four of these chicks sank in formalin, and blood-tinged fluid was noted in the mouth and nares of two chicks. The microscopic lesions noted in the affected chicks were moderate to severe pulmonary edema and congestion. The diagnosis indicated to the submitter was that pulmonary edema caused by exposure to an unidentified noxious gas caused the death of the chicks. The poultry house environment was tested for sulfur dioxide, oxides of nitrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and volatile organic compounds (as produced by combustion engines); all tests were negative for significant levels of these compounds. A second broiler flock was placed in the same facility and the mortality at 6 wk was 11%, which was greater than the 2.5%-4.7% mortality seen in the previous four flocks on the farm. Further investigation revealed that the only change in management practice in this facility prior to the onset of the severe mortality problem was the replacement of 48 heat lamp bulbs (one for each pen). The new heat lamp bulbs were polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) coated. PTFE gas intoxication has been reported in several exotic avian species, but this intoxication has not been previously reported in a poultry flock. 相似文献
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Ahmed M. Soliman Ehab A. Abu-Basha Salah A. H. Youssef Aziza M. Amer Patricia A. Murphy Catherine C. Hauck Ronette Gehring Walter H. Hsu 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2013,14(4):395-403
A study of amoxicillin pharmacokinetics was conducted in healthy goats and goats with chronic lead intoxication. The intoxicated goats had increased serum concentrations of liver enzymes (alanine aminotransferase and γ-glutamyl transferase), blood urea nitrogen, and reactivated δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase compared to the controls. Following intravenous amoxicillin (10 mg/kg bw) in control and lead-intoxicated goats, elimination half-lives were 4.14 and 1.26 h, respectively. The volumes of distribution based on the terminal phase were 1.19 and 0.38 L/kg, respectively, and those at steady-state were 0.54 and 0.18 L/kg, respectively. After intramuscular (IM) amoxicillin (10 mg/kg bw) in lead-intoxicated goats and control animals, the absorption, distribution, and elimination of the drug were more rapid in lead-intoxicated goats than the controls. Peak serum concentrations of 21.89 and 12.19 µg/mL were achieved at 1 h and 2 h, respectively, in lead-intoxicated and control goats. Amoxicillin bioavailability in the lead-intoxicated goats decreased 20% compared to the controls. After amoxicillin, more of the drug was excreted in the urine from lead-intoxicated goats than the controls. Our results suggested that lead intoxication in goats increases the rate of amoxicillin absorption after IM administration and distribution and elimination. Thus, lead intoxication may impair the therapeutic effectiveness of amoxicillin. 相似文献
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The pathophysiology of chronic hypoxia in chickens 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
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Kruger K Saulez MN Neser JA Solberg K 《Journal of the South African Veterinary Association》2008,79(1):50-53
Lead (Pb) intoxication in horses is usually a chronic phenomenon with clinical signs associated with central nervous dysfunction. This report gives details of a case of acute Pb intoxication in a 9-year-old American Saddlebred mare with severe, progressive and ultimately fatal neurological deterioration. During the 4 days of hospitalisation, clinical signs progressed from intermittent headshaking and depression to severe, continuous, uncontrollable manic behaviour. At autopsy, three grey-coloured, hard metal particles were present in the gastrointestinal tract and subsequently found to contain 2614 ppm Pb. Lead concentrations in the brain, liver, stomach and kidney were 29, 4, 6 and 2 ppm wet weight, respectively. 相似文献
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Experimental lead intoxication in dogs: a comparison of blood lead and urinary delta-aminolevulinic acid following intoxication and chelation therapy. 下载免费PDF全文
Intravenous lead administration to dogs produced an acute syndrome of lead intoxication charcterized by depression, vomiting, anorexia and weight loss. The effect of chelation therapy with calcium disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate, penicillamine or both was determined by serially monitoring changes in blood lead and urine delta-aminolevulinic acid. Following therapy, blood lead values were significantly lower in chelated dogs than non-treated lead exposed dogs on days 7 and 10. Urine delta-aminolevulinic acid at day 7 was significantly higher in untreated lead exposed dogs than in other groups. There was no significant difference in blood lead or urine delta-aminolevulinic acid between lead intoxicated dogs which underwent the indicated chelation therapy protocols. There was, however, a trend for higher urinary delta-aminolevulinic acid excretion in those intoxicated dogs undergoing calcium disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate therapy as opposed to those undergoing penicilamine therapy. There was no significant correlation between blood lead and urinary delta-aminolevulinic acid previous to lead exposure. However, after lead exposure significant correlation was present at days 4, 7, 10 and 14. Certain lead exposed dogs following chelation therapy were noted to have normal blood lead levels but elevated urinary delta-aminolevulinic acid suggesting that blood lead does not always correlate with metabolic effects of lead in the body. Urinary delta-aminolevulinic acid was therefore recommended as an additional laboratory parameter which improved assessment of lead exposure in dogs, particularly in determining adequacy of chelation therapy. 相似文献
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The effect of tremortin A on chickens 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
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N. J. Dickson 《The Journal of small animal practice》1990,31(2):105-108
Primary cold agglutinin disease is an autoimmune disease seen in the dog and man. A case of cold agglutinin disease is described in a puppy which was undergoing treatment for lead intoxication. 相似文献
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采用高蛋白质饲料和高钙水喂养鸡,人工诱发鸡尿酸盐沉积症。将试验鸡分为肾肿治疗药对照组、肾康宁治疗组、肾肿对照组和健康对照组。通过鸡的体重变化、采食饮水量变化、血液中尿酸盐含量和死亡率等指标,考察肾康宁的治疗效果。结果表明,肾康宁治疗组的死亡率高于健康对照组而低于其他组,血液中尿酸盐含量也高于健康对照组而低于其他组。肾康宁对鸡尿酸盐沉积痘有较好的治疗效果。 相似文献
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K Hirai S Shimakura E Kawamoto F Taguchi S T Kim C N Chang Y Iritani 《Avian diseases》1974,18(1):50-57
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M Tokosová 《Veterinární medicína》1990,35(2):105-112
Chickens infected with highly virulent Marek's disease virus were administered in the course of 56-day fattening cyadox at a dose of 20 mg per kg feed mixture (MC group). and virginiamycin at a dose of 10 mg per kg feed mixture (MV group). The weight gains on the 56th day and dressing percentage were highest, in comparison with the control group (711.11 g and 60.62%), in the virginiamycin-treated group. An investigation into the basic chemical composition of meat revealed lower contents of dry matter and proteins in the virginiamycin-treated group (26.9% and 22.76%) if compared with the control group of chickens which were also infected with Marek's disease virus. A biometrical examination of the organs showed a statistically significant decrease in heart weight in the cyadox-treated group, increase in liver and heart weight and intestine shortening in the virginiamycin-treated group, in comparison with the control group. Pathologico-anatomical changes typical of Marek's disease were recorded in a randomly selected number of chickens in 33.3% in the control group, in 28.5% in the cyadox-treated group and in 50.0% in the virginiamycin-treated group. 相似文献
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Intact chicks and those that had their glands of Harder (GH) removed (GHx) at 1 day of age were studied for their response to optically or intraperitoneally (IP) applied antigens. Following exposure of the chicks to sheep red blood cells (SRBCs), killed Brucella abortus, or bovine serum albumin (BSA), serum and tear samples were collected and assayed for antibodies. Of the two sources of antibodies, the serum generally had higher levels than did the tears. The only exception to this occurred in the intact chicks inoculated by the eye, in which serum and tear levels were equivalent. With SRBCs, no difference could be detected between the two routes of inoculation. However, IP inoculation produced higher levels of antibody in the serum of intact and GHx chicks inoculated with B. abortus or BSA and in the tears of the GHx chicks exposed to B. abortus. Removal of the GH resulted in a consistent decrease in antibody levels in the tears, regardless of the route of exposure. Although this effect was noted with all three antigens, it was more pronounced in the trials using B. abortus and BSA. This finding is discussed in terms of describing the importance of the GH as a source of antibodies to optically applied antigens, and its importance as a route of circulating antibody egress. Furthermore, the feasibility of using the antibody response in tears to a test antigen is discussed as a means of measuring the immune status of a functioning GH. 相似文献
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G E Burrows G W Horn R W McNew L I Croy R D Keeton J Kyle 《Journal of animal science》1987,64(6):1682-1689
Sodium nitrate was administered through rumen cannulae to produce NO-3 intoxication in four cows (382 to 445 kg body wt) fed prairie grass hay and a protein-mineral supplement. The cows were fed 0, 1.6 or 3.2 kg of dry rolled corn daily for 10 d prior to sodium nitrate administration. Sodium nitrate administration was followed by a marked increase in intraruminal NO-2 and NH3 and blood NO-2 and methemoglobin. Six of eight cows fed 0 and 1.6 kg of corn were given methylene blue to treat severe methemoglobinemia, while none of the cows fed 3.2 kg corn required such therapy. Feeding of 3.2 kg of corn protected against nitrate poisoning by reducing intraruminal nitrite and blood methemoglobin (P less than .05). 相似文献
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The effect of quindoxin on the growth of broiler chickens 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1