Quantification of Cylindrocarpon destructans f. sp. panacis in soils by real-time PCR

Ginseng ( Panax quinquefolius ) is an important cash crop in various regions of North America, but yields are often reduced by various root pathogens. A quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) assay for Cylindrocarpon destructans f. sp. panacis (CDP), the cause of a root rot and replant disease which discourages successive cropping of ginseng on the same site, was developed to quantify the levels of this pathogen in soils previously cropped with ginseng. DNA was extracted from 5-g samples of soil. In pasteurized soils which were re-infested with varying levels of the pathogen, qPCR estimates of pathogen DNA were significantly correlated with disease severity ( r  = 0·494) and with counts of colony-forming units ( r  = 0·620) obtained with an agar medium. In several naturally infested field soils, qPCR estimates of CDP-DNA concentration were significantly correlated with disease severity ( r  = 0·765) and these concentrations were estimated to range from 0 to 1·48 ng g⁻¹ dried soil. A principal components analysis did not show any strong relationships between soil chemistry factors and the concentration of pathogen DNA. The approach outlined here allows the quantification of current populations of CDP in soil many years after ginseng cultivation and the prediction of disease severity in future crops. The method should be generally applicable to root diseases of many crops.     

土壤因子对海洋多粘类芽胞杆菌L_1-9在黄瓜根表土壤定殖的影响

本试验考察了土壤温度、有机质含量和pH对海洋生防细菌多粘类芽胞杆菌L_1-9在黄瓜根表土壤中定殖的影响。采用实时荧光定量PCR方法检测了不同时期黄瓜根表土壤中菌株L_1-9的16S r DNA拷贝数。结果表明,土壤有机质含量、土壤温度和pH对菌株L_1-9在黄瓜根表的定殖有显著影响(P0.01)。25℃定殖数量最高,为5.79×108拷贝/g土,是15℃时的3.4倍;添加有机肥20~40 g/kg土壤,可以促进菌株L_1-9在黄瓜根际定殖;pH 7时,菌株L_1-9在黄瓜根表土壤中的定殖数量最高。本研究为海洋生防菌L_1-9防治黄瓜土传病害提供了理论依据。     

Monitoring of atrazine treatment on soil bacterial,fungal and atrazine-degrading communities by quantitative competitive PCR

We report the development of quantitative competitive (QC) PCR assays for quantifying the 16S, 18S ribosomal and atzC genes in nucleic acids directly extracted from soil. QC-PCR assays were standardised, calibrated and evaluated with an experimental study aiming to evaluate the impact of atrazine application on soil microflora. Comparison of QC-PCR 16S and 18S results with those of soil microbial biomass showed that, following atrazine application, the microbial biomass was not affected and that the amount of 16S rDNA gene representing 'bacteria' increased transitorily, while the amount of 18S rDNA gene representing fungi decreased in soil. In addition, comparison of atzC QC-PCR results with those of atrazine mineralisation revealed that, in response to atrazine treatment, the amount of atzC gene increased transitorily in soil pre-treated with atrazine, suggesting that accelerated atrazine biodegradation in soil could be due to a transient increase in the size of the atrazine mineralising community.     

Isolation and characterisation of a bacterial strain degrading the herbicide sulcotrione from an agricultural soil

BACKGROUND: The dissipation kinetics of the herbicide sulcotrione sprayed 4 times on a French soil was studied using a laboratory microcosm approach. An advanced cultivation‐based method was then used to isolate the bacteria responsible for biotransformation of sulcotrione. Chromatographic methods were employed as complementary tools to define its metabolic pathway. RESULTS: Soil microflora was able quickly to biotransform the herbicide (DT₅₀ ≈ 8 days). 2‐Chloro‐4‐mesylbenzoic acid, one of its main metabolites, was clearly detected. However, no accelerated biodegradation process was observed. Eight pure sulcotrione‐resistant strains were isolated, but only one (1OP) was capable of degrading this herbicide with a relatively high efficiency and to use it as a sole source of carbon and energy. In parallel, another sulcotrione‐resistant strain (1TRANS) was shown to be incapable of degrading the herbicide. Amplified ribosomal restriction analysis (ARDRA) and repetitive extragenic palendromic PCR genomic (REP‐PCR) fingerprinting of strains 1OP and 1TRANS gave indistinguishable profiles. CONCLUSION: Sequencing and aligning analysis of 16S rDNA genes of each pure strain revealed identical sequences and a close phylogenetic relationship (99% sequence identity) to Pseudomonas putida. Such physiological and genetic properties of 1OP to metabolise sulcotrione were probably governed by mobile genetic elements in the genome of the bacteria. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

松嫩草原盐碱土细菌多样性分析

以松嫩盐碱草原3种不同盐碱程度的盐碱土为材料,应用高通量测序技术,研究了3种不同程度盐碱土壤的细菌群落结构。结果表明:3种盐碱土的理化性质差异显著(P<0.05),pH值、碱化度随着盐碱化程度增加而增大,而碱解氮、速效钾和有机质含量随着盐碱化程度增加而降低;3种盐碱土共获得2841个OTU,分属于39个细菌门,其中酸杆菌门、变形菌门等10个菌门是盐碱土中最主要的细菌门类;轻度盐碱土中酸杆菌门占主导地位,相对丰度为32.28%,中度盐碱土中变形菌门占主导地位,相对丰度为19.87%,重度盐碱土中放线菌门占主导地位,相对丰度为22.57%;RDA分析表明,酸杆菌门、硝化螺旋菌门、广古菌门、TM7等的相对丰度与碱解氮、有机质以及速效钾含量呈正相关,疣微菌门的相对丰度与有效磷含量呈正相关,放线菌门、浮霉菌门、拟杆菌门、芽单胞菌门、厚壁菌门的相对丰度与pH值、碱化度呈正相关。     

生防菌EN5的定殖能力及其对根际土壤微生物类群的影响

［目的］ 明确生防菌EN5菌株在番茄根、茎及根际土壤中和在黄瓜、烟草体内的定殖情况,及对根际土壤微生态的影响,为细菌性青枯病的生态治理提供理论依据。［方法］ 采用抗生素抗性标记法测定生防芽胞杆菌EN5的定殖能力;以平板培养及ERIC PCR法分析菌株EN5对番茄根际土壤微生物种群的影响。［结果］ 菌株EN5在番茄根、茎及根际土壤中均能稳定定殖,当菌株EN5处理植株15 d时,其在番茄茎内的定殖量可达5.6×104 cfu/g;此外,菌株EN5在烟草和黄瓜体内亦可定殖,其在烟草体内的定殖量较大。菌株EN5处理使根际土壤中细菌、真菌和放线菌的数量明显高于对照土壤,对氨化细菌、固氮菌、纤维素降解菌等微生物群体有促进作用,对反硫化细菌群体有抑制作用。同时,菌株EN5处理还改善了根际土壤中细菌群体的多样性。［结论］ 菌株EN5可以在其自然寄主番茄的根、茎及根际土壤中稳定定殖。同时,菌株EN5处理有助于改善根际土壤微生态环境,抑制病菌繁殖。     

pcaH, a molecular marker for estimating the diversity of the protocatechuate-degrading bacterial community in the soil environment

Microorganisms degrading phenolic compounds play an important role in soil carbon cycling as well as in pesticide degradation. The pcaH gene encoding a key ring-cleaving enzyme of the beta-ketoadipate pathway was selected as a functional marker. Using a degenerate primer pair, pcaH fragments were cloned from two agricultural soils. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) screening of 150 pcaH clones yielded 68 RFLP families. Comparison of 86 deduced amino acid sequences displayed 70% identity to known PcaH sequences. Phylogenetic analysis results in two major groups mainly related to PcaH sequences from Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria phyla. This confirms that the developed primer pair targets a wide diversity of pcaH sequences, thereby constituting a suitable molecular marker to estimate the response of the pca community to agricultural practices.     

连作条件下土壤中甘蓝枯萎病菌的致病力变化和种群遗传结构分化

 枯萎病菌致病力的变化可能是连作条件下甘蓝枯萎病严重发生的重要原因之一。本研究在建立适度感染的人工病圃的基础上连续种植甘蓝5茬,每茬收获后随机采集土样。利用驹田氏培养基通过稀释平板法对连作土壤中尖孢镰刀菌种群数量的监测结果表明,连作后尖孢镰刀菌的数量由第二茬后的3.047×10⁴ cfu·g^-1土壤增加到第五茬收获后的1.608×10⁵ cfu·g^-1 土壤。对各茬后所分离30株甘蓝枯萎病菌（Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. conglutinans, Foc）的培养性状的观察结果表明,连作后Foc菌株在菌落形态、菌落扩展速率和产孢量等方面均发生明显的变化。用浸根法进行的致病力测定结果表明,随着连茬次数增加,弱致病力菌株占总供试菌株的比例逐渐变小,到第三茬后由第一茬的6.7%下降为0;而强致病力菌株的比例逐渐上升,由第一茬后的6.7%上升到第四茬后的16.7%。利用11条寡聚核苷酸随机引物对受试菌株进行PCR-ISSR扩增,结果显示从第三茬后Foc群体遗传结构出现分化。UPGMA聚类分析结果表明,第三、四和五茬后的Foc菌株都分为A和B两个类群,每个类群又分为Ⅰ和Ⅱ两个亚类群,但同一类群和亚类群中包含不同致病力的菌株,未发现病菌的致病力变化与遗传结构分化之间的相关。     

Effects of glyphosate on soil microbial communities and its mineralization in a Mississippi soil

Transgenic glyphosate-resistant (GR) soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] has enabled highly effective and economical weed control. The concomitant increased application of glyphosate could lead to shifts in the soil microbial community. The objective of these experiments was to evaluate the effects of glyphosate on soil microbial community structure, function and activity. Field assessments on soil microbial communities were conducted on a silt loam soil near Stoneville, MS, USA. Surface soil was collected at time of planting, before initial glyphosate application and 14 days after two post-emergence glyphosate applications. Microbial community fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) were analyzed from these soil samples and soybean rhizospheres. Principal component analysis of the total FAME profile revealed no differentiation between field treatments, although the relative abundance of several individual fatty acids differed significantly. There was no significant herbicide effect in bulk soil or rhizosphere soils. Collectively, these findings indicate that glyphosate caused no meaningful whole microbial community shifts in this time period, even when applied at greater than label rates. Laboratory experiments, including up to threefold label rates of glyphosate, resulted in up to a 19% reduction in soil hydrolytic activity and small, brief (<7 days) changes in the soil microbial community. After incubation for 42 days, 32-37% of the applied glyphosate was mineralized when applied at threefold field rates, with about 9% forming bound residues. These results indicate that glyphosate has only small and transient effects on the soil microbial community, even when applied at greater than field rates.     

不同连作年限马铃薯根际土壤细菌群落特征研究

采用长期定位试验,设马铃薯连作1~7 a（CP1~CP7）和轮作（RT）8个处理,通过高通量测序探究不同连作年限对马铃薯根际土壤细菌群落多样性的影响。结果表明：供试土壤中,放线菌门、变形菌门、厚壁菌门为主要的优势菌门。随连作年限的增加,土壤细菌数量表现出波动变化趋势,连作年限影响细菌群落结构。RT、CP1、CP2、CP3处理土壤细菌相似度较高,CP4、CP5、CP6、CP7处理土壤细菌相似度较高。马铃薯连作7 a土壤中的放线菌门相对丰度降幅最大,较RT降低10.47%;厚壁菌门相对丰度在连作6 a土壤中显著降低,较RT减少22.07%;类诺卡氏属相对丰度在连作7 a显著减少,较RT减少2.34%;芽孢杆菌属相对丰度在连作6 a时最低,较RT减少9.18%;连作7 a较RT减少5.14%;芽单胞菌属相对丰度在连作7 a土壤中达到最高（16.54%）,较RT增加5.26%。长期连作改变了马铃薯土壤细菌群落结构,连作4 a土壤细菌群落种类开始变化,土壤细菌群落结构也随之改变。土壤中预防病害的菌类减少,增加了马铃薯染病风险。     

不同柠条密度在退化草地恢复过程中对土壤水分的影响

宁夏盐池县常受干旱风沙的影响,加上超载过牧,草场退化严重。1987年在柳杨堡乡建立了退化草场植被恢复与风蚀沙化防治技术示范区,带状种植了柠条(中间锦鸡儿Caragana intermedia),对退化草场进行改良。种植柠条,一方面增大了植被的覆盖度和土地生物产量,另一方面,由于柠条的生长也增大了对土壤水分的消耗。为此,我们进行了水分定位观测,从土壤水分季节性动态、水分垂直分布及贮水量几个方面作了系统的比较分析,研究柠条种植密度对土壤水分的影响,选择适宜的柠条种植密度。结果表明,柠条半人工草地土壤水分的季节变化受降水的影响,随降水量多少而变化。0～100cm土壤含水量的垂直分布规律为从表层到深层含水量递增。在定植后第11年,不同种植密度柠条草地土壤含水量没有显著的差异。定植后第16年,土壤含水量出现了显著的差异。种植密度1665丛／hm^2柠条半人工草地,0～100cm土层中,各土层含水量均极显著地高于3330丛／hm^2柠条半人工草地,其0～100cm土壤贮水量最高,为245．4mm,比2490丛／hm^2柠条半人工草地高48．10mm,比3330丛／hm^2柠条半人工草地高151．99mm。     

种稻年限对盐渍化土壤理化性质和细菌群落多样性的影响

为了解盐渍化土壤长期种稻引起土壤微生物和理化性质的变化特征,选取了种植水稻0、1、6、12、21 a的田块,用旱地(种植玉米)土壤作对照,利用Illumina Hiseq高通量测序技术解析不同种稻年限土壤细菌群落结构的特征,并分析了土壤理化因子与细菌群落结构的关系。结果表明:变形菌门、拟杆菌门、放线菌门是所有样点土壤细菌群落的优势种类,其中,变形菌门占总量的36.39%～53.20%,γ-变形菌纲相对丰度在0 a种稻的土壤中显著高于其他样点(P0.05)。变形菌门相对丰度在种稻1 a的土壤中含量较高,达到45.26%;拟杆菌门的相对丰度在种稻12 a和21 a土壤中较高,分别为20.25%和20.44%;放线菌门相对丰度在0 a土壤中显著高于其他样点(P0.05),为17.90%。在属水平,布赫纳氏菌属是所有样点的优势属。α多样性指数结果显示:种稻12 a的土壤细菌群落多样性和丰富度都显著低于其他样点,分别低于对照17.06%、85.73%、82.88%。土壤理化性质测定结果表明:全氮和硝态氮在旱地土壤中含量最高;微生物碳和电导率在种稻12 a的土壤中最低,低于对照101.89%、23.25%;有机碳在21 a种稻土壤中含量最高,高于对照29.03%;pH值在21 a种稻土壤中最低,低于对照组1.05%。Pearson相关性分析表明:微生物量碳和土壤电导率对细菌多样性指数的影响显著。冗余分析结果表明,土壤电导率值、微生物碳和硝态氮是影响盐渍化稻作土壤细菌群落结构的主要因子。研究表明,随着种稻年限的延长土壤细菌群落和理化性质发生显著变化,土壤生境呈明显的改善趋势。     

新型改良剂对苏打碱土理化性质及水稻产量的影响

为明确新型土壤改良剂对碱土快速改良的效果,筛选出田间应用最佳的改良剂用量,采用田间试验与土柱淋溶模拟相结合方法,设A_0(不加改良剂)、A_1(改良剂5 t·hm~(-2))、A_2(改良剂7.5 t·hm~(-2))、A_3(改良剂15t·hm~(-2))4个处理,研究不同用量改良剂对盐碱土pH值、水溶性盐总量、碱化度、土壤养分变化特性及水稻产量的影响。结果表明:与A_0处理相比,用新型改良剂处理均显著降低了0~40 cm土层pH值、水溶性盐总量和Na+含量(P0.05),且随改良剂用量增加,呈现降低趋势。田间试验中施用改良剂的土壤碱化度由34.55%(A0)下降至18.20%(A_3)(P0.05),同时降低了收获后土壤有机质和有效磷的含量(P0.05)。经改良后,水稻空瘪率显著降低(P0.05),水稻的有效分蘖增加,穗粒数和千粒重显著提高(P0.05),其中,A_2处理水稻增产近三倍(290.8%)。综合改良效果与产投比,改良剂适宜施用量为7.5 t·hm~(-2)。     

Detection of Colletotrichum coccodes from soil and potato tubers by conventional and quantitative real-time PCR

Colletotrichum coccodes is the causal agent of the potato blemish disease black dot. Two PCR primer sets were designed to sequences of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS1 and ITS2) regions for use in a nested PCR. The genus-specific outer primers (Cc1F1/Cc2R1) were designed to regions common to Colletotrichum spp., and the species-specific nested primers (Cc1NF1/Cc2NR1) were designed to sequences unique to C . coccodes . The primer sets amplified single products of 447 bp (Cc1F1/Cc2R1) and 349 bp (Cc1NF1/Cc2NR1) with DNA extracted from 33 European and North American isolates of C. coccodes. The specificity of primers Cc1NF1/Cc2NR1 was confirmed by the absence of amplified product with DNA of other species representing the six phylogenetic groups of the genus Colletotrichum and 46 other eukaryotic and prokaryotic plant pathogenic species. A rapid procedure for the direct extraction of DNA from soil and potato tubers was used to verify the PCR assay for detecting C. coccodes in environmental samples. The limit of sensitivity of PCR for the specific detection of C. coccodes when inoculum was added to soils was 3·0 spores per g, or the equivalent of 0·06 microsclerotia per g soil, the lowest level of inoculum tested. Colletotrichum coccodes was also detected by PCR in naturally infested soil and from both potato peel and peel extract from infected and apparently healthy tubers. Specific primers and a TaqMan fluorogenic probe were designed to perform quantitative real-time (TaqMan) PCR to obtain the same levels of sensitivity for detection of C. coccodes in soil and tubers during a first-round PCR as with conventional nested PCR and gel electrophoresis. This rapid and quantitative PCR diagnostic assay allows an accurate estimation of tuber and soil contamination by C. coccodes .     

番茄细菌性溃疡病苗期接种新方法的研究

 在剪叶、浸根和针刺等细菌病害传统接种方法基础上设计了打顶接种新方法;以番茄细菌性溃疡病菌中国菌株和美国菌株借助打顶法接种佳粉10、合作908和华南红宝石3个国内主栽番茄品种2~3片真叶期幼苗,在昼夜最低、最高温度15~18℃、32~35℃和相对湿度为30%~60%的温室条件下,打顶法接种番茄幼苗后溃疡病发病率为87.5%~100.0%,病情指数随接种菌悬液浓度提高而增大,达到23.96~82.29,3个供试品种之间表现稳定一致;剪叶、浸根和针刺接种方法的发病率普遍在40%以下,病情指数在20以下,3个供试品种之间未表现明显差异;进一步研究显示,使用选择性培养基mSCM能够从打顶法接种后的发病植株上获得培养性状与原接种体一致的分离物,专化性免疫凝聚试剂盒检测到特定的测试线,PCR扩增到614bp的特异性条带,证实该分离物为番茄细菌性溃疡病菌,发病植株为接种体侵染所致。该研究结果表明,打顶接种方法比剪叶法、针刺法和浸根法更适合用于番茄溃疡病菌的致病性测定和评价不同番茄品种苗期的抗病性,具有应用价值。     

短脚锦鸡儿灌丛对植物群落和土壤微生物群落的促进效应研究

以内蒙古荒漠区短脚锦鸡儿灌木为研究对象,采用野外调查法分析灌丛对植物群落的影响,采用传统培养法,结合分子鉴定法分析灌丛对土壤微生物群落的影响。结果表明:(1)灌丛内植物群落多度和总生物量显著大于灌丛外,但是物种丰度和Shannon-Wiener指数灌丛内外无显著差异;(2)随土壤深度的增加,表层土与深层土的土壤可培养细菌丰度和真菌多度差异不显著,其余土壤微生物群落多样性特征均表现为:表层土显著大于深层土;(3)灌丛对土壤微生物群落具有正效应,且表层土正效应最大;(4)灌丛对植物群落的促进作用大于对土壤微生物群落的作用。     

威百亩熏蒸对土壤反硝化作用及nirS型反硝化细菌群落结构的影响

为探究威百亩对土壤反硝化作用的影响及作用机制,采用理化分析和变性梯度凝胶电泳方法分析浓度20、100和500 mg/kg威百亩熏蒸对土壤反硝化作用及nirS型反硝化细菌群落结构的影响。结果显示,威百亩熏蒸处理0、14 d后,500 mg/kg浓度处理的土壤反硝化率为84.64%、90.52%,分别显著低于对照的86.72%和91.87%,100、20 mg/kg浓度处理的土壤反硝化率与对照均无显著差异;熏蒸处理28、56和84 d后,4个处理的土壤反硝化率均无显著差异。与对照相比,3个浓度威百亩熏蒸处理0、14、28、56和84 d后的土壤nirS型反硝化细菌群落的多样性指数和均匀度指数均差异不显著。除56 d外,20 mg/kg浓度熏蒸处理0、14、28和84 d的土壤细菌群落丰富度指数分别为8.77、14.77、9.77和8.75,均显著低于对照;100 mg/kg浓度熏蒸处理0、14和28 d后的土壤细菌群落丰富度指数分别为10.76、6.77和10.78,显著低于对照,而处理56、84 d后,土壤细菌群落丰富度指数与对照无显著差异。500 mg/kg浓度威百亩熏蒸处理后,土壤反硝化作用在熏蒸后0~14 d受到抑制,28 d后土壤反硝化作用自然恢复;土壤细菌群落丰富度指数无论熏蒸初期或后期与均对照差异不显著。威百亩对土壤反硝化强度的影响与nirS型硝化细菌群落结构变化无关,说明nirS型反硝化细菌在土壤反硝化作用中不起主要作用。     

链霉菌182-2抗真菌活性物质的分离及抑菌特性的初步研究

[目的]链霉菌182-2的发酵液对烟草赤星病有良好的抑制作用,本文拟对其发酵液中抗真菌活性组分进行初步分离,并进行抑菌特性研究.[方法]发酵液经预处理后,依次用活性炭脱色,大孔树脂吸附层析分离纯化,对纯化后活性物质(组分Ⅱ)的抑菌活性进行测定.[结果]分离纯化结果表明其活性物质中至少含有两种抗真菌活性组分.离体条件下当活性物质浓度为2 000μg/mL时,对烟草赤星病菌有很强的抑菌作用,抑菌圈直径达58.0mm.目测法测定抗生作用表明其最小抑菌浓度(MIC)为80 μg/mL,最小杀菌浓度(MBC)为160μg/mL.48 h时对菌丝生长和孢子萌发的抑制率最高,抑菌中浓度(EC50)分别为31.9 μg/mL和42.2μg/mL.活性组分处理还可导致病原菌菌丝和孢子萌发产生的芽管变形扭曲或产生大泡囊.[结论]纯化后的活性物质对烟草赤星病菌具有较强的抑制作用,有进一步研究利用的价值.     

Effect of soil inoculum level and environmental factors on potato powdery scab caused by Spongospora subterranea

The effects of soil inoculum level and three environmental factors (soil type, soil moisture regime and temperature) on the incidence and severity of powdery scab caused by Spongospora subterranea were investigated in potato plants grown under controlled environmental conditions. Symptoms of powdery scab on tubers were assessed visually, after which DNA was extracted from tuber peelings and quantified in a real-time polymerase chain reaction assay using primers and a TaqMan® probe specific to S. subterranea to establish tuber infection levels. Soil inoculum concentration of S. subterranea did not significantly affect the incidence and severity of either tuber infection or powdery scab symptoms at maturity. No significant differences in disease incidence and severity were found between sandy, loamy and clay soils, although the two lighter soils yielded more powdery scab than clay soil. Constant dampness of the soil resulted in significantly more disease than a fluctuating moisture regime. Infection and disease levels were high at all three temperatures tested (9, 12 and 17°C), but symptoms were most severe at 12°C. The percentage of plants with infected tubers did not increase after tuber initiation, although the amount of S. subterranea DNA detected in tubers and the severity of powdery scab symptoms increased in mature plants. Latent tuber infections were found to be common, especially under conditions suboptimal for disease development. This new information may be important for the prevention of powdery scab in potato-growing areas around the world.     

轮耕对冬春休闲旱地土壤结构及团聚体稳定性的影响

为了探索半干旱区合理的耕作制度,改善旱地土壤结构,提高农田生产力,于2007—2010年在宁南旱区进行了冬闲期免耕/深松/深松(N/S/S)、深松/免耕/免耕(S/N/N)、连年免耕(NT)及连年翻耕(CT)4种不同耕作模式试验,研究了轮耕对土壤孔隙度、团聚体结构组成及其稳定性的影响。结果表明,N/S/S轮耕处理较CT和NT显著降低了冬春休闲旱作农田0~20 cm土层的土壤容重和土壤孔隙度,降低幅度2.5%~3.1%,较S/N/N轮耕处理20~40 cm土层土壤孔隙度提高了2.8%(P0.05);NT处理与S/N/N轮耕处理0~40 cm土层0.25 mm机械稳定性与水稳性团聚体含量、平均重量直径(MWD)和几何平均直径(GMD)均高于翻耕处理。连续两年以上免耕处理(NT和S/N/N)能够促进旱作农田土壤团聚体的形成,增加了土壤团聚体平均重量直径和几何平均直径,降低了土壤团聚体的破坏率,提高了土壤的结构稳定性。