Evaluation of observer‐ and industry‐based catch data in a recreational charter fishery

There is international recognition for greater inclusion of recreational fisheries catch data in species, fisheries and ecosystem assessments. Recreational charter fisheries provide important social services and contribute to total species catches. This study compares and validates industry logbook catch and effort data (1,357 trips) against observer data (154 trips) across six ports in a recreational charter fishery in eastern Australia. The mean numbers of clients and fishing effort (hours) per trip varied inconsistently between data sources and among ports. Logbooks did not adequately report released catches, and the mean number of species retained per trip was consistently underestimated in logbooks compared to observer data. For both data sources, catch rates of total individuals and key species displayed similar trends across different units of effort; catch per hour, client, client/hour and trip. The mean catch rates of total individuals and most key species, except those retained for bait, were similar across data sources, as were estimates of total fleet harvests. The length compositions of retained catches of some key species displayed truncation of larger organisms in the observer data whereas other species did not. Despite the shortcomings of the logbook data, future fishery and species monitoring strategies could include industry and observer data sources.     

The application of recreational fishing survey data for ecological research,a case study from Western Port,Australia

There is a world‐wide need for information on the ecology and habitat dependencies of important fish species. Recreational fishing surveys represent a potential source of data to increase our knowledge of fish distribution and habitat relationships. Here, a case study is provided on two key recreational species, King George Whiting Sillaginodes punctatus (Cuvier) and Snapper Chrysophrys auratus (Forster). The data came from a recreational fishing survey where 10,978 interviews were conducted from 1998 to 2013 in Western Port, Victoria, Australia. Spatial mapping of catch rate in relation to depth and habitat showed that S. punctatus distribution was related to seagrass cover while C. auratus distribution was related to deeper reef habitat. Juveniles of both species were more abundant in the south‐eastern section of the bay, where water quality is affected by catchment inputs. Overall, the study showed that the inclusion of spatial and habitat information in the design of recreational fishing surveys can significantly increase understanding of the ecology of key species.     

Linking scallop distribution and abundance with fisher behaviour: implication for management to avoid repeated stock collapse in a recreational fishery

Abstract The scallop fishery in southern Tasmania is one of the oldest in the world with harvest records dating back for over a century. This fishery has been plagued by episodic boom and bust cycles, a feature common to many fisheries targeting sessile marine invertebrates. In 2005, after a closure of 12 years, the fishery was once again opened to harvest, but access was only granted to recreational fishers and conservative management arrangements were implemented with an expectation of providing longer‐term sustainability for the fishery. This study used dive surveys combined with telephone surveys of licenced fishers to monitor the fishery and resource status over between 2005 and 2009. Results indicated that, despite the conservative management approach, scallop stocks declined markedly over the study period, in part because of serial depletion of dense beds by recreational diving effort. This was set against the perception by the majority of divers who had participated in the fishery for multiple years that the stock levels had been maintained if not improved over the 4 years. This misperception reflects a shifting baseline phenomenon whereby divers progressively moved into new areas and switched target species, overlooking the lack of scallops in areas fished previously.     

The risk of individual fish being captured multiple times in a catch and release fishery

The proportion of angled Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. being caught and released has increased. If individuals are repeatedly captured, this may have fish welfare consequences. Of 995 Atlantic salmon tagged during catch and release in eight Norwegian rivers, 10% were captured twice, while 3% were captured three times within the same fishing season. The probability that released salmon were captured again decreased with decreasing time left of the fishing season, decreased for larger‐sized fish and varied among rivers/years. Increased exploitation rates within the river, indicating an increased fishing pressure, strongly increased the probability that fish would be recaptured. However, the proportion of salmon caught a second time was much lower than the total exploitation rates in the same rivers (which was on average 46%). For fish tagged in the sea, the likelihood of being angled decreased with time since entering the river, which may explain why the recapture rates of caught and released fish were lower than the total exploitation rates.     

Balancing conservation and recreational fishery objectives for a threatened fish species,the Murray cod,Maccullochella peelii

Murray cod Maccullochella peelii (Mitchell) is a large, iconic Australian fish species targeted by anglers but also listed as nationally threatened. A consultative process that included conservation and fishery interests helped to develop a population model for this species and agree on management scenarios to be tested. The modelled scenarios illustrated that threats to populations (risk of decline) can be substantially reduced and catch rates increased through harvest slot length limits (HSLL) rather than minimum legal limits (MLL). A 600‐ to 1000‐mm HSLL provided lower risk of decline and greater catch rates than the existing 500‐mm MLL, but better results were achieved with a 400‐ to 600‐mm HSLL. Importantly, a range of other impacts (fish kills, stocking, thermal impacts, larval mortalities, habitat changes) were recognised and incorporated. This study provides an example of the utility of a population model to improve management decision‐making for both conservation and fishery objectives.     

渔业资源增殖放流效果评估方法的研究

依据渔业资源评估原理,结合渔业资源增殖放流的特点,提出一套计算群体生物统计量进而评估渔业资源增殖放流效果的方法。选用渔业资源评估模型,估算未建立生长方程的增殖放流种类的生长参数及其自然死亡系数,以及增殖放流种类的合理放流数量。提出确认渔获物中来自放流种苗数量的方法。推导了计算捕捞死亡系数和按时间序列计算放流群体残存量、回捕量、回捕率和回捕效益等的公式。     

Effects of 17/0 circle hooks and bait on fish catches in a Southern Atlantic swordfish longline fishery

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钱塘江中下游鱼类资源及其增殖途径

作者于1995～1996年和2000～2001年对钱塘江中下游的鱼类区系,主要经济鱼类的渔获组成以及年龄、体长和体重等进行了调查分析,根据所得的材料,论述了该水域的鱼类资源及其利用现状,并就资源增殖提出了若干建议。     

Effects of a hook ring on catch and bycatch in a Mediterranean swordfish longline fishery: small addition with potentially large consequences

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黄河口海域春季和夏季须子网渔获物组成分析

须子网是黄河口海区应用较广的陷阱类网具之一。为养护和管理黄河口海区渔业资源,对该海域春季和夏季须子网渔获物组成进行分析。2013年5月和2014年8月对东营黄河口海区进行了3次导陷插网网具须子网的渔获物调查,采用相对重要性指数(IRI)、种类丰富度指数和Sorensen相似性系数Ss对调查数据进行了分析。结果显示,春季和夏季须子网捕获渔获物共计45种;春季和夏季渔获物优势种(IRI1 000)分别为7种和9种,共同优势种为2种;春季和夏季渔获种类的Sorensen相似性系数Ss为0.39,该海域春季和夏季的渔获物丰富度指数(R)、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H)、均匀度指数(J)分别为15.81和2.91、0.51和11.26、2.17和0.43;春季和夏季平均每网渔获量和尾数分别为55.04 kg和8 766尾、50.56 kg和3 390尾。调查结果表明,春季生物群落优势度较夏季优势高,使用须子网,其渔获物组成混杂、渔获幼体组成比例较高,长此以往不利于资源的繁殖保护,对黄河口渔业资源破坏较为严重。调研结果可为我国黄河口海区渔具管理以及渔业资源的可持续发展与管理提供科学参考。     

A comparison of randomized intervention analysis and two-factor analysis of variance for analysis of angler effort in a floodplain river fishery

Probability values were compared among randomized intervention analysis (RIA) and untransformed and log_e‐transformed two‐factor analyses of variance (anova ) to test effects of fish stocking and a public relations programme on angler effort. The data set consisted of a time series of angler vehicle counts at single control and impact locations in a before–after‐control‐impact (BACI) experimental design. A randomized complete block anova indicated that probability values from RIA and the untransformed and log_e‐transformed two‐factor anova did not differ significantly (P = 0.345), and that they did not result in different conclusions concerning angler effort. Randomized intervention analysis is superior to two‐factor anova in not having to conform with assumptions of parametric statistics, and it tests for temporal autocorrelation. Two‐factor anova is superior to RIA in providing statistical inferences about possible differences in main effects, i.e. control and impact locations and pre‐ and post‐treatment periods, if the interaction term is non‐significant. To achieve the most comprehensive analysis, it is recommended that both RIA and two‐factor anova (whether untransformed or transformed) be performed during field experiments of angler effort when using a BACI design at single control and treatment locations.     

Standardized catch and survival rates,and effect of a ban on shark retention,Palau pelagic longline fishery

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The effect of hook/bait size and angling technique on the hooking location and the catch of recreationally caught black bream Acanthopagrus butcheri

The black bream Acanthopagrus butcheri recreational fishery is the largest estuarine fishery in Victoria. This fishery is managed through legal-minimum length and daily bag limits. The success of this management strategy requires a high survival rate for released fish. Deep-hooking is known to reduce the chance of fish survival after recreational capture and release. This study investigated the potential to reduce deep-hooking and the number of under-size A. butcheri caught by varying angling gear and techniques. Three sizes of long shank hook (small [size 8], medium [size 4] and large [size 1/0]) and two angling techniques (slack line and tight line) were tested for their deep-hooking rates and selectivity characteristics. Increasing the hook size from small to large decreased the likelihood of deep-hooking by 6.6 times (95% CI 2.3–16.3 times). Fishing with a tight line instead of a slack line decreased the chance of deep-hooking by almost 100% (95% CI 0.8–3.6). Fishing with a large hook instead of a small hook significantly (F = 6.71, df = 2, P = <0.001) increased the mean A. butcheri length, although this mean size increase was less than 1 cm. This study was able to identify angling gear and angling technique manipulations that reduced the rate of deep-hooking when targeting A. butcheri in Victorian estuaries.     

The use of European river lamprey as bait by the UK coarse predator angling community

Recreational fishing is a commonplace leisure activity within the developed world but can generate tension when activities conflict with conservation agendas. A potential conflict arises over the use of European river lamprey, Lampetra fluviatilis (L.), a protected species, by UK coarse (freshwater non-salmonid) predator anglers. This study used geographically stratified interviews with 69 predator anglers to explore attitudes towards the use of lamprey as bait, their conservation status and knowledge of biosecurity regulations. Most participants used lamprey as bait to some degree and agreed that, if threatened by exploitation, a ban on their use as angling bait should be implemented. Ordinal regression analysis indicated the presence of a subset of anglers who value lamprey as bait more than others and may oppose conservation efforts. The benefits of the potential establishment of bait certification schemes are also considered.     

新加坡观赏渔业分析及对我国的借鉴意义

当今,在水族箱内饲养观赏鱼已遍及全球,已成为一种休闲时尚,可以说,每类观赏鱼的发展,都是一个长期文化交流和贸易交往的结果。从观赏鱼的出口量情况看,新加坡最大,而且新加坡观赏鱼管理制度化、组织化、规范化、普及化,重视观赏鱼养殖的可持续发展,是中国观赏鱼外向型发展应该吸取的;对于中国观赏鱼产业健康全面发展面临的挑战,更应值得深思,而且观赏渔业作为一个新兴产业,在促进社会主义精神文明建设和国民经济的快速发展等方面有非常重要的意义。     

太湖湖鲚渔获量及年龄结构变化与环境间的相互关系

在太湖,随着鱼类总渔获量的不断增加和鱼类种类的不断减少,湖鲚(Coilia ectenestaihuensis Yen et Lin),一种小型浮游动物食性鱼类已成为绝对优势种.根据1952-2004年的统计数据和2003-2005年对湖鲚年龄结构和食物组成的调查,研究了湖鲚快速增加的原因以及与环境间的相互关系.结果如下:(1)在1952到2004年期间,湖鲚渔获量从1952年的640.5 t、占总渔获量的15.8%上升到2004年的21 221 t、占63.8%.尤其是1994年后湖鲚渔获量以每年1280.5 t的速度增加;(2)湖鲚种群年龄结构低龄个体呈现不断增加趋势.1979和1980年0 个体仅占33%和34%,而2003和2004年0 个体分别上升到99.04%和99.08%;(3)0 湖鲚主要摄食浮游动物.按照个数组成比例计算,枝角类平均占89.77%±13.69%、桡足类占7.84%±11.53%、轮虫仅占2.39%±4.95%.分析认为:江湖阻隔、过度捕捞、富营养化不断加重等人类活动以及太湖特有的鱼类生态学特点是导致湖鲚渔获量不断增加、年龄结构发生变化的根本原因.随着湖鲚数量的快速增加,在湖鲚生长期间太湖浮游动物现存量呈现相应下降趋势,这可能使太湖浮游植物更易暴发.     

The fishery of the Ea Kao reservoir, southern Vietnam: a fishery based on a combination of stock and recapture, and self-recruiting populations

The present paper describes the fishery of the Ea Kao reservoir in south Vietnam. Historical data on the total production and total numbers of fish stocked were available from 1983 to 1996, and this information, together with the results of monthly monitoring of the fishery from June 1996 to December 1998, was used in the present study. A number of gears are used in the Ea Kao fishery, the most important being gill, lift and integrated nets, and beach seines. The fishery of Ea Kao is based on the annual stocking of advanced fry/early fingerlings of 0.3–1.0-g bighead carp, Hypophthalmichthys nobilis (Richardson), silver carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Cuvier & Valenciennes) and rohu, Labeo rohita Hamilton, as well as the self-recruiting indigenous species Toxabramis houdemeri Pellegrin and two exotic species, i.e. Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.), and common carp, Cyprinus carpio L. On average, the regularly stocked species contribute to 78% of total production, which has been around 400–450 kg ha⁻¹ in the last few years. The monthly peak catches of stocked species tend to coincide with the rainy season from May to October and the catches of self-recruiting species peak between February and April. A significant relationship ( P < 0.001) exists between the stocking density in year n (SD, n ha⁻¹) and the yield of stocked fish in year n + 1 ( Y , kg ha⁻¹):     

Models for forecasting sandfish catch in the coastal waters off Akita Prefecture and the evaluation of the effect of a 3-year fishery closure

SUMMARY: The sandfish Arctoscopus japonicus in the coastal waters off Akita Prefecture had been landed in amounts of more than 10 000 t continuously from 1963 to 1975. From 1976, however, it began to decrease sharply and fell to only 74 t in 1984. The fishery society of Akita Prefecture closed the fishing from 1 September 1992 to 30 September 1995. Since 1995, the total allowable catch (TAC) allocated in each year has increased. However, the mechanism behind the increment of catch has not been clearly demonstrated. The aim of this study is to elucidate the mechanism behind the increase of catch using catch forecasting models constructed with past water temperature and catch data. The results were as follows: (i) the effect of water temperature in the depth strata 200–300 m, September of year t –1, t –2 and t –3 of station 1 would be important for forecasting the catch in year t; (ii) coastal catch in year t –1 and t –2 would be important for forecasting the catch in year t; (iii) the effect of a fishery closure would be significantly related to the period of the closure and the environmental condition such as water temperature; and (iv) the TAC system would be important for the recovery of stock and to avoid the depletion of abundance.     

基于张网渔获的蟹笼渔具对三疣梭子蟹的相对选择性

蟹笼渔具是东海近海重要的作业方式,安装释放装置是改善蟹笼渔具选择性的重要技术手段。作者通过海上试验,对比释放口宽度分别为25 mm和30 mm的试验蟹笼、对照蟹笼和张网的三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)渔获,结合渔获方程和SELECT模型分析蟹笼的接触选择性和对张网的相对选择性。试验结果显示,张网渔具所捕获的群体较对照蟹笼更小;对比对照蟹笼渔获分布,分析试验蟹笼的接触选择性,结果显示,50%选择甲宽(l50)和蟹笼的捕捞能力随着释放口宽度的增大而增大,但选择范围(SR)基本不变。对比张网的渔获分布,获得蟹笼对三疣梭子蟹的相对选择性,结合张网和蟹笼的作业特点,将对照蟹笼的相对选择性视为蟹笼渔具的可捕率,结果显示,较大的个体更容易接触并进入蟹笼,50%概率接触并进入蟹笼的个体甲宽为98.7 mm;释放口宽度30 mm的试验蟹笼的相对选择性的l50(118.4 mm)和SR(10.5 mm)与接触选择性的l50(117.4 mm)和SR(9.5 mm)几无差异;对于释放口宽度25 mm的试验蟹笼,接触和相对选择性l50没有差异,但相对选择范围SR(5.6 mm)明显小于接触选择范围(11.3 mm),因此只考虑蟹笼的接触选择性而忽略其可捕率所得的结果可能会产生偏差。根据试验结果,本文对蟹笼渔具的可捕率的描述方式以及与蟹笼作业能力的区别进行了探讨。