饲料及动物性食品中山羊源性和绵羊源性成分双重荧光PCR检测方法的建立

目的建立一种能同时检测饲料及动物性食品中的山羊和绵羊源性成分的双重荧光PCR方法,应用于动物源性饲料及动物性食品的快速检验.方法分别根据山羊、绵羊线粒体种间保守序列,设计合成针对山羊和绵羊的特异性引物及TaqMan探针,通过荧光PCR反应体系和反应条件的优化筛选,建立可同时检测饲料及动物性食品中的山羊和绵羊源性成分的双重荧光PCR方法.结果本研究所建立的双重荧光PCR检测方法可同时快速检测饲料及动物性食品中的山羊和绵羊源性成分,应用本方法检测山羊肉和绵羊肉模板的检出限均为10-5,与相应的单重荧光PCR方法的检出限一致,比国标法(GB/T20190-2006)的灵敏性高100倍.结论本研究建立的双重荧光PCR检测方法特异性好、敏感性强,适用于饲料、肉制品、乳制品等动物源性食品的快速检测     

利用线粒体COI序列快速检测狐源性成分

狐狸是一种重要的经济皮毛动物,养殖业十分发达.选择狐狸线粒体COI基因序列,设计特异性引物和探针,经条件优化和验证,建立狐狸成分的实时荧光PCR检测方法.该方法灵敏度高,检测限可达12 fg DNA,而且与常见的猪、牛、羊、犬以及大豆、玉米等其他物种无交叉反应.该方法可作为食品和饲料中狐狸源性成分鉴别检测的有效方法,也可作为狐狸皮毛真伪鉴别的方法.     

一种食品中猪源性成分的快速检测技术

建立一种基于PCR技术的食品中猪源性成分快速检测技术。根据猪线粒体cytb基因设计引物,进行PCR扩增。该方法对猪DNA检测的灵敏度达到100pg;该方法仅对猪DNA检测呈阳性,与其他物种DNA无交叉反应;同时可用于商业样本及复杂食物样本的检测。本研究的猪源性成分特异PCR检测技术具有快速、准确的特点,且具有较高的特异性和敏感性,可作为肉制品中猪源性成分快速检测的手段。     

喹乙醇药物ELISA检测方法的建立

本文根据抗原抗体特异性反应及酶联反应放大作用原理,建立了喹乙醇药物残留ELISA检测方法。该方法可检测对象涉及饲料及动物性食品,检测灵敏度达到0.5 ng.g-1,准确度可达85%,检测时间仅需75 min,能够满足灵敏、快速、简便、低成本、大批量的检测需求。     

铁骑力士冯光德实验室检测中心通过英国FAPAS能力验证

近日收到英国FAPAS（食品分析能力评价体系）通知，铁骑力士集团冯光德实验室检测中心在猪配合饲料中水分、蛋白、灰分、微量元素锌检测的能力验证中获得满意结果。     

动物产品中猪源性和牛源性成分双重荧光PCR检测方法的建立

[目的]建立双重荧光PCR法,检测动物产品中猪、牛源性成分。[方法]分别针对猪、牛线粒体DNA（mitochondrial DNA,mtDNA）种间保守基因,设计特异性引物与探针,通过对反应体系和反应条件的优化筛选,建立了双重荧光PCR方法,在同一个荧光PCR反应中完成2种动物源性成分的检测。并对该方法的特异性、敏感性进行评估。[结果]对16种不同的动物DNA进行检测．仅猪、牛源性成分收集到相应的典型的S型扩增曲线,对猪、牛二联模板的检测,可同时收集到相应模板的扩增曲线．其余14种动物源性成分未发现扩增曲线。双重荧光PCR对猪肉、牛肉模板的最低检出限均为10^-5,与相应的单重荧光PCR方法的检出限一致。[结论]该方法特异性强,敏感性高,适用于肉制品、奶制品、饲料等动物源性产品的检测。     

ELISA在饲料及食品安全检测中的应用

检测食品及饲料中有害物质的方法很多,但大多数需要昂贵的仪器设备,且操作繁琐成本较高。酶联免疫吸附分析法是固相吸附技术和免疫酶技术相结合的一种方法,具有操作简便和快速准确等特点,可用于检测食品及饲料中微生物、毒素、农药残留、重金属污染及转基因产品等。     

液相色谱串联质谱法测定饲料中的己烯雌酚

己烯雌酚属于二苯乙烯类,并具有雌性激素的作用,是有效的促蛋白合成类固醇,在家禽或鱼类的肉产品中过量残留己烯雌酚会对消费者造成危害,为此己烯雌酚已经被禁止在食品生产中使用。但肉类食品中的过量残留,主要是由于被饲喂动物的饲料中非法添加含高含量的己烯雌酚所致,所以要使食品中己烯雌酚得到有效控制,对饲料中的己烯雌酚进行监测也很重要。经试验:利用高效液相色谱串联质谱法(UPLC-MS/MS)检测饲料中己烯雌酚的含量,试样中的己烯雌酚经用甲醇溶解试样后,离心过膜后,采用负电喷雾离子源,在多反应监测(MRM)模式下进行分析,外标法定量,三对定性离子对分别为:m/z320.90>151.85、320.90>256.92和320.90>193.90,定量离子对为320.90>151.85。在1μg/L～500μg/L浓度范围内,呈良好的线性,相关系数≥0.99995。在鸡用配合饲料、鸡用浓缩饲料、鱼用配合饲料、鱼用浓缩饲料中,平均回收率≥93.0%,回收率标准偏差≤0.85%,检测限为0.01mg/kg,定量限为0.02mg/kg。该方法分析饲料中的己烯雌酚,前处理方法操作简便、快速、净化效果好,可同时定性和定量,方法的回收率、重复性、检测限均能满足饲料中己烯雌酚残留检测的要求。     

中草药添加剂在育肥猪生长中的应用效果

本文试验通过在饲料中添加天然中草药,探讨其在生长育肥猪饲料中完全替代抗生素及部分营养物质的应用效果。试验结果显示,添加中草药添加剂能促进育肥猪的生长,提高增重,降低料肉比,整个试验过程没有发生任何疫病。猪肉产品经中华人民共和国北京出入境检验检疫局检测,达到出口欧盟、日本的各项指标,肉质风味经中国肉类食品综合研究中心品评,试验组分值均高于对照组。该项技术已申报国家发明专利。     

怎样用泔水喂猪

一、泔水是猪的好饲料。泔水是宾馆、饭店、伙食团体的废产品,动物性和植物性食品应有尽有,营养丰富,是猪的好饲料,也是解决饲料来源和降低生产成本的一种好办法。据试验,15-20公斤的猪,每天喂泔水5公斤,日增重达450克。50公斤左右的育肥猪,每天喂泔水7公斤,日增重在600克以上。在育肥期的最后两周,除泔水外,再增加些谷类饲料,增重效果更佳。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.