PCR检测转基因大豆

［目的］定性检测转基因大豆。［方法］以非转基因大豆和CP4-EPSPS转基因大豆为材料,以大豆内源基因Lectin和外源基因5-莽草酸-3-磷酸合成酶基因（CP4-EPSPS）为检测的目的片段,建立PCR反应体系。采用改进CTAB法提取大豆基因组DNA,并对所提DNA进行PCR扩增和电泳检测,确定转基因大豆的PCR检测限。［结果］改进CTAB法提取的大豆基因组DNA电泳条带清晰完整,转基因大豆和非转基因大豆基因组DNA均可扩增出约409 bp的条带即Lectin基因,而只在转基因大豆中检测出CP4-EPSPS特异性片段;当转基因大豆的含量为100%～0.2%时,均可扩增出特异性条带。［结论］该研究建立了转基因大豆的PCR检测方法。     

转基因大豆及其深加工产品的PCR检测

以PCR技术为基础,建立了从大豆及其深加工产品中检测转基因成分的方法。大豆及其深加工产品采用改良的CTAB法进行DNA提取纯化,大豆色拉油DNA则用试剂盒方法进行了提取纯化。对提取的DNA用PCR方法对大豆特异性内源基因lectin进行扩增,设计CaMV35启动子和NOS终止子特异性引物对其是否含有转基因成份进行初步的定性PCR筛选,并用抗除草剂基因CP4EPSPS对阳性结果进行确证。实验结果表明,改良的CTAB法对大豆深加工产品的DNA有很好的提取效果,而试剂盒方法对色拉油的DNA有良好的提取效果;PCR检测转基因的方法快速高效,检测结果与标准相符。     

转TaDREB3a大豆品系KD1遗传稳定性分析及抗旱性鉴定

利用基因工程技术将抗旱基因转入大豆,培育高抗旱大豆品种,可提高大豆总产量.抗旱转基因大豆KD1是通过农杆菌介导法将来源于小麦TaDREB3a基因导入大豆受体品种垦农18中获得的转基因大豆材料.利用PCR方法,对转基因大豆KD1连续3代(T2～T4代)转基因大豆进行特异性PCR检测验证.结果表明,TaDREB3a和bar基因在KD1后代中稳定遗传.进一步对外源基因作表达分析,连续3代(T2～T4)qRT-PCR检测结果表明,外源基因TaDREB3a和标记基因bar在转基因大豆叶、茎、根和籽粒中均表达且稳定遗传,且TaDREB3a基因在叶片和根中表达水平较高.Western blot结果表明,TaDREB3a和bar基因翻译的外源蛋白在转基因材料后代中稳定表达.对连续2代转基因材料抗旱性分析表明,KD1在芽期具有较强抗旱性,且其抗旱性状显著高于对照且稳定遗传.对转基因大豆KD1作靶标及非靶标除草剂抗性及耐性分析得知,外源基因bar在转基因大豆中稳定表达且在受体垦农18中表达TaDREB3a基因未改变非靶标除草剂抗性.     

利用微滴数字PCR技术分析转基因大豆‘GE-J12’中外源基因的拷贝数

为鉴定抗除草剂转基因大豆新品种‘GE-J12’的外源基因插入拷贝数,以该转化体的外源插入目的基因G2-EPSPS和GAT的序列、3′转化体特异性序列为靶序列,设计PCR扩增引物和TaqMan探针,并对引物探针特异性进行鉴定,同时以大豆内标基因Lectin为参照,建立微滴数字PCR拷贝数检测体系。特异性试验结果显示,只有以抗除草剂转基因大豆‘GE-J12’基因组DNA为模板才有扩增信号。以单株转基因大豆‘GE-J12’基因组DNA为模板,进行外源目的基因G2-EPSPS和GAT、3′转化体特异性序列的微滴数字PCR检测,转基因大豆‘GE-J12’的外源目的基因G2-EPSPS和GAT在基因组上的插入拷贝数均值分别为0.99和1.01。同时3′转化体特异性序列的拷贝数均值为1.00,验证单株转基因大豆‘GE-J12’为纯合子,因此鉴定该单株转基因大豆‘GE-J12’的外源基因在大豆基因组上为单拷贝插入,同时与Southern blot方法进行比较,结果一致。     

转基因大豆、玉米、水稻深加工产品的五重巢式 PCR技术检测

本试验针对已商品化的转基因大豆、玉米和水稻的主要外源基因Cry1A(B)基因、BAR基因、CP4-EPSPS基因和PAT基因及共有的内标准基因RBCL基因设计了10对引物,对从超市购买的进口大豆、玉米和水稻的11种深加工制品(未标注是否含有转基因成分)进行了五重巢式PCR定性检测。第1轮普通五重PCR检测,11个待测样品均未出现任何转基因成分,其灵敏度为0.5%;第2轮将普通五重PCR扩增产物进行五重巢式PCR检测,结果在卵磷脂、大豆蛋白质粉、巧克力饮品和婴儿米粉中扩增出RBCL基因,玉米淀粉和玉米泥中扩增出RBCL基因、Cry1A(B)基因和PAT基因;玉米蛋白粉扩增出RBCL基因、Cry1A(B)基因和BAR基因,营养麦片扩增出内参RBCL基因和Cry1A(B)基因,在大豆精炼油、色拉油和玉米油中未检测出上述2种基因和另外3种外源基因CP4-EPSPS、BAR和PAT,其检测灵敏度为0.005%。结果提示,五重巢式PCR检测方法适用于转基因大豆、玉米和水稻深加工产品的定性检测。     

使用Eva Green染料的荧光PCR定性检测转基因产品

本文把一种新型荧光染料——Eva Green应用在荧光PCR中,通过设计特异性的引物来检测转基因产品。所检测的转基因基因包括内对照基因rbcl,外源基因的筛选基因Carny 35S启动子,NOS终止子,NPTⅡ基因,外源基因的鉴定转基因大豆roundupready的CP4CP4EPSPS和转基因马铃薯NEWLEAF的PVYcp。实验结果表明,各对引物特异性强,使用EvaGreen荧光检测的结果稳定,检测线可以小于0．5％．     

抗除草剂转基因水稻和大豆快速准确检测技术研究

以实验室培育的转基因水稻和大豆为研究材料,对含草铵膦乙酰转移酶基因(phosphinothricin acetyltransferase gene,bar)和不与草甘膦结合的突变型5-烯醇丙酮莽草酸-3-磷酸合酶编码基因(5-enolpyruvylshi-kimate-3-phosate synthase gene,EPSPS)2种不同除草剂筛选标记的转基因植株进行叶片喷涂、叶片离体平板培养、种子萌发试验,以建立快速、准确的转基因鉴定方法,并探索可有效区分转化和非转化植株鉴定用的筛选剂剂量.结果表明:这3种方法都能快速、简便、准确地鉴定相应的转基因植株;水稻和大豆叶片对农药吸收具有一定的差异,用300或135 mg/L草铵膦可有效区分是否转入bar基因,用1％或0.25％农达喷施可区分是否转入EPSPS基因;用含有50 mg/L草甘膦的平板培养离体大豆叶片可以方便地区分出转基因株系;种子萌发对除草剂剂量十分敏感,用远低于10 mg/L的2种除草剂即可有效区分阳性与阴性种子.本研究建立的快速鉴定转基因植株的方法在转基因研究材料的鉴定及转基因安全评估中具有重要意义.     

LAMP在检测转基因抗草甘膦大豆cp4-epsps基因的应用

以转基因抗草甘膦大豆为主要研究对象,利用环介导等温扩增技术（Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification,LAMP）,针对cp4-epsps合成酶基因（5-enolpymvlshimimate-3-phosphate synthase）的6个区域设计4条特异性引物,利用一种链置换DNA聚合酶（Bst DNA polymerase）,在65℃保温30Igm,通过荧光显色即可完成对转基因的检测工作。结果显示,该LAMP方法能够特异性检测cp4-epsps基因,其检测灵敏度是常规定性PCR方法的10倍。建立了针对转基因大豆cp4-epsps基因的LAMP检测方法,其具有高度的特异性及稳定性,结果可靠,适合转基因抗草甘膦大豆的快速检测。     

Taqman定量PCR技术检测转基因大豆中外源基因拷贝数

[目的]采用Taqman定量PCR技术检测转基因杂交大豆中外源,Ⅲ终止子基因的拷贝数。[方法]以大豆凝集素基因为内参照基因,以非转基因大豆基因组DNA为内参照基因标准品,通过梯度稀释法分别求取了内参照基因和质粒DNA的cz值与拷贝数对数值的相关性标准曲线方程,并通过将得到的0值代入标准曲线方程求取了样品的拷贝数。[结果]内参照基因标准曲线方程为Y=-3．422x＋35．201,R^2=O．998;外源基因标准曲线方程为Y=-3．348x＋34．890,R^2=0．999。nos终止子基因及其下游边界序列在转基因杂交大豆中为单拷贝。[结论]为确定转基因大豆外源基因拷贝数提供了理论依据。     

过表达酵母PAC1增强转基因大豆对大豆花叶病毒的抗性

【目的】大豆花叶病毒（soybean mosaic virus,SMV)病是中国大豆产区最主要的病害之一,严重影响大豆产量和籽粒品质。核糖核酸酶PAC1能够识别和降解植物RNA病毒或类病毒复制过程中产生的dsRNAs,从而有效抑制病毒在寄主中的复制与积累。PAC1的这一特点为广谱抗RNA病毒及类病毒转基因作物的创制和培育提供了有效的靶标基因。本研究利用转基因技术,将来源于粟酒裂殖酵母菌(Schizosaccharomyces pombe)的PAC1导入栽培大豆,研究过表达PAC1对大豆SMV抗性的影响,为抗SMV转基因大豆新品种选育提供依据。【方法】采用酶切连接技术,将PAC1连接到双元表达载体pCAMBIA3300中,构建植物表达载体pCAMBIA3300-PAC1。目的基因启动子为组成型强启动子CaMV 35S,终止子为NOS,筛选标记为草铵膦抗性基因BAR。采用农杆菌介导转化法,将PAC1导入栽培大豆品种Williams82。在利用PAT/BAR试纸、PCR及除草剂（500 mg·L^-1 Basta）喷施检测基础上,通过Southern杂交技术进一步分析外源基因在转基因大豆中的整合情况和拷贝数。采用人工摩擦接种法,对T₂和T₃代转基因大豆株系进行田间抗SMV鉴定农艺性状调查,分析转基因大豆对SMV抗性及遗传稳定性。并利用qRT-PCR技术分析接种SMV 28 d后转基因大豆中SMV积累水平。【结果】共转化2 600多个外植体,获得耐草铵膦（5 mg·L^-1）大豆再生植株76株。PCR检测结果表明,其中65株能够扩增出目的条带,大豆遗传转化效率为2.48%。对T₁-T₃代转基因大豆株系喷施除草剂表明,在500 mg·L^-1 Basta处理7 d后,转基因植株表型没有明显变化,而对照（非转基因大豆）植株叶片则黄化枯死。Southern杂交结果表明,外源基因以低拷贝的方式(1-2个)整合至大豆基因组中。摩擦接种SMV SC-3鉴定表明,在接种35 d后,对照出现严重花叶、皱缩等典型SMV发病症状,而转基因大豆仅部分叶片表现出轻微的花叶症状,其病情指数降低至11.11-22.22,较对照（病情指数36.81-46.24）显著降低,且SMV抗性在转基因大豆不同代际间能够稳定遗传。qRT-PCR分析表明,在接种SMV SC-3株系28 d后,转基因大豆中SMV CP表达水平较对照极显著下降。农艺性状调查表明,在未接种SMV条件下,转基因大豆在叶形、花色、种皮色、种脐色、株高、节数、结荚高度、生育期及百粒重等方面与对照没有显著差异。【结论】PAC1过表达显著抑制了SMV的积累及症状发展,增强了转基因大豆对SMV的抗性水平。     

Comparison of Two Real-time PCR Technigues for Quantification of GMO Contents in Highly Processed Products of Soybean

The RR soybean was quantitatively detected by ABI Prism 7300 sequence detector with PCR primers and fluorescence probes were designed according to the sequences of endogenous Lectin gene and exogenous CP4-EPSPS gene, and the PCR systems were based on SYBR GreenΙand TaqMan. The standard curve of °Ct between CP4-EPSPS gene and Lectin gene of the RR soybean in standard materials was generated and a linear regression equation was obtained. Quantification methods were optimized through two different real-time PCR chemistries, i.e. SYBR GreenΙand TaqMan, and the RR soybean contents were quantified in five standard samples and seven highly processed products by the two assays. Both methods are proved to be specific, highly sensitive and reliable for both identification and quantification of soybean DNA. The results indicate that the two optimized PCR system can be used for the practical quantitative detection of RR soybean in highly processed products.     

转基因大豆、玉米和水稻外源基因检测通用标准分子的构建

将转基因大豆、玉米和水稻的主要外源Cry1A(B)基因、BAR基因、CP4-EPSPS基因、PAT 基因和内参RBCL基因目标片段分别克隆到克隆载体pMD18-T中,构建获得的质粒可作为定性检测3种转基因粮食作物的上述外源基因的通用标准分子质粒pMD18-T-PAT-CP4-EPSPS-Cry1A(B)-BAR-RBCL,长约4.7 kb.经过双酶切、测序及PCR扩增,获得与预期片断大小及序列一致的目的基因片段,证明所构建的标准分子质粒是正确的,可以用来作为不同品种转基因粮食作物定性检测CP4-EPSPS基因、Cry1A(B)基因、BAR基因和PAT基因的通用阳性标准分子.     

SYBR? Green qPCR Screening Methods for Detection of Anti-herbicide Genes in Genetically Modiifed Processed Products

The use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) as food products becomes more and more widespread. The European Union has implemented a set of very strict procedures for the approval to grow, import and/or utilize GMOs as food or food ingredients. Thus, analytical methods for detection of GMOs are necessary in order to verify compliance with labelling requirements. There are few effective screening methods for processed GM (genetically modified) products. Three anti-herbicide genes (CP4-EPSPS,BAR andPAT) are common exogenous genes used in commercialized transgenic soybean, maize and rice. In the present study, a new SYBR? Green qPCR screening method was developed to simultaneously detect the three exogenous anti-herbicide genes and one endogenous gene in a run. We tested seven samples of representative processed products (soya lecithin, soya protein powder, chocolate beverage, infant rice cereal, maize protein powder, maize starch, and maize jam) using the developed method, and amplicons of endogenous gene and transgenic fragments were obtained from all the processed products, and the sensitivity was 0.1%. These results indicated that SYBR? Green qPCR screening method was appropriate for qualitative detection of transgenic soybean, maize and rice in processed products.     

Overexpression of G10-EPSPS in soybean provides high glyphosate tolerance

Glyphosate is a highly efficient, broad-spectrum nonspecific herbicide that inhibits the 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase(EPSPS)-mediated pathway of shikimic acid. The screening of glyphosate-resistant EPSPS gene is a major means for the development of new genetically modified glyphosate-resistant transgenic crop. Currently, the main commercialized glyphosate-resistant soybean contains glyphosate-resistant gene CP4-EPSPS. In this study, a G10-EPSPS gene was reported providing glyphosate resistance in Zhongdou 32. Here, G10-EPSPS gene was introduced into soybeans through Agrobacterium-mediated soybean cotyledon node. PCR, Southern blotting, semi-quantitative RT-PCR, qRT-PCR, and Western blotting were used, and the results revealed that G10-EPSPS had been integrated into the soybean genome and could be expressed steadily at both mRNA and protein levels. In addition, glyphosate resistance analysis showed that the growth of transgenic soybean had not been affected by concentrations of 900 and 2 700 g a.e. ha~(–1) of glyphosate. All the results indicated that G10-EPSPS could provide high glyphosate resistance in soybeans and be applied in production of glyphosate-resistant soybean.     

耐草甘膦转EPSPS/GAT大豆多重PCR检测体系的建立及应用

【目的】建立一种精准、高效的草甘膦抗性基因G2-EPSPS和GAT的检测方法,为转基因大豆新品系ZH10-6的广泛应用提供技术支持。【方法】根据抗草甘膦大豆ZH10-6和受体中黄10的分子特征,设计大豆内源参考基因（Actin）、外源基因（G2-EPSPS和GAT）以及侧翼序列（G2EPSPS-2/ZH10P2和ZH10P1/GAT-2）的特异性引物,通过PCR扩增测试引物的特异性和适用性。调整引物配比、DNA模板量、dNTP含量、退火温度和延伸温度等,筛选该多重PCR体系的最适扩增条件。将转基因大豆ZH10-6和受体中黄10的基因组DNA按质量比混合,制备成100%、50%、10%、5%、1%、0.5%、0.1%和0的DNA样品,进行灵敏度检测。运用建立的多重PCR体系检测转基因大豆ZH10-6不同地理来源的11份衍生品系,并根据鉴定结果对该体系的应用性进行评价。【结果】建立的多重PCR方法中引物GmActin11 F/R、G2-EPSPS F/R、GAT F/R、ZH10P1/GAT和G2/ZH10P2可分别扩增出转基因大豆ZH10-6大小为126、430、338、810和1 626 bp的特异性目标条带。用该方法扩增受体中黄10时,除了GmActin11 F/R可以扩增出126 bp目标条带,侧翼序列上游引物ZH10P1和下游引物ZH10P2也可以扩增出632 bp目标条带。多重PCR最适扩增体系为DNA模板量100 ng、5 U·μL^-1 Ex Taq 0.2 μL、10×ExTaq Buffer 2.5 μL、2.5 mmol·L^-1 dNTP 2 μL、10 μmol·L^-1引物（GmActin11 F/R 0.4 μL、G2-EPSPS F/R 0.6 μL、GAT F/R 0.4 μL、ZH10P1/GAT 0.6 μL和G2/ZH10P2 0.6 μL）,ddH₂O补足25 μL。多重PCR扩增最适程序为95℃ 5 min;95℃ 30 s,60℃ 30 s,68℃ 1 min 20 s,35个循环;72℃ 12 min。该多重PCR体系灵敏度为0.5%,符合欧盟有关转基因产品标识的要求。该多重PCR方法特异性很强,可以成功检测受体中黄10、转基因大豆ZH10-6及ZH10-6不同地理来源的11个衍生品系。【结论】建立的转EPSPS/GAT大豆多重PCR检测体系具有高通量、特异性强、操作简便和应用广泛的优点,并且能够快速、准确地检测转基因大豆ZH10-6及其衍生品系。     

第一、二代转cp4-epsps基因大豆鉴定方法的建立

[目的]建立一种广谱性鉴定第一、二代转cp4-epsp基因大豆的检测方法,为准确鉴定第一、二代转cp4-epsps基因大豆及其产品提供技术支持.[方法]根据第一、二代转基因大豆的cp4-epsp基因保守序列设计一对能同时鉴定两代转基因大豆外源基因cp4-epsps的引物和探针,建立一种广谱性鉴定第一、二代转cp4-epsps基因大豆的方法,并从准确性、特异性、灵敏性及重复性4个方面对该方法进行评估.[结果]设计的引物/探针对鉴定第一、二代转cp4-epsps基因大豆及其产品具有广谱性;建立的检测方法能检测到反应体系中低至5×100拷贝的cp4-epsps基因,Ct为38.88,且能同时检测出两代转基因大豆.准确性和特异性评估结果显示仅两代转cp4-epsp基因的大豆能被检测到;40次重复试验结果显示,反应体系中5×100拷贝的cp4-epsps基因片段的检出率为100%.[结论]建立的第一、二代转cp4-epsps基因大豆鉴定方法具有特异强、灵敏度高、重复性好、准确性高等特点,可用于转cp4-epsp基因大豆及其产品的监测.     

豆粕中转基因成分检测方法的研究

从核酸和蛋白质两个角度对转基因豆粕及大豆原料进行了检测方法上的研究。设计并合成引物对转基因豆粕的内源基因lectin、CaMV35S启动子基因、NOS终止子和Cp4-epsps基因进行检测。应用ELISA的方法对不同含量的转基因蛋白及转基因豆粕进行检测,其检测的灵敏度可达到0.25%,但ELISA不适用于加工产品转基因成分的检测。Western杂交检测转基因豆粕及大豆,其检测极限达到0.5%。对于豆粕这样的加工产品,检测蛋白质及核酸两种方法结合使用,可使检测结果更为准确。     

Sexual compatibility of transgenic soybean and different wild soybean populations

The introduction of genetically modified (GM) soybean into farming systems raises great concern that transgenes from GM soybean may flow to endemic wild soybean via pollen. This may increase the weediness of transgenic soybean by increasing the fitness of hybrids under certain conditions and threaten the genetic diversity of wild soybean populations. Although pollen-mediated gene flow between GM crops and wild relatives is dependent on many factors, the sexual compatibility (SC) determined by their genetic backgrounds is the conclusive factor. The considerable genetic variation among wild soybean populations may cause compatibility differences between different wild and cultivated soybeans. Thus, an evaluation of the SC between transgenic soybean and different wild soybeans is essential for assessing the environmental consequences of cultivated soybean–wild soybean transgene flow. The podding and seed sets were assessed after artificial hybridization using transgenic glyphosate-resistant soybean as the paternal parent and 18 wild soybean populations as the maternal parents. Then, the average number of filled seeds produced in 200 flowers (AFS) was calculated for each wild soybean under natural self-pollination as well as under artificial crossing with transgenic soybean. Finally, the index of cross-SC was calculated (ICSC) as the ratio of the AFS of wild soybean artificially crossed with transgenic soybean and the AFS of naturally self-pollinated wild soybean. The results demonstrated that after self-pollination and crossing with transgenic soybean, the average podding rates of 18 wild soybean populations ranged within 96.50–99.50% and 4.92–18.03%, and the average filled seed numbers per pod varied from 1.70 to 2.69 and 0.20 to 0.48, respectively. The results showed that approximately 89% of wild soybeans displayed either medium or higher than medium SC with transgenic soybean (ICSC>1.0%). This implied the high possibility of gene flow via pollen from transgenic soybean to wild soybean.     

转TaDREB3a基因大豆材料抗旱性鉴定

研究通过分子生物学方法证明TaDREB3a基因已整合至大豆基因组中,对T1～T3连续3代大豆植株作筛选鉴定并分析遗传稳定性,初步评价室内和田间抗旱表现。通过除草剂筛选获得T1代135株抗性植株,经PCR检测其中96株扩增出基因目的条带,获得15个阳性TaDREB3a过表达大豆T1代株系;T2代转基因大豆株系经PEG模拟干旱处理和PCR鉴定获得阳性TaDREB3a过表达大豆T2代株系共10个;T3代转基因大豆株系经PCR鉴定、半定量PCR鉴定、Bar基因试纸条检测、Southern blot分析、Western blot分析,获得6个转基因阳性株系,证实TaDREB3a基因已整合于大豆基因组,可转录完整目的mRNA,其中4个株系检测到目的蛋白表达。盆栽干旱试验显示,TaDREB3a过表达可改善转基因大豆干旱条件下生长状况,转基因植株株高和荚数明显优于对照组植株;大田干旱试验结果显示,TaDREB3a过表达株系提高大豆抗旱性、改善干旱条件下地上形态,减少产量损失。