芬苯达唑干混悬剂对绵羊消化道线虫的驱除试验

应用芬苯达唑干混悬剂按5、10、15 mg/kg体重驱除绵羊消化道线虫,并设药物对照组和阳性对照组。粪检结果表明,芬苯达唑干混悬剂3个试验剂量组对绵羊消化道线虫虫卵转阴率分别为75.0%、85.0%和100.0%,减少率分别为95.4%、98.9%和100.0%。剖检结果表明,3个剂量组对绵羊消化道线虫的总驱虫率分别为95.4%、98.4%和99.7%。芬苯达唑干混悬剂10 mg/kg剂量与同一剂量的芬苯达唑原料药的有效率无明显差异。试验结果证明芬苯达唑干混悬剂的驱虫活性与芬苯达唑原料药、片剂等无明显差异,有良好的驱虫效果,使用方法简便,具有推广价值。     

奥芬达唑干混悬剂驱除绵羊裸头科绦虫的药效试验

为了观察奥芬达唑干混悬剂对绵羊裸头科绦虫的驱虫效果,试验采用粪检法和剖检法检测奥芬达唑干混悬剂驱除绵羊自然感染裸头科绦虫的情况,并以10 mg/kg奥芬达唑原料药作为药物对照。结果表明:用药7 d后,5,10,15 mg/kg奥芬达唑干混悬剂对绵羊裸头科3属绦虫的转阴率分别为83.3%、100%和100%;对莫尼茨绦虫的驱虫率分别为85.7%、100%和100%,对无卵黄腺绦虫、曲子宫绦虫的驱虫率均达到100%。说明奥芬达唑干混悬剂对绵羊裸头科3属绦虫均有驱虫效果,其中10 mg/kg的剂量高效安全。     

阿苯达唑干混悬剂驱除绵羊线虫的效力与安全性试验

应用阿苯达唑干混悬剂按10mg/kg、15mg/kg、20mg/kg剂量驱除绵羊线虫,并设药物对照组和空白对照组。粪检结果:阿苯达唑干混悬剂三个试验剂量组对羊消化道线虫虫卵转阴率分别为83.3%、93.3%和96.7%,减少率分别为95.2%、98.8%和99.9%;对原圆科线虫幼虫转阴率分别为63.3%、83.3%和93.3%,减少率分别为76.1%、87.5%和94.2%。剖检结果:三个剂量组对线虫的总计驱虫率分别为96.9%、98.3%和99.4%。阿苯达唑原料药15mg/kg剂量对羊消化道线虫虫卵转阴率、减少率分别为90%和98.5%,对原圆科线虫幼虫转阴率、减少率分别为83.3%和86.9%,总计驱虫率98.5%。绵羊能耐受80mg/kg剂量。试验证明:阿苯达唑干混悬剂的驱虫活性及安全性与阿苯达唑原料药、片剂等无明显差异,均有良好驱虫效果,临床驱除绵羊线虫使用剂量以15mg/kg为宜,干混悬剂使用方法简便,特别适用于高原牧区,具有推广价值。     

阿苯达唑干混悬剂防治绵羊蠕虫病的效果观察

将阿苯达唑干混悬剂按10、15、20mg／kg剂量防治绵羊蠕虫病,并设阳性对照组。结果表明,阿苯达唑干混悬剂药效试验3个试验剂量组对羊消化道线虫虫卵转阴率分别为80．0％、90．0％和100．0％,虫卵减少率分别为93．6％、97．39／6和100．0％;冬季按20mg／kg剂量驱除绵羊消化道线虫的虫卵转阴率、减少率分别为93．3％和98．1％;对原圆科线虫幼虫转阴率、减少率分别为90．0％和90．18％。8月中旬按20mg／kg剂量对羔羊裸头科绦虫的驱净率、驱虫率分别为87．5％和98．15％。试验表明,阿苯达唑干混悬剂具有良好驱虫效果,使用剂量以15mg／kg-20mg／kg为宜,干混悬剂使用方法简便,具有推广价值。     

奥芬达唑干混悬剂对青海牧区藏犬肠道寄生虫的驱虫试验

为评价奥芬达唑干混悬剂对青海牧区藏犬肠道寄生虫的驱虫效果,选择牧户家中饲养的35只藏犬,设奥芬达唑干混悬剂5、10、15mg/kg体重剂量组,进行驱虫效果评价。结果表明:3个试验剂量对藏犬弓首蛔虫、犬钩口线虫、细粒棘球绦虫、泡状带绦虫和多头带绦虫的转阴率和减少率均达100.0%。奥芬达唑干混悬剂3个试验剂量驱除牧区藏犬蛔虫、钩虫、绦虫高效安全,推荐剂量在5mg/kg以上。     

奥芬达唑干混悬剂驱除牦牛消化道线虫效力与安全性试验

应用奥芬达唑干混悬剂,经驱虫疗效与安全性试验得出按每千克体重5,10和15 mg剂量驱虫。结果:粪检牦牛消化道线虫虫卵转阴率分别为83.3%,91.7%和100.0%,减少率分别为89.1%,97.8%和100.0%;剖检对7种消化道线虫均有效,总驱虫率分别为91.8%,97.9%和99.5%。同剂量本品片剂与奥芬达唑干混悬剂的有效率无明显差异。牦牛投服70 mg/kg剂量未见异常反应。试验表明,奥芬达唑干混悬剂10mg/kg剂量驱除牦牛消化道线虫高效安全,使用方法简便,具有推广应用前景。     

伊维菌素干混悬剂对羊狂蝇蛆的驱杀效果试验

选择自然感染羊狂蝇蛆绵羊131只,分别按体重0.1,0.2和0.3mg/kg剂量口服伊维菌素干混悬剂,进行驱除效果观察,同时设空白对照组。结果表明,口服伊维菌素干混悬剂0.2,0.3mg/kg剂量组绵羊的羊狂蝇蛆驱净率和驱虫率均达100%。口服0.1mg/kg剂量组绵羊的羊狂蝇蛆驱净率93.9%、驱虫率98.6%。试验证明伊维菌素干混悬剂对羊狂蝇蛆驱虫效果明显,临床使用0.2mg/kg体重剂量高效安全。     

伊维菌素干混悬剂驱除绵羊寄生虫的扩大试验

应用伊维菌素干混悬剂,驱除绵羊体内线虫和体外寄生虫。结果:0.2mg/kg体重剂量对消化道主要线虫及网尾线虫的虫卵(幼虫)转阴率、减少率均为100%,原圆科线虫幼虫转阴率和减少率分别为91.3%、91.8%,对线虫的总计驱虫率98.9%:对绵羊颚虱的杀虫率为100%。结果证明:伊维菌素干混悬剂0.2mg/kg剂量一次用药,驱除绵羊主要线虫和虱等寄生虫,高效安全。     

芬苯达唑微晶体临床药效学试验

本试验以家兔为试验动物,观察芬苯达唑微晶体对动物肠道寄生虫的影响。50只人工感染猪蛔虫的家兔随机分成5组,每组10只,第Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组按体重5 mg/kg、10mg/kg不同剂量的芬苯达唑微晶体对家兔口服饲喂驱虫,同时第Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组按体重10mg/kg芬苯达唑及0.2 mg/kg伊维菌素口服给药作药效对照,并设空白组,分别于用药前3d和用药后5d取粪便进行虫卵计数。结果表明,各剂量组药物对肠道蛔虫虫卵减少率分别为99.6%,100%,98.8%,99.7%,虫卵转阴率分别为100%、100%、90%、90%,芬苯达唑微晶体组对兔肠道寄生虫驱除作用要优于其他用药各组,10 mg/kg体重最佳,表明芬苯达唑微晶体能提高芬苯达唑的驱虫效果,提高其生物利用度。     

Nitazoxanide(NTZ)干混悬剂驱除犬复孔绦虫作用研究

为了考察Nitazoxanide干混悬剂驱除犬复孔绦虫的效果，选择自然感染复孔绦虫的犬，按200mg/kg bw的剂量口服此干混悬剂进行驱虫效果研究。结果表明该制剂对犬复孔绦虫有良好的驱杀作用，效果确实、可靠。     

奥芬哒唑干混悬剂驱除猪蛔虫的效果观察

应用奥芬哒唑干混悬剂给猪口服驱虫，设5mg/kg b．w，l0mg/kg b．w，15mg／kg b．w3个剂量试验组和对照组。结果：5mg/kg剖量组的虫卵转阴率为60％，减少率为99．40％；l0mg/kg和15mg/kg剂量组虫卵转阴率和减少率均达100%。全部给药猪均未出现毒副反应。     

Use of L4 larvae of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis for the in vivo screening of anthelmintic drugs.

Five groups of Wistar rats were subcutaneously infected with 5,000 L3 stage larvae of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. Four groups were dosed orally with 5, 10, 15, and 20 mg/kg body weight of albendazole at 5 h postinfection, and one group served as an untreated control. The animals were euthanized and the intestines were dissected out 72 h postinfection and were incubated on a Baermann's apparatus to recover L4 stage larvae. No larvae were recovered from the 20 mg/kg albendazole-treated group, and means of 15, 33, and 175 L4 larvae were recovered from the 15, 10, and 5 mg/kg albendazole-treated groups, respectively. Levamisole and fenbendazole were also tested using the same procedure. Means of 100 and 1,887 L4 larvae were obtained from the 50 and 10 mg/kg of levamisole-treated groups respectively; while, 191 and 583 L4 larvae were recovered from rats treated with 50 and 10 mg/kg of fenbendazole, respectively. These results indicate that the L4 stage of N. brasiliensis could be useful for in vivo screening of new nematocide drugs.     

Strategic deworming for spring-calving beef cow/calf herds

Strategic application of an anthelmintic was tested during the 1982 grazing season as part of the continued study of the epidemiology of beef cattle parasitism in central Missouri. Forty Hereford and Hereford X Simmental cow/calf pairs were assigned to 2 treatment groups. The 20 cow/calf pairs in group 1 were nonmedicated controls. After calving in mid-March, the 20 cows in group 2 were drenched with a 10% suspension of the anthelmintic fenbendazole (10 mg/kg of body weight). Ten cow/calf pairs were placed on each of four 20-acre fescue or orchard grass pastures in mid-May. Cows and calves in treatment group 2 were drenched with the 10% fenbendazole suspension (5 mg/kg) in mid-July. Body weights and fecal specimens were obtained monthly. Nematode egg counts in cow and calf fecal specimens collected monthly were significantly (P less than 0.05) lower in treatment group 2 than in treatment group 1. Numbers of larvae cultured for speciation revealed that Ostertagia ostertagi was the predominant nematode species. Developmental arrest of O ostertagi was found to be significantly (P less than 0.05) greater than zero from mid-May to mid-July. An important significant difference (P less than 0.01) was shown in body weights of calves, with the calves in treatment group 2 having a higher mean weight gain of 22.5 kg in adjusted 205-day weaning weights, and a higher mean daily gain of 0.11 kg. Weight maintenance of cows was not affected significantly by anthelmintic treatment. Nematode egg counts in monthly cow and calf fecal specimens were not significantly different between those animals on different pastures.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Pharmacokinetics of fenbendazole in dogs

Fenbendazole was administered to dogs at a dose rate of 20 mg/kg body weight on a single occasion in gelatin capsules, on 5 consecutive days in feed, and on a single occasion as an alginate suspension. It was also administered at a dose rate of 100 mg/kg body weight on a single occasion in feed. Following single administration of 20 mg/kg fenbendazole mean maximum concentrations (Cmax) of the parent drug and its known active sulphoxide metabolite were 0.42 +/- 0.05 and 0.31 +/- 0.05 microgram/ml, respectively. Mean times until maximum concentrations were achieved (tmax) were 12.67 +/- 4.18 and 15.33 +/- 2.81 h, respectively, and areas under the plasma concentration-time curves (AUC) were 5.83 +/- 0.65 and 4.60 +/- 0.57 microgram.h/ml, respectively. Administration in feed increased the apparent bioavailability and administration for 5 consecutive days provided sustained plasma concentrations, generally greater than 0.2 microgram/ml. Administration as an alginate did not increase bioavailability or extend the persistence in plasma. It did increase the tmax to 16.80 +/- 2.93 and 20.00 +/- 2.53 h for fenbendazole and its sulphoxide metabolite, respectively. Increasing the dose from 20 mg/kg to 100 mg/kg did not substantially increase the Cmax or AUC.     

Oral absorption and bioavailability of fenbendazole in the dog and the effect of concurrent ingestion of food

Fenbendazole was administered orally without food to six beagle dogs at 2.5, 5.0, 10, 20, 40 and 80 mg/kg of body weight. Increasing the dose rate did not significantly increase the amount of fenbendazole absorbed. In a separate study fenbendazole was administered to the same six beagle dogs at a dose rate of 20 mg/kg of bodyweight in food with high, medium and low fat content. The food provided 1.52, 0.70 or 0.34 g of fat per kg of body weight. Administration of fenbendazole in food with different fat contents did not affect its relative bioavailability. Administration of fenbendazole at a dose rate of 20 mg/kg in food, irrespective of fat content, did however significantly increase its bioavailability when compared to administration of the same dose as a bolus on an empty stomach.     

Use of fenbendazole suspension (10%) against experimental infections of Toxocara canis and Ancylostoma caninum in beagle pups

Eleven nematode-free Beagle pups were inoculated with Ancylostoma caninum and Toxocara canis; infection became patent 13 and 35 days later, respectively. Eight pups were treated with fenbendazole oral suspension (10%) at a dosage of 50 mg/kg of body weight/day for 3 days. The remaining three animals were unmedicated controls. The drug was effective in reducing both ascarid and hookworm burdens, and there was marked improvement in the clinical condition of treated pups as compared with unmedicated control pups. Natural expulsion of worms in control animals was 53% for ascarids and 2% for hookworms. Drug-related toxicosis was not observed in any of the medicated animals. It was concluded that fenbendazole oral suspension (10%) at the 50-mg/kg dosage is easily administered and is an effective drug for reducing nematode burdens in experimentally infected pups.     

氟苯尼考双混悬型乳剂对人工感染猪胸膜肺炎的临床疗效试验

为了探讨氟苯尼考双混悬型乳剂的临床治疗效果,确定用药方案,本试验建立体重为15kg±1.5kg的杜×长×大三元杂交商品猪胸膜肺炎人工感染病理模型。以氟苯尼考注射液为对照组,采用氟苯尼考双混悬型乳剂高(40mg/kg)、中(20mg/kg)和低(10mg/kg)剂量组进行临床治疗与观察。结果表明,氟苯尼考双混悬型乳剂高、中试验组治愈率均为100%,显著高于低剂量组和药物对照组(P<0.05)。因此,临床治疗推荐采用中(20mg/kg)剂量组,3d1次,连用2次的给药方案。     

Further controlled evaluations of fenbendazole as a bovine anthelmintic.

The efficacy of fenbendazole (methyl-5-(phenythio)-2-benzimidazole-carbamate) in cattle parasitized by the lungworm Dictyocaulus viviparus and in other cattle parasitized by Haemonchus, Ostertagia, Trichostrongylus, Cooperia, and Oesophagostomum was investigated in 3 controlled critical experiments. A single treatment with 5.0 mg/kg of body weight administered in the feed or in a 10% suspension exceeded 99% efficacy against these helminths. Dosages of 1, 0.5, 0.35, and 0.25 mg/kg of body weight administered for 5 days to individual calves in their feed were 99% efficacious against all helminths, except Haemonchus. The 1.0 mg/kg dose removed 99.5% of the Haemonchus, and the other 3 dosages had efficacies of 91.0, 93.7, and 95.6%, respectively. The small daily dosages were not evaluated against Dictyocaulus.