羟基蛋氨酸螯合物对雪峰乌骨鸡种鸡生产性能、抗氧化、免疫与繁殖激素指标的影响

试验旨在探究饲粮中添加羟基蛋氨酸（MHA）螯合物对雪峰乌骨鸡种鸡生产性能、抗氧化性能、免疫与繁殖激素指标的影响。试验选用32周龄体重相近且健康的雪峰乌骨鸡324只,随机分为3组,每组6个重复,每个重复18只鸡。预试期2周,正式试验期8周。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别在基础饲粮中添加30 mg/kg MHA-Zn (MZ组,以锌元素计)、25 mg/kg MHA-Mn (MM组,以锰元素计)、30 mg/kg MHA-Zn+25 mg/kg MHA-Mn (MZM组)。结果显示,与对照组相比,试验组乌骨鸡的产蛋率和健雏率均显著升高（P<0.05）,MZM组乌骨鸡的孵化率显著高于对照组和MM组（P<0.05）,MZ组和MZM组乌骨鸡的死胚率显著低于对照组、MM组（P<0.05）。MZM组乌骨鸡血清中黄体酮、促卵泡激素、雌二醇和甲状旁腺激素含量显著高于其他组（P<0.05）。MZM组乌骨鸡血清中总超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶活性显著高于对照组和MZ组（P<0.05）。MZM组乌骨鸡血清中锰超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性显著高于对照组和MM组（P<0...     

牛磺酸对中后期蛋鸡生产性能的影响

选取378只体质健康的49周龄海赛克斯褐蛋鸡，采用单因子随机化设计，随机分为6组，每组设3个重复，每个重复21只鸡。试验日粮在基础日粮的基础上分别添加牛磺酸0、20、40、80、160、320mg／kg。以试验鸡谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-PX）和超氧化物酶的酶（SOD）活性以及甲状腺激素水平（T3、T4）作为血液生化检测指标，以产蛋率、总蛋重、平均蛋重、料蛋比作为生产性能指标，研究牛磺酸对中后期蛋鸡生产性能的影响。结果表明，中后期蛋鸡日粮中添加牛磺酸能显著提高产蛋率、总蛋重，降低平均蛋重、料蛋比（P〈0．05），提高蛋鸡全血中GSH-PX、血清中SOD的活性以及提高血清中T3含量，降低T4含量。80mg／kg为中后期蛋鸡日粮中添加牛磺酸的最宜剂量。     

生物素对肉仔鸡免疫器官的发育、机体免疫功能和神经内分泌激素的影响

将400只1日龄AA肉仔鸡随机分成4个处理，每个处理5个重复，每个重复20只鸡（公母各半）；基础日粮为小麦-酪蛋白型日粮，在基础日粮中分别添加0．30、0．90和2．7mg／kg3个水平的生物素，包括对照组共4种日粮处理。试验结果表明：（1）添加生物素可促进免疫器官的发育，提高其质量指数；提高了血清中新城疫抗体滴度和IgG水平，0．9mg／kg和2．7mg／kg处理组的新城疫抗体滴度显著高于对照组和0．3mg／kg处理组（P＜0．05），2．7mg／kg处理组的IgG水平显著高于对照组（P＜0．05）；（2）添加生物素显著提高了血液中B淋巴细胞的转化效率（P＜0．05）和脾脏中T淋巴细胞（P＜0．05）和B淋巴细胞的转化效率（P＜0．05）；显著降低了血液中表达CD3^＋的细胞含量（P＜0．05），其中2．7mg／kg处理组极显著低于对照组和0．3mg／kg处理组（P＜0．05）；显著降低了脾脏中表达CD3^＋、CD4^＋和CD8^＋的细胞含量（P＜0．05），其中2．7mg／kg处理组显著低于对照组和0．3mg／kg处理组（P＜0．05）；（3）添加生物素后，血清甲状腺素T4、三碘甲状原氨酸T3、生长激素和皮质醇水平呈上升趋势（P＞0．05）。     

VC对肉鸡腹水综合征发病率、右心肥大和肺微细动脉肌型化的作用

350只AA商品内鸡随机分为A、B、C、D和E组，常规饲养。14日龄后，A组鸡正常对照，B、C、D和E组鸡舍温按每日1～2C由25C逐步降至12C，同时D和E组在日粮中按1．5mg／kg的剂量添加甲状腺素T3以诱发内鸡腹水综合征（AS）；C和E组在日粮中以500mg／kg的剂量添加雏生素C（Vc）以观察其效果。结果表明，低温和T3能显著增加AS发病率、红细胞压积（PCV）值和肺厚壁末梢血管百分率（P〈0．01），显著抑制内鸡的增重（P〈0．05），低温显著增加采食量，而T3则显著抑制采食量（P〈0．01）；同时，分别在低温或低温加T3的条件下，添加Vc能显著抑制AS发病率和肺厚壁末梢血管百分率的上升（P〈0．01），但未能改变内鸡的PCV值、增重、采食量和饲料转换率（P〉0．05），从而提示Vc对低温和T3诱发的内鸡AS和肺微细血管肌型化有预防作用。     

半胱胺对雪峰乌骨鸡体蛋白沉积和脂肪合成的影响

试验旨在研究不同剂量半胱胺对雪峰乌骨鸡腹脂率和体蛋白沉积的影响。将540只1日龄雪峰乌骨鸡随机分为5个组,公母各半。分别在基础日粮中添加0（对照组）、45、65、85和105mg/kg半胱胺,试验期56d。试验结果表明：1）回归方程统计分析得出,全期对日增质量影响效果最佳的CS添加剂量为55.67mg/kg;料肉比最好的CS添加剂量为70mg/kg。2）添加CS有提高血液中GH、总蛋白、白蛋白、甘油三酯和低密度脂蛋白含量;有降低血清中尿素氮和总胆固醇含量的趋势。各处理间血清中总蛋白、白蛋白、尿素氮、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白和总胆固醇含量及谷丙转氨酶活性差异不显著。3）饲粮中添加CS对雪峰乌骨鸡屠宰率、半净膛率、全净膛率、腿肌率和腿肌系水力均无显著影响,但有改善趋势。65mg/kgCS组胸肌率比对照组增加6.78%（P〈0.05）,其他各组差异不显著;105mg/kgCS组胸肌系水力比对照组增加22.85%（P〈0.01）,其他各组差异不显著;65mg/kgCS胸肉粗蛋白比对照组增加1.79%（P〉0.05）。胸肉粗蛋白和pH各组间差异不显著。添加45、65、85和105mg/kgCS组腹脂率与对照组相比,分别降低2.92%（P〈0.05）、25.55%（P〈0.01）、5.11%（P〈0.05）和21.17%（P〈0.01）。日粮中连续添加半胱胺效果显著,能显著提高雪峰乌骨鸡GH水平,提高生长性能,改善料重比。添加半胱胺显著减少腹脂,增加蛋白合成,改善产肉性能和屠体性状。     

日粮硫酸铜对育成蛋鸡血清铜、肝铜含量及相关肝酶的影响

216只9周龄的海兰褐蛋鸡,随机分成6组（每组3个重复）,10周龄时开始正式试验,试验期6周,分别饲喂添加硫酸铜（以铜量计）0mg／kg（Ⅰ组）、6．5mg／kg（Ⅱ组,对照组）、30mg／kg（Ⅲ组）、60mg／kg（Ⅳ组）、125mg／kg（Ⅴ组）、250mg／kg（Ⅵ组）的日粮。分别在鸡第12周龄、14周龄、16周龄时采集样品进行血清铜、组织铜含量测定和相关肝酶指标测定。结果表明：（1）组织和血清中的铜含量随饲粮中铜添加量增加而升高,并呈现出极强的剂量一时间效应和规律性;（2）添加铜125mg／kg和250mg／kg组的AST、ALT和AKP活力极显著高于其他组（P〈0．01）,且随日龄增长极显著升高（P〈0．01）。从硫酸铜对肝脏有关酶的影响可以看出,添加30mg／kg。时,AST、ALT和AKP活力最低,对肝损伤最小,机体状态最佳。     

牛至油对肉仔鸡生长性能和细胞免疫功能的影响

将150只1日龄健康艾维茵肉仔鸡随机分为5组,每组设3个重复（每个重复10羽）。第1组为对照组,饲喂玉米——豆粕型基础日粮,2-5组为试验组,一在其基础日粮中分别添加75,100,125,150mg／kg的10％牛至油预混剂;饲养6周。结果表明,与对照组相,在试验前期（0-3周龄）,125mg／kg牛至油组肉仔鸡的日增重提高了11．20％（P〈0．01）,料肉比降低了13．55％（P〈0．01）;在试验后期（4-6周龄）,100mg／kg牛至油组的日增重提高了8．20％（P〈0．01）,料肉比降低了11．93％（P〈0．01）。42日龄,100mg／kg牛至油组的T淋巴细胞酸性α-醋酸萘涵旨酶的活性和T淋巴细胞转化率分别比对照组提高了16．56％、13.90％（P〈0．05）。生长前期（0～3周龄）以125mg／kg的添加量为宜,生长后期（4-6周龄）的适宜添加量为100mg／kg。     

日粮中添加L—NAME对肉鸡腹水综合征发生的影响及其机理

应用低温环境和日粮中添加三碘甲腺原氨酸（3，3，5－triiodothyronine,T3)诱发肉鸡腹水综合征，同时通过日粮添加一氧化氮合酶抑制剂L－NAME，研究了抑制NO的合成对肉鸡肺动脉压及肉鸡腹水综合征发生的影响。180羽AA肉鸡随机等分为对照组（C）、试验组（A、B），参试鸡14日前按常规条件饲养。14日龄后C组鸡按常规条件饲养，A、B组鸡舍温按每日1－2℃逐步降至12℃，同时日粮中添加T3 1．5mg/kg以诱发腹水综合征。另外，B组肉鸡从14日龄起在日粮中添加100mg/kgL－NAME至试验结束。分别于3、4、5、6周龄测定各组肉鸡肺动脉平均压（mean pulmonary arterial pressure,mPAP)、红细胞压积、右心全心比、血浆一氧化氮（NO）和内皮素（endothelin-1,ET-1)水平并记录腹水综合征发病率。结果显示：低温添加T3处理后，A、B组肉鸡腹水综合征发病率增加，但B组高于A组；A、B组肉鸡mPAP从5周龄起高于C组（P＜0．05）；A、B组右心全心比的升高分别在6、5周龄时出现，B组右心全心比的升高比A组提前1周；B组 肉鸡血浆NO水平低于A组，差异不显著；A、B组肉鸡血浆ET－1水平高于C组（P＜0．05）；在6周龄时，A组肉鸡心率明显降低，B组肉鸡心率明显升高。随着肺动脉高压和右心肥大的出现，心率的升高可能促进了右心衰竭和肉鸡腹水综合征的发生。上述结果提示，抑制NO的合成可能促进了肉鸡肺动脉高压，右心肥大的形成和肉鸡腹水综合征的发生。     

20～50kg生长猪甘露寡糖适宜添加水平的研究

为了研究20-50kg生长猪甘露寡糖的适宜添加水平，本研究采用单因子对比试验，选用60日龄“杜长大”三元杂交猪，体重在20kg左右，每组10头，试验设对照组、试验1组、试验2组和试验3组，分别在基础日粮中添加：甘露寡糖（MOS）0mg/kg、160mg／kg、480mg／kg和800mg／kg。结果表明：①在饲粮中添加甘露寡糖，生长猪前期、后期及全程的日增重均比对照组高，并有所提高。在前期，试验2组（MOS480mg／kg）提高最大，提高趋势明显，与对照组（MOS0mg/kg）相比差异极显著（P〈0．01），与试验3组（MOS 800mg／kg）、试验1组（MOS160mg/kg）相比差异显著（P〈0．05）。而在后期，仅试验2组与对照组达到显著水平（P〈0．051；试验各组间差异不显著（P〉0．05），对日增重的提高强度有所下降。全程日增重分析，试验2组与对照组差异极显著（P〈O．01），与试验1组显著（P〈0．05）及与试验3组显著（P〈0．05）；但试验1组、试验3组、对照组间差异不显著（P〉0．05）。②试验各组料肉比均比对照组低，有降低趋势；从前期、后期及全程看，试验2组降低明显。③生物学综合评定值，无论前期、后期及全程，由高到低依次为：试验2组〉试验3组〉试验1组〉对照组。④在饲粮中添加MOS可提高生长猪的抗病力，降低腹泻率；在20-30kg前期较30～50kg后期明显，并以试验2组较好，试验3组有轻微诱发腹泻。     

姜黄提取物对文昌鸡生长性能、血液生化指标和免疫器官指数的影响

试验研究了在日粮中添加100~300 mg/kg姜黄提取物对文昌鸡生长性能、血液指标和免疫器官指数的影响。300只1日龄雏鸡集中育雏2周后,随机分为4个处理组,每个处理5个重复,每个重复15只。T0组饲喂基础日粮,T100、T200和T300组分别在基础日粮中添加100、200 mg/kg和300 mg/kg姜黄提取物,饲养至12周龄。结果表明,日粮中添加100~200 mg/kg姜黄提取物能提高9~12周龄文昌鸡生长性能。日粮添加姜黄提取物对文昌鸡血液指标无显著影响(P0.05),但可提高9~12周龄文昌鸡胸腺和法氏囊指数。上述结果提示,在日粮添加100~300 mg/kg姜黄提取物可促进和提高文昌鸡后期生长性能和免疫器官指数。     

Dietary thyroid hormone improves growth and muscle protein accumulation of black-boned chickens

1. The objective of the study was to examine the effect of dietary thyroid hormone on performance and muscle protein accumulation of black-boned chickens. 2. A total of 720 1-d-old birds was housed in 24 pens and assigned to 4 diets containing triiodothyronine (T3) at 0, 0.1, 0.3 or 0.5 mg/kg. 3. The trial was split into starter (0 to 4 weeks) and grower (5 to 8 weeks) phases. At the beginning of the grower phase, each pen was split into two; one subgroup was fed basal diet (T3-) and the other continued with T3-added diet (T3+). 4. Dietary T3 at 0.1 mg/kg improved average daily body weight gain until week 6 but retarded it thereafter. However, T3 at 0.5 mg/kg depressed growth throughout the whole period. During weeks 7 to 8, T3 retarded growth, whereas growth recovered when T3 was withdrawn from the diet. 5. Birds fed the diet containing 0.1 mg/kg during weeks 0 to 4 and those receiving basal diet during weeks 5 to 8 showed the greatest thigh muscle growth, but this growth was depressed when they were fed the 0.5 mg/kg diet during weeks 0 to 8. 6. Serum T3 concentration was increased, while thyroxine (T4) concentration was decreased by dietary T3 treatment at 2 weeks old. At 4 weeks old, T3 and T4 concentrations decreased. At 6 and 8 weeks old, among T3-treated groups the serum T3 concentration of the T3- group was higher than that of the T3+ group. 7. In conclusion, dietary T3 improved weight gain and muscle growth of black-boned chickens before week 6, whereas supplementation depressed growth after 6 weeks. Optimum dietary T3 concentrations showed a carry-over effect on both body weight gain and thigh muscle growth.     

Zinc supplementation decreases total thyroid hormone concentration in small ruminants

The effect of dietary zinc (Zn) supplementation on plasma Zn and serum thyroid hormones was evaluated in healthy male Merino lambs and Angora goats. A total of 12 lambs and 12 goats were divided into two equal groups as control and Zn groups in separate experiments. The lambs and goats of the control groups were fed basal rations alone. The Zn contents of these rations prepared for lambs and goats were 40 mg/kg and 35 mg/kg in dry matter (DM), respectively. Both species of animals in the Zn groups were fed a basal ration supplemented with zinc sulphate adjusted to 250 mg Zn/kg diet in DM. The feeding trial lasted for 12 weeks in lambs and 8 weeks in goats. Blood samples were taken from the jugular vein at 4-week intervals. Both animal species in the Zn groups had higher plasma Zn values than the controls throughout the experimental period, except in the 4th week in goats. However, the levels of serum total thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) were lower in the lambs and goats of the Zn groups, except in the 4th week, as compared to those in the controls. Moreover, serum total thyroid hormone levels of the goats were higher at the 4th week than at the 8th week. Although there was a decrease in the levels of free thyroxine and triiodothyronine of both small ruminant species in the Zn groups when compared to the controls, these alterations were not statistically significant. These results may show that zinc supplementation to the diet at this dose reduces total thyroid hormone levels in small ruminants but does not yet impair the euthyroid status of the organism.     

Sodium butyrate maintains growth performance by regulating the immune response in broiler chickens

1. The experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary sodium butyrate on the growth performance and immune response of broiler chickens. In experiment 1, 240 1-d-old chickens were allocated into 4 dietary groups (0, 0·25, 0·50 or 1·00 g sodium butyrate/kg) with 6 replicates each. In experiment 2, 120 1-d-old chickens were fed a control diet (without sodium butyrate) or 1·00 g sodium butyrate/kg diet. Half of the chickens fed on each diet were injected intra-peritoneally with 0·5 g/kg body weight of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at 16, 18 and 20 d of age. 2. There was no effect of dietary sodium butyrate on growth performance. On d 21, serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were decreased in chickens given 1·00 g sodium butyrate/kg, serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activities were significantly increased, and malondialdehyde (MDA) was decreased by dietary sodium butyrate at 0·50 or 1·00 g/kg. On d 42, serum IL-6 was markedly decreased by dietary sodium butyrate, while 1·00 g sodium butyrate/kg greatly reduced MDA and increased catalase. 3. LPS challenge significantly reduced the growth performance of chickens. Serum IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, corticosterone, alpha-1 acid glycoprotein (AGP) and prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) were increased in LPS-challenged chickens. Dietary sodium butyrate supplementation maintained the body weight gain and feed intake. Sodium butyrate supplementation inhibited the increase in IL-6 and AGP in serum at 16 d of age and TNF-α, corticosterone, AGP and PGE(2) at 20 d of age. Similar inhibitory effects of sodium butyrate in serum glucose and total protein concentrations were also found at 20 d of age. 4. The results indicated that dietary sodium butyrate supplementation can improve the growth performance in chickens under stress and that this may be used to moderate the immune response and reduce tissue damage.     

Effects of nickel supply on the fattening performance and several biochemical parameters of broiler chickens and rabbits

Broiler chicken and rabbit experiments were carried out to study the effects of nickel (Ni) supplementation on growth performance and Ni metabolism. ROSS cockerels and New Zealand White female rabbits were fed a diet containing Ni in concentrations of 0, 50 and 500 mg/kg in dry matter (DM). Dietary supplementation of 50 mg Ni/kg slightly improved the body weight gain (BWG) and had a beneficial effect on the feed conversion efficiency (FCE) in broiler chickens. However, Ni added at a level of 500 mg/kg significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the BWG by 10% and resulted in significantly (P < 0.05) worse (2.3 +/- 0.2 kg/kg) FCE. The relative weight of the liver in cockerels was significantly (P < 0.05) decreased by Ni as compared to the control group (1.7 and 2.1% vs. 2.6%). The activity of AST and CHE enzymes was increased insignificantly by dietary supplementation of 500 mg Ni/kg, indicating damage of the liver parenchyma. The results of serum biochemistry were confirmed by a mild or moderate form of pathological focal fatty infiltration of the liver in broilers. Supplemental Ni of 50 mg/kg concentration resulted in non-significantly increased BWG in rabbits. Ni added to the diet at a level of 500 mg/kg reduced the digestibility of crude protein by 3-4% and that of crude fibre by 20-25% in rabbits. Approx. 98% of the ingested Ni was lost from the body via the faeces, 0.5-1.5% via the urine and approx. 1% was incorporated into the organs of rabbits. As a result of dietary supplementation of 50 and 500 mg Ni/kg, Ni accumulated in the kidneys (4.9 +/- 0.5 and 17.1 +/- 3.1 vs. 1.9 +/- 0.3 mg/kg DM), ribs (10.3 +/- 0.4 and 10.4 +/- 0.6 vs. 9.1 +/- 0.6 mg/kg DM), heart (1.4 +/- 0.2 and 2.5 +/- 0.4 vs. 1.0 +/- 0.1 mg/kg DM) and liver (1.3 +/- 0.1 and 2.2 +/- 0.2 vs. 0.9 +/- 0.05 mg/kg DM), as compared to the control animals. It can be stated that supplementation of the diet with 50 mg Ni/kg had slight but non-significant beneficial effects on the growth performance of broiler chickens and rabbits.     

几种食材原料对肉鸡生长性能、胴体性状和体液免疫的影响

文章旨在探讨日粮单独或联合添加几种常用的生活食材对肉鸡生长性能、胴体性状和体液免疫的影响。试验将672只1日龄、平均体重为(40.04±0.01)g科宝肉鸡随机分为7组,每组4个重复,每个重复24只。对照组饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础日粮,T1~T6组分别饲喂基础日粮添加4g/kg黑胡椒、4g/kg姜黄、10g/kg香菜籽及4g/kg黑胡椒+4g/kg姜黄、4g/kg黑胡椒+10g/kg香菜籽、4g/kg黑胡椒+4g/kg姜黄+10g/kg香菜籽。结果:T5和T6组肉鸡在7和35d体重均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),在22~28d及1~35d时,处理组肉鸡料重比均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。T6组肝脏和腺胃相对重量较对照组分别显著提高7.22%和40.63%(P<0.05)。T6组血清总蛋白和球蛋白含量均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),但葡萄糖、甘油三酯浓度及谷丙转氨酶和碱性磷酸酶活性均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。T6组肉鸡21和35d时抗新城疫抗体滴度水平较对照组分别显著提高25.46%和49.56%(P<0.05)。结论:在本研究条件下,日粮添加黑胡椒、香菜籽和姜黄混合物可以改善肉鸡饲料效率,提高肝脏和腺胃相对重量,促进肉鸡体液免疫反应。     

Effects of chromium nicotinate on performance, carcase characteristics and blood chemistry of growing turkeys

1. The objective of this trial was to study the effects of chromium nicotinate (Cr) supplementation on the performance, carcase characteristics and blood constituents of 9 to 22 week-old male turkeys. 2. Fifty-four 8-week-old male turkeys weighing 2.9 +/- 0.28 kg were allocated at random into 9 groups with 3 dietary treatments and 3 replicates. The dietary treatment was different dietary concentrations of chromium in the basal diet, to provide 0 (control), 1 or 3 mg/kg. The feeding trial lasted for 14 weeks. 3. Results showed that 1 mg/kg chromium supplementation significantly improved weight gain and food intake at 9 to 18 weeks of age but did not significantly influence performance at 19 to 22 week of age. The breast and thigh muscle were significantly increased in birds receiving 1 mg/kg chromium supplementation but were decreased by 3 mg/kg of supplementation. 4. Dietary chromium supplementation did not significantly influence other serum constituents, including insulin, HDL, VLDL+LDL, HDL-C, VLDL-C+LDL-C, total protein, albumin, and gamma-globulin at 18 and 22 weeks of age. 5. The serum triacylglycerol (TG) and uric acid contents were significantly increased, while glycerol and alpha-globulin were significantly reduced by 3 mg/kg chromium supplementation. However, 1 mg/kg chromium supplementation significantly reduced serum cholesterol and glycerol at 18-weeks old. At 22 weeks of age, 1 mg/kg chromium supplementation significantly increased serum glucose and decreased the uric acid concentration whereas 3 mg/kg chromium supplementation significantly increased the creatinine concentration and decreased beta-globulin concentration.     

Long-term effects of early life L-arginine supplementation on growth performance, lymphoid organs and immune responses in Leghorn-type chickens

The effects of a short-term dietary arginine supplementation after hatching on subsequent growth and the immune system were assessed in growing male Leghorn-type chickens. An arginine-deficient basal diet (67 g/kg) supplemented with 0 (control), 2.7 (LA) or 5.4 (HA) g L-arginine/kg, was offered ad libitum to 1-d-old male ISA Brown chicks for 4 weeks, then all birds were offered ad libitum a commercial pullet grower feed (8.9 g arginine/kg) for another 8 weeks. Supplemented birds had higher growth rates and feed intake than control birds during the 4-week supplementation period, but these effects did not persist into the subsequent periods. When the supplementation ceased at week 4, no differences in lymphoid organ weights relative to body weight (BW), primary serum antibody levels against sheep red blood cells (SRBC) or cutaneous reactivity of toe webs to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) were detected. LA-fed birds had lower immunoglobulin (Ig) G levels against bovine serum albumin (BSA) than the control at week 4, but this effect did not persist at weeks 8 and 12. No difference in anti-BSA IgM levels was detected among birds at week 4; at week 12, however, the LA-fed birds had a significantly higher anti-BSA IgM level than the control. An increased anti-SRBC antibody level and a reduced relative bursa weight in HA-fed birds were evident at week 8, without any prior effects. It is concluded that short-term supplementary L-arginine had minimal effects on immunity, but some enhancement of SRBC antibody responses in later stages of growth was observed with previous L-arginine administration.     

洋葱提取物对肉鸡生长性能、血清生化指标及肉品质的影响

文章旨在探讨日粮添加洋葱提取物对肉鸡生长性能、血清生化及肉品质的影响。试验选择平均体重接近的1日龄肉仔鸡512只,随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每个重复32只。对照组饲喂基础日粮,T1组肉鸡饲喂基础日粮+60?mg/kg抗菌肽,T2组和T3组肉鸡分别饲喂基础日粮+200、400?mg/kg洋葱提取物,试验共进行35?d。结果：T1～T3组肉鸡35?d体重较对照组分别显著提高2.08%、1.00%和0.84%（P＜0.05）,而T1和T2组肉鸡1～35?d料重比较对照组分别显著降低1.55%和1.55%（P＜0.05）。与对照组相比,处理组血清甘油三酯浓度分别显著降低19.18%、20.10%和18.60%（P＜0.05）,同时T2和T3组肉鸡血清胆固醇含量较对照组分别显著降低24.84%和23.16%（P＜0.05）。T2和T3组肉鸡腹脂相对重量较对照组分别显著降低12.50%和10.53%（P＜0.05）,而对照组肌肉蒸煮损失较处理组分别显著提高9.75%、10.96%和10.12%（P＜0.05）。结论：日粮添加洋葱提取物对肉鸡生长性能的影响与抗菌肽的效果相似,同时洋葱提取物可改善肉鸡脂肪代谢,降低腹脂水平和肌肉蒸煮损失。在本研究条件下,日粮中适宜的洋葱提取物添加水平为200?mg/kg。 [关键词]洋葱提取物|肉鸡|生长性能|肉品质|血清生化     

The vitamin E distribution in serum, liver, adipose and muscle tissues in the pig during depletion and repletion

This study was designed to examine the storage capacity for vitamin E in liver, adipose tissue and skeletal muscle of growing pigs during a period of supplementation and of depletion. Therefore, biopsy specimens of these tissues and samples of serum were frequently taken from 7 pigs throughout the experimental period. After a 7-week period on a diet highly supplemented with vitamin E (405 mg/kg), a significant increase (p less than 0.001) in the concentration of this vitamin was observed in all tissues sampled. The highest level (102.9 +/- 26.2 mg/kg) was observed in the liver. After 2 days of depletion the concentration of vitamin E in the liver had fallen by 80%, whereas the concentration in the fat and muscle remained unchanged during 1 week of depletion. The serum vitamin E value rose significantly (p less than 0.001) after 1 week on the supplemented diet and then remained at about 7 mg/l throughout the supplementation period and decreased (p less than 0.001) after 2 days on a nonsupplemented diet. Generally, the serum vitamin E levels among growing pigs are between 2 and 3 mg/l. The results show that the serum and liver values were correlated when the serum level was within this range. Moreover, it is clearly demonstrated that the concentrations of vitamin E in serum and liver reflect the immediate nutritional status of the animal, whereas the vitamin concentrations in adipose and skeletal muscle tissue reflect its long-term nutritional history.     

木薯型日粮添加复合酶对肉鸡生长性能、组织器官重量及养分消化的影响

文章旨在评估日粮用木薯粉替代玉米同时补充外源复合酶对肉鸡生长性能、组织器官重量及养分表观消化率的影响。试验选择平均初始体重（44.15±0.76）g的肉鸡576只,随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每个重复36只。试验日粮采用2×2因子设计,即2种原料（玉米和木薯）和酶添加量（0和100?mg/kg复合酶）,其中T1组和T2组分别饲喂玉米、木薯型日粮,T3和T4组分别在T1和T2基础日粮中添加100?mg/kg复合酶,试验为期3周。结果：玉米型日粮组肉鸡末重较木薯型日粮组显著提高6.65%（P＜0.05）,但料重比显著降低2.10%（P＜0.05）。无论日粮类型如何,添加复合酶较未添加组肉鸡料重比显著降低2.10%（P＜0.05）。日粮类型及复合酶对肉鸡平均日增重和料重比的影响具有显著交互作用（P＜0.05）。与T2组相比,T3组肉鸡脾脏相对重量显著提高50%（P＜0.05）。无论日粮是玉米型还是木薯型,补充100?mg/kg复合酶较未补充组淀粉表观消化系数显著提高5.59%（P＜0.05）。结论：在本研究条件下,日粮中添加50%木薯粉完全替代玉米同时补充100?mg/kg复合酶可以改善肉鸡饲料效率,提高淀粉表观消化率。 [关键词]木薯|复合酶|肉鸡|生长性能|养分消化