甜瓜抗白粉病基因的SSR标记

以甜瓜抗白粉病品种'PMR5'、感病品种'黄河蜜3号'及其杂交的F2代群体为材料,采用SSR标记和分离群体分组分析法(BSA)对抗病基因进行DNA分子标记.结果表明:引物CSAT425在抗、感亲本间和F2代抗、感基因池间能扩增出1条大小约为98 bp的多态性片段.经F2代180个单株验证后,该多态性条带与'PMR5'抗...     

小麦品种Bogatka抗白粉病基因的分子标记定位

为明确小麦品种Bogatka抗白粉病性状的遗传基础,利用感病亲本薛早和Bogatka以及其杂交所得"薛早/Bogatka"F1与薛早回交得到的BC1群体,进行遗传分析和分子标记定位。结果表明,Bogatka中含有1个显性抗白粉病基因,暂命名为MlBogatka。进一步利用BSA法对BC1分离群体进行分子标记检测,得到与MlBogatka基因连锁的分子标记STSBCD135、Xgwm501和Xwmc332,并构建遗传连锁图。根据这些分子标记的染色体定位信息,该基因位于小麦2B染色体长臂。综合对该基因的标记定位和Pm6基因特异分子标记检测结果,推测该基因可能是Pm6或与Pm6位点紧密连锁的抗白粉病基因。本研究结果为Bogatka在小麦抗白粉病育种中的利用提供了依据。     

邯农6号抗小麦白粉病基因定位

邯农6号是一个综合农艺性状较好且兼抗白粉和条锈病的小麦新品系。对其抗白粉病基因进行单体分析，结果表明：其抗白粉病基因位于5D染色体上。     

贵农21白粉病抗性基因的RAPD分子标记

应用RAPD技术对贵农21的白粉病抗性基因进行了分子标记，结果找到了贵农21中的两个白粉病抗性基因的分子标记，其中有一个抗病性基因相同于P38中的Pm21，来自于簇毛麦，其分子标记就是P38的RAPD标记OPH171265和OPH171400，并已转化为SCAR标记；另外一个抗病性基因的RAPD的分子标记为OPO151200，其白粉病抗性基因来自于硬粒小麦。     

Identification of the resistance gene to powdery mildew in Chinese wheat landrace Baiyouyantiao

Powdery mildew, caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt), is one of the most damaging diseases to wheat in the world. The cultivation of resistant varieties of wheat is essential for controlling the powdery mildew epidemic. Wheat landraces are important resources of resistance to many diseases. Mapping powdery mildew resistance genes from wheat landraces will promote the development of new varieties with disease resistance. The Chinese wheat landrace Baiyouyantiao possesses characteristic of disease resistance to powdery mildew. To identify the resistance gene in this landrace, Baiyouyantiao was crossed with the susceptible cultivar Jingshuang 16 and seedlings of parents and F₁, BC₁, F₂, and F_2:3 were tested with Bgt isolate E09. The genetic results showed that the resistance of Baiyouyantiao to E09 was controlled by a single recessive gene, tentatively designated PmBYYT. An Illumina wheat 90K single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array was applied to screen polymorphisms between F₂-resistant and F₂-susceptible DNA bulks for identifying the chromosomal location of PmBYYT. A high percentage of polymorphic SNPs between the resistant and susceptible DNA bulks was found on chromosome 7B, indicating that PmBYYT may be located on this chromosome. A genetic linkage map of PmBYYT consisting of two simple sequence repeat markers and eight SNP markers was developed. The two flanking markers were SNP markers W7BL-8 and W7BL-15, with genetic distances of 3 and 2.9 cM, respectively. The results of this study demonstrated the rapid characterization of a wheat disease resistance gene and SNP marker development using the 90K SNP assay. The flanking markers of gene PmBYYT will benefit marker-assisted selection (MAS) and map-based cloning in breeding wheat cultivars with powdery mildew resistance.     

贵农001中抗白粉病基因的RAPD标记研究

运用RAPD技术,采用分离群体分组分析法（BSA）对小麦种质贵农001中的抗白粉病基因进行了分子标记研究。结果表明,引物S2018可在抗病亲本贵农001和抗病单株中扩增出特异的DNA片段,而在感病材料和感病亲本龙96—6239中不能扩增出同样的DNA片段,该特异DNA片段分子长度约为900bp。用F2分离群体（110株植株）进行遗传连锁性分析,引物S2018扩增的特异DNA片段与贵农001抗白粉病基因相连锁,其遗传距离为1．7cM。该标记的获得为将贵农001中抗白粉病基因向其它小麦育种材料的转移提供了有效的选择手段。     

小麦抗白粉病基因Pm21连锁标记的比较与应用

【目的】探讨与Pm21基因共分离的共显性标记CINAU15902和CINAU161650在育种实践中应用的可行性。【方法】利用8个已知Pm21基因型的小麦品种（系）,将共显性标记CINAU15902和CINAU161650与显性标记SCAR1400在不同遗传背景下的稳定性以及检测效率进行比较。【结果】共显性标记CINAU161650稳定可靠,可有效区分Pm21的纯合和杂合基因型。在利用CINAU161650辅助选择的3个株系中,BC-1-特2株系共116个单株,筛选出纯合抗病单株37个;BC-1-特6株系共206个单株,筛选出纯合抗病单株49个;BC-1-特10株系共28个单株,筛选出纯合抗病单株10个。【结论】在抗白粉病育种中,利用共显性标记CINAU161650对Pm21基因进行辅助选择是高效可行的。     

Fine mapping of powdery mildew resistance gene PmTm4 in wheat using comparative genomics

Powdery mildew,caused by Blumeria graminis f.sp.tritici,is one of the most severe wheat diseases.Mining powdery mildew resistance genes in wheat cultivars and their appliance in breeding program is a promising way to control this disease.Genetic analysis revealed that a single dominant resistance gene named PmTm4 originated from Chinese wheat line Tangmai 4 confers resistance to prevailing isolates of B.graminis f.sp.tritici isolate E09.Detailed comparative genomics analyses helped to develop closely linked markers to PmTm4 and a fine genetic map was constructed using large F_2 population,in which PmTm4 was located into a 0.66-c M genetic interval.The orthologous subgenome region of PmTm4in Aegilops tauschii was identified,and two resistance gene analogs(RGA)were characterized from the corresponding sequence scaffolds of Ae.tauschii draft assembly.The closely linked markers and identified Ae.tauschii orthologs in the mapping interval provide an entry point for chromosome landing and map-based cloning of PmTm4.     

rDNA-ITS sequence analysis of pathogens of cucumber downy mildew and cucumber powdery mildew

To determine the pathogens of cucumber downy mildew and cucumber powdery mildew by molecular marker, we amplified and sequenced the rDNA-ITS region of the pathogens of cucumber downy mildew and cucumber powdery mildew collected from the Shanghai region. The intra-/interspecific sequence difference was analyzed by rDNA-ITS sequence. The results show that the length of rDNA-ITS1 and rDNA-ITS2 of cucumber downy mildew’s pathogen was 141 bp and 406 bp, respectively, with GC contents of 41.13% in ITS1 and 46.8% (Minhang and Jinshan District, sm1 and sm2) or 46.55% (Pudong District, sm3) in ITS2. The rDNA-ITS sequence was intraspecific conservation. The interspecific difference was related with their kin relationship. The pathogen of cucumber downy mildew was identified as Pseudoperonospora cubensis by molecular marker. The length of rDNA-ITS1 and rDNA-ITS2 of cucumber powdery mildew’s pathogen was 136 bp and 89 bp, respectively, with GC contents being 59.56% and 66.29%, and rDNA-ITS sequence being highly conservative in this study that was the same as Sphaerotheca cucurbitae. But the sequence difference between the strains in the Shanghai region in this study with S. fuliginea was 4.5%, which was identified by morphology. It is suggested that the pathogen of cucumber powdery mildew should be further clarified and determined. __________ Translated from Journal of Northwest A & F University (Nat. Sci. Ed.), 2007, 35(10): 155–158 [译自: 西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版)]     

四川大麦种质资源抗白粉病性鉴定

１９９７￣１９９９年对四川１８０份大麦种质资源材料（品种）进行了白粉病的田间抗性鉴定,初步鉴定出来源于四川省培内的抗性种质资源材料６份,中抗性种质资源材料５７份;裸麦、多棱大麦种质资源中抗性及中抗性材料相对比例较大,而且存在兼有早熟与抗病性的资源材料,同时还分析了抗性种质资源的来源。     

小麦优质亚基和抗白粉病基因聚合体的标记辅助选择研究

本研究采用SDS-PAGE半粒电泳法和SCAR分子标记技术,分别对小麦抗病优质杂交组合(GN2003×龙96-6239)F2所含的优质亚基和抗白粉病基因进行了标记辅助选择.结果表明,在50个F2单株的Glu-D1位点上,有21株含5+10优质亚基,另有1株含有5+12优质亚基;运用与抗白粉病基因相连锁的SCAR140标记初步筛选出具有抗白粉病基因标记的38株,并经田间白粉病抗性鉴定,50个F2单株中有37株表现抗病,其余13株表现感病,仅有1株的田间抗白粉病表现与SCAR标记检测结果不相符.鉴定出同时具有抗白粉病基因标记和5+10优质亚基的聚合体14株,以及1株具有抗白粉病基因标记和5+12亚基,以供小麦优质抗病育种利用.本研究表明采用SDS-PAGE半粒电泳法与SCAR分子标记技术结合可对育种早代的优异单株进行有效鉴定和选择.     

黑龙江省黄瓜白粉病病原鉴定

对黑龙江省哈尔滨、齐齐哈尔、牡丹江、佳木斯和大庆等5个城市的11份黄瓜白粉病病样从分生孢子形状、大小、纤维体的有无、芽管着生位置、闭囊壳的特征以及鉴别寄主反应等方面进行了病原鉴定。结果表明,所有菌株分生孢子内均可见明显的纤维体,萌发管叉状,从分生孢子的侧面长出;闭囊壳内含1个子囊,每个子囊内有8个子囊孢子;均可侵染鉴别寄主Lagenaria leucantha。由此可知,引起黑龙江省黄瓜白粉病的病原为Sphaerotheca fuliginea。     

银川市番茄白粉病病原菌的鉴定

对宁夏银川市收集的番茄白粉病病叶上的病原菌进行分离、纯化,分别进行形态学和分子生物学鉴定。形态学鉴定结果表明：银川市番茄白粉病病原菌分生孢子单生,呈卵圆形或腰鼓状;其顶端位置萌发出芽管,芽管末端生有乳突状附着胞,附着胞亦着生于菌丝上;分生孢子梗直立不分支;未发现闭囊壳。对病原菌的内部转录间隔区序列进行比对,其与新番茄粉孢菌(Oidiumneolycopersici)的一致性达99%以上。形态学鉴定结合分子生物学鉴定结果表明,引起银川市番茄白粉病的病原菌为新番茄粉孢菌。     

瓜类白粉病抗性育种研究进展

文章概述了引起瓜类白粉病病原菌的种类与其分布,S.fuliginea和E.cichoracearum的致病力类型和生理小种的分化,分子标记在瓜类白粉病病原菌群体遗传差异检验中的应用及瓜类抗白粉病的遗传基础。     

人工合成小麦对白粉病的抗性评价

本研究利用我国不同地区的20个小麦白粉菌菌株对28份合成小麦材料进行抗病性评价,并利用与基因连锁的分子标记检测这些合成小麦中Pm2抗白粉病基因。在供试的合成小麦材料中,C7、C14和C2分别抗14～16个菌株,另有6份材料能抗10个以上菌株,C16和C20不抗任何菌株。来自相同杂交组合的材料抗病性表现有很大不同。根据分子检测的结果,C9和C19的扩增片段与Pm2基因相同,但是抗谱分析表明这两个合成小麦对白粉菌的反应型与Pm2基因不同。     

转反义PLDγ基因小麦的获得及其抗白粉病的初步鉴定

利用穗茎注射法将反义PLDγ基因导入烟农15和农大1521两个小麦品种中,旨在获得抗病性增强的转基因植株。结果表明:T3代经PCR及PCR-Southern杂交鉴定,目的基因已经整合到小麦的基因组中,并能在小麦基因组内稳定遗传;烟农15和农大1521的6个转基因株系的抗白粉病的能力明显增强。     

腈菌唑锰锌防治黄瓜白粉病药效试验

药效试验结果表明，60％腈菌唑锰锌可湿性粉剂800～1200倍喷雾防治黄瓜白粉病，第2次药后7d，防效可达88．2％～92．8％。该药剂对作物生长安全，可在生产上进行推广应用。     

小麦抗白粉病基因的分子标记

小麦白粉病是威胁我国小麦生产的重要常见病害之一。培育抗病品种是防治小麦白粉病的一项既安全又经济有效的措施。分子标记技术的迅速发展使得该措施正在成为小麦技病基因研究工作的重要手段之一。到目前为止，小麦中正式定名的抗白粉病基因位点巳达30个(Pml-Pm30)，其中16个位点的18个基因巳成功地标记和作图，为这些技病基因的鉴别和遗传学研究以及分子标记辅助育种奠定了良好的基础。本文对BFLP、BAPD、AFLP、SSR等技术在小麦抗白粉病基因的分子标记研究方面的现状进行了综述。     

洛阳市小麦白粉病测报技术研究

以历史资料为据．建立了气象因素对小麦白粉病影响的数学模型．经过回验，可以作为超长期预测模型应用；用多元回归法筛选因子，对其进行标准化处理．建立模糊关系进行聚类分析，把洛阳市小麦白粉病的生态地理划分为3类；当经济允许损失水平为3．1％时．防治指标为3月中下旬的病情指数9。     

葡萄抗、感白粉病植株叶片蛋白质组差异比较

【目的】运用蛋白质组学比较研究白粉病不同抗病性葡萄蛋白质组构成的差异,找出白粉病感病蛋白和抗病蛋白。【方法】以抗病葡萄植株“6-12-4”和感病植株“6-12-2”为材料,在人工接种白粉菌后0（接种前）,2,4 d取叶片样品,提取其总蛋白,通过双向电泳技术,找到不同抗病性葡萄接种白粉菌后不同时间表达有差异的蛋白质点,对其中表达差异明显的蛋白质点进行回收和纯化,并进行MALDI-TOF质谱鉴定。【结果】从供试样品中共获得26个差异表达的蛋白质点,其中10个表达有明显差异的蛋白质经质谱鉴定后有7个为阳性斑点,3个为阴性斑点。蛋白质肽质量指纹鉴定结果表明,7个阳性斑点中有2个是假定蛋白,2个是未命名蛋白,差异蛋白质点5411为33 ku光系统Ⅱ放氧复合体外周蛋白,差异蛋白质点5625为核酮糖1,5-二磷酸羧化酶/加氧酶,差异蛋白质点7121为病程相关蛋白PR10。【结论】这些差异表达的蛋白可能与葡萄植株抗、感白粉病的特性有一定关联。