桑枝屑、蚕沙不同配方栽培平菇试验

用不同比例的桑枝屑和蚕沙作为主要栽培基料,研究不同配方对平菇菌丝和子实体生长及产量的影响,并筛选出适宜配方。结果表明,桑枝屑、蚕沙的含量不同对平菇菌丝、子实体生长和产量影响不同。采用70%桑枝屑、12%的蚕沙和15.8%的麦麸作为主要基料配方栽培的平菇菌丝体和子实体生长良好,产量高。     

寄生桑树的粗毛纤孔菌的人工栽培试验

粗毛纤孔菌(Inonotus hispidus)是一种珍贵的药用真菌。从河北省承德地区采集到寄生于桑树树干的野生粗毛纤孔菌并进行人工栽培试验,探究不同培养方法和培养基配方对人工培养各阶段粗毛纤孔菌生长的影响。室内培养试验的结果是:(1)在野生粗毛纤孔菌的菌种(母种)分离培养阶段,用25μg/m L氯霉素溶液处理PDA培养基表面可以有效防止菌种分离培养过程的细菌感染;(2)原种培养阶段,当菌丝生长至2 cm厚时通过人工拍瓶混匀培养基可显著加快原种菌丝的生长,菌丝长满培养瓶的时间较未经混匀处理的缩短约5 d,且用谷粒培养基较麦粒培养基更为适用;(3)栽培生产子实体阶段,采用桑枝培养基较桦木培养基可以显著提高粗毛纤孔菌子实体产量,其中用1年生桑枝培养基培养比用多年生桑枝培养基培养的子实体产量高,多年生桑枝+棉籽壳培养基可以加快菌丝生长和子实体形成速率,但对子实体产量没有明显影响。在桑园中以桑树行间搭建小拱棚进行的粗毛纤孔菌栽培试验中,用新桑枝培养基培养的菌袋在树阴下(最大光照强度为1 800 lx,温度20~33℃,相对湿度80%)成功培养出子实体。试验结果初步表明,可以采用桑枝培养基在室内和室外进行粗毛纤孔菌的人工培养。     

桑枝屑不同添加量对桑黄的生物转化率和质量的影响

桑枝的纤维素、粗蛋白、矿物质等含量丰富,可以用作培养基生产桑黄。本研究根据培养基中桑枝屑不同添加量分别设A、B、C、D四个配方组及不含桑枝屑的对照组来培养桑黄。试验结果表明,A配方组、B配方组的桑黄子实体平均产量、子实体最高产量、平均生物学转化率均高于对照配方组,而C配方组、D配方组的桑黄子实体平均产量、子实体最高产量、平均生物学转化率均低于对照配方组。桑枝屑添加量为80%时,其生物学转化率和产量最高,因此可以得出最佳配方组为A配方组,桑枝屑代料栽培的桑黄的多糖含量均高于对照配方组,桑枝屑的添加量控制在80%内为宜。     

不同食用菌菌种桑枝培养条件筛选研究

利用桑枝屑为主要培养原料,对杏鲍菇、白灵菇和鸡腿菇等菌种在不同培养基质上菌丝的生长状况进行了研究,以期筛选出能高效利用桑枝作为主要培养基质的优质食用菌菌种,实现利用桑枝有机废弃物资源的高效利用.试验结果表明:在含75％和85％的桑枝木屑培养基中,杏鲍菇、白灵菇的菌丝均能正常生长,且显著优于麦粒培养基;而鸡腿菇菌丝虽然能...     

利用桑枝屑栽培平菇的研究

桑树枝条是蚕桑生产的副产物,一般作为柴火处理,经济价值极低。利用桑枝屑栽培食用菌可明显提高枝条的附加值,大大提高单位面积的经济效益,有利于蚕桑生产的可持续发展。本文报道了利用桑枝屑栽培平菇的研究,结果表明,用桑枝屑替代部分栽培料培养平菇获得了成功,其发菌情况、子实体生长和平菇产量等与棉籽壳培养料为对照的基本相同,生物转化率达76．8％,处于较高水平,因此该方法可用于平菇的生产和开发。     

适合桑枝基质栽培的秀珍菇优良菌株的筛选

为进一步提高秀珍菇的产量和品质,以桑枝和棉籽壳为主要栽培基质,对湖南省主栽的秀珍169、基因2005、秀71号、台秀57和秀珍菇188等5个秀珍菇品种进行了比较试验,对其菌丝生长情况、商品农艺性状、子实体生物学效率及菌袋污染率进行了调查分析。结果表明,基因2005菌株为最适合于以桑枝为培养基质栽培的秀珍菇菌株,其菌丝生长快、长势旺盛、菇型好、抗性强,适合在湖南地区大面积种植推广。     

专利介绍

专利名称:一种利用桑枝栽培灵芝的方法专利申请号:00117398.7公开号:CN1282789申请人:广东省农业科学院蚕业研究所本发明公开了一种利用桑枝栽培灵芝的方法,依次包括以下步骤:(1)装袋和灭菌:将刚刚剪伐的新鲜桑枝条粉碎成桑枝屑,混合培养料装袋,装完袋后在温度为100℃、常压下灭菌8~10小时;(2)接种:当上述料袋温度冷却到30℃左右时进行接种;(3)菌丝培养:料袋接种完毕后搬入培养室进行菌丝培养;(4)栽培:经过40~50天的菌丝培养,菌丝已经长满料袋并达到生理成熟后进行子实体室外埋土栽培。用桑枝代替森林原木栽培灵芝,不但具有变废为宝、提高…     

桑褐斑壳丰孢菌Phloeospora maculans的主要生物学特性研究

桑褐斑壳丰孢(Phloeospora maculans)是近几年鉴定的云南蚕区桑园发生桑褐斑病的主要病原菌之一。采用菌丝生长速率法研究不同培养基及碳源和氮源、p H值、温度、光照条件对该病原菌菌丝生长与产孢量的影响。结果表明,桑褐斑壳丰孢的菌丝适宜在PDA培养基和PDA+1%桑叶碎片培养基(简称PDA桑叶培养基)上生长,其中PDA桑叶培养基是最佳的产孢培养基;菌丝生长最佳培养基中的碳源和氮源物质分别是麦芽糖、蛋白胨,以可溶性淀粉为碳源的培养基产孢量最大,而在所有有氮源和无氮源物质的培养基上均不产孢;菌丝生长的最适培养基p H值为6~9,而p H 6时产孢量最大;在22~28℃培养条件下,菌丝生长最快,产孢量最大;连续黑暗条件适合菌丝生长和产孢;菌丝的致死温度条件为50℃水浴处理10 min。上述研究结果提示桑褐斑壳丰孢有很强的营养利用和环境适应能力。     

桑枝基质的灵芝优质高效栽培配方研究

以桑枝和棉籽壳为主要培养基,通过对灵芝主栽菌株G1不同的配方进行栽培试验和对其菌丝生长特性、农艺性状及子实体活性成分含量进行差异分析,结果表明:添加50%桑枝木屑、30%棉籽売、15%麦麸的配方是适宜灵芝优质高效栽培的最优配方。     

蛹虫草不同菌株的栽培试验

对3个不同的蛹虫草菌株,进行菌落培养、液体菌种培养和子实体栽培试验,比较不同菌株菌丝生长状况、子实体产量和质量等方面的差异。结果表明:菌株B1菌丝生长速度最快,菌丝产量高,子实体产量高,且子实体粗长均匀,颜色桔黄,具有较高的经济价值,可作为生产用菌株。     

桑树断枝病病原菌研究

以桑小粒型菌核病子囊孢子，病椹及桑断枝病病枝组织为材料，进行病原菌的分离与纯化，对所获得的优势菌种进行大田桑树桑花及嫩枝人工接种，结果表明，优势菌种在PDA培养基上生长缓慢，而在燕麦片培养基上生长迅速，田间接种后，6个优势菌种使桑树感染，出现桑树断枝病症状，平均感染率80％左右；经鉴定，桑树断枝病病菌为杯盘菌属Ciboria，桑小粒型菌核病病菌Ciboriasp。     

桑卷叶枯病病原菌的形态特征与分离培养条件

桑卷叶枯病是桑树的主要真菌病害之一。采用常规的微生物学试验方法观察病原菌桑单胞枝霉菌(Hormodendrummori Yendo)的形态并研究病原菌的分离培养条件。结果表明,病原菌在PDA培养基上生长良好,形成白色圆形凸状菌落,并能产生大量的暗蓝褐色分生孢子梗和淡灰色分生孢子;菌丝的生长温度为8～40℃,产生分生孢子的温度为10～38℃,分生孢子的致死温度为50～55℃,菌丝生长和分生孢子产生的最适温度为25～30℃;适合菌丝生长的pH为4.5～11.0,最适pH为6～7;相对湿度大有利于菌丝生长和分生孢子的产生与萌发;连续光照可促进产孢。以上结果信息可供研究桑卷叶枯病病原菌的危害特点和建立病害的有效防治方法参考。     

Evaluation of growth of avian mycoplasmas on bile salt agar and in bile broth

All nine Mycoplasma iowae strains and one strain of M gallinarum grew on 0.05 per cent 'bile' agar medium. The colony size of M iowae on this agar medium was similar to the size obtained on bile-free mycoplasma agar. One strain each of M maculosum, M arginini and M bovis also grew on 0.05 per cent bile agar. However, one strain each of M gallisepticum and M meleagridis were inhibited at this concentration. Six of the nine strains of M iowae were also resistant to 1 per cent 'bile' in broth medium but all were resistant to 0.5 per cent. The resistance of M iowae to 0.5 per cent 'bile' in broth may be a useful characteristic for differentiating it from some of the other avian mycoplasmas.     

Comparison of media used for the primary isolation of Mycobacteriurm bovis by veterinary and medical diagnostic laboratories

Veterinary and medical laboratories engaged in the cultural diagnosis of bovine or human tuberculosis were requested to supply samples of the media that they routinely use for the primary isolation of M. bovis. Fourteen laboratories supplied 7 basic media types; these were Lowenstein-Jensen, Stonebrink's, modified Middlebrook 7H11 agar, tuberculosis bovine blood agar, egg yolk agar, Gerloff's egg and Herrold's egg yolk. Two strains of M. bovis were used to test the media, strain AN5, a glycerol-tolerant laboratory strain and M86/90 a glycerol-sensitive wildtype strain. AN5 grew well on all media with the exception of Herrold's and strain M86/90 did not grow on media containing glycerol and grew poorly on Herrold's medium. It is recommended that Lowenstein-Jensen with pyruvate (but without glycerol), Stonebrink's, modified Middlebrook 7H11 and tuberculosis bovine blood agar should be considered the media of choice for the primary isolation of M. bovis. Egg yolk agar also proved adequate for this purpose in the trial. This medium may be suitable for routine use but to date experience with its use is limited.     

产萱草根素内生真菌的分离与鉴定

为探讨萱草(Hemerocallis)根中是否存在产生萱草根素的内生真菌,从北萱草(H.esculenta)根中分离得到4株内生真菌,在马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum)葡萄糖琼脂培养基(PDA)上培养20 d后收集菌丝,应用薄层色谱法和紫外分光光度法分别检测菌丝提取液中的萱草根素,筛选可产生萱草根素的内生真菌。结果表明:菌株XC-1A为产萱草根素内生真菌,含量达359.88 μg·g^-1,根据形态学观察和5.8S rDNA-ITS序列分析结果,确定XC-1A为Zalerion varium。北萱草中存在可产生萱草根素的内生真菌。     

猪棉秆发酵床垫料的研究

This study was to make fermentation bed by the cotton stalk instead of sawdust and rice husk,the combination of substrate included cotton stalk 65%,sawdust 7%,rice husk 28%,using 4 kinds of media （PDA medium （PDA）,sabouraud medium （S）,niushi medium （N）,carboxymethyl cellulose sodium medium（SK）） and extracted five kinds of strains from different materials （cotton stalk rot,decay wood,decaying vegetation,manure,pig fermentation bed）,the subject worked on of three experiments from the combination of substrate,the ratio of strain and the carrying capacity of fermentation bed using microbiology technology. The results showed that the ratio of PDAs∶Sf∶Nf∶Nb∶SKm was 4∶2∶2∶1∶1,adding strains was 10%,each pig’s share of area was 1.2 m²,it was the best to use of the fermentation bed and paid a solid base for the production of fermentation bed with cotton stalk.     

Lectin-like binding of lactobacilli considered for their use in probiotical preparations for animal use

Three gut lactobacilli from piglets (Lactobacillus plantarum L 5, Lactobacillus paracasei L 81, Lactobacillus fermentum L 670) and Lactobacillus casei subsp. pseudoplantarum L.c.) from a calf were examined by microtitre plate binding assay for their lectin-like binding activity after their cultivation on Rogosa agar and in MRS broth. Three ECM (extracellular matrix) molecules (fetuin, porcine fibronectin and porcine mucin) were selected for this assay. Additionally, the effect of heparin on the binding of these three ECM molecules by Lactobacillus strains in microtitre plates was tested. Moreover, haemagglutination tests with pig, cattle, sheep, and hen erythrocytes were performed. However, none of the four Lactobacillus strains examined did react with any of the erythrocytes tested. The differences between individual strains were observed in their binding to immobilised ECM molecules. The best adherent was the Lactobacillus plantarum L5, however, the other three strains showed also good ECM binding. With regard to an influence of cultivation medium on lectin-like binding activity, binding of all ECM molecules was expressed in Lactobacillus paracasei L 81 to significantly higher degree (P < 0.001) after cultivation on Rogosa agar than in MRS broth. Similarly, strains Lactobacillus fermentum L 670 and Lactobacillus casei subsp. pseudoplantarum L.c. displayed significantly higher (P < 0.001) binding of fibronectin and mucin after growth on Rogosa agar in comparison with MRS broth cultivation. However, no significant (on fetuin and fibronectin binding) or opposite effect (on mucin binding) of cultivation medium was observed in Lactobacillus plantarum L 5 strain. The influence of cultivation medium on fetuin binding by Lactobacillus fermentum L 670 was also not significant while Lactobacillus casei subsp. pseudoplantarum L.c. bound fetuin significantly better (P < 0.01) after growth on Rogosa agar. Heparin pretreatment increased the binding of the ECM molecules by the Lactobacillus fermentum L 670 strain significantly (P < 0.001 or P < 0.05) with the exception of porcine fibronectin when the strain was cultivated in MRS broth. This result is important especially in the connection with the previous observations that heparin decreased ECM binding of enteropathogens as staphylococci or clinical enterococcal isolates. Following up on some earlier strain characteristics, these results indicate that the selected lactobacilli are probably suitable for probiotic purposes.     

Isolation of Treponemas from the colon of pigs with clinical dysentery]

Optimal culture conditions in artificial nutritive media were determined for a defined avirulent strain of Treponema hyodysenteriae and for four field strains of treponemas in pigs with clinical dysentery. The treponemas were isolated with the use of milliporous filters with pores of 0.3 micrometer in diameter, which were located on the surface of blood agar. No significant difference in the influence of equine, bovine or sheep blood on the growth of treponemas was determined. The commercial amount of glucose in the used media, 2.0 to 2.5 g per 1,000 ml, was quite sufficient for the growth of the treponemas and it was not necessary to increase the amount. After reaching the optimal rate of growth the oxidoreduction potential was diminished by adding cystein or cystein hydrochloride and placing the Petri dishes with the media, prior to inoculation, into an anaerobic medium filled with hydrogen. The suitable composition of the culture atmosphere created in a special anaerostat comprised 0.4 to 1.0% carbon dioxide and the rest being hydrogen. Treponemas grew on the blood agar in zones with very slight hemolysis without forming separated colonies.     

桑枝枯菌核病病原菌的生物学特性研究

从发病桑树上分离到桑枝枯菌核病病原菌的纯菌种 ,并对该菌的培养性状和生物学特性进行了调查和研究。结果表明 :桑枝枯菌核病病原菌适于在PDA培养基和桑叶汁培养基上生长 ,其生长温度范围为 8～ 30℃ ,最适生长温度为 2 0～ 2 5℃ ,生长pH值范围为 1～ 12 ,最适生长pH值为 5～ 8,菌丝与菌核的生长情况大致相同 ;菌核在适宜的温湿度条件下能够产生子囊盘和子囊孢子 ,子囊孢子椭圆形 ,大小 7～ 14 μm× 3～ 7μm。