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1.
L. M. Arregui J. Veramendi A. M. Mingo-Castel 《American Journal of Potato Research》2003,80(2):141-144
The gelling agent Phytagel? was compared with Difco Bacto-agar forin vitro tuberization of six potato cultivars (Jaerla, Blanka, Claustar, Kennebec, Désirée, and Baraka). On a culture medium with 6% sucrose but lacking growth regulators, tuberization was higher when Phytagel? was used rather than Difco Bacto-agar, regardless of the photoperiodic regime used. Chemical analyses of the gelling agents revealed a higher mineral content and organic impurities in Bacto-agar than in Phytagel?, which is therefore recommended for microtuber production. The same gelling agent should be used in all treatments of microtuberization experiments in order to draw meaningful physiological conclusions. 相似文献
2.
Summary Large scale, commercial production of potato minitubers, cvs Spunta, Jaerla and Kennebec, has been carried out in VITRO HELLAS
S.A. since 1995, according to protocols based on in vitro methods. Apical meristems were cultured on MS medium supplemented
with 1 μM IBA, 20 g/l sucrose and 6 g/l agar (pH 5.8). Subculture was carried out every 15 days. Multiplication rate was 4–5
per cycle. Self-rooted microplants were transferred into screen houses (200 plants/m2) in a mixture of peat and perlite 1∶1 (v/v). Cultivation period was 15 August to 15 November each year. During the period
1995–1997, the number of minitubers produced/plant was 2.07 for cv. Spunta, 1.85 for cv. Jaerla and 2.52 for cv. Kennebec
and their average weights were 10.8 g, 10.9 g and 9.8 g, respectively. The percentage of minitubers<10 mm in diameter was
2%, 50.1% were 10–20 mm and 47.9% were>20 mm. 相似文献
3.
Aintzane Zarrabeitia Xabier Lejarcegui Jon Veramendi Angel M. Mingo-Castel 《American Journal of Potato Research》1997,74(6):369-378
A medium containing low amounts of nitrogen (19–23 meq.l?1) produced optimum results in micropropagation as revealed by the number of nodes, internode length, chlorophyll content, and leaf area of four potato cvs. belonging each to four different maturity groups. Decreasing amounts of nitrogen also increased chlorophyll content in all four cultivars tested. The NH 4 + concentration did not have an effect on micropropagation for low nitrogen supplies. In all cvs., except Baraka, there was a “carry over” effect of the nitrogen content in the micropropagation medium onto subsequent tuberization, the lower nitrogen (23 meq.l?1) advancing tuber initiation. Microtuberization of cv. Jaerla was earlier in darkness than under short days regardless of the propagation medium used. 相似文献
4.
5.
J. Marinus 《Potato Research》1993,36(1):63-69
Summary In three experiments seed tubers of cvs Jaerla, Bintje and Alpha, stored at 12 °C in the dark, were planted in glasshouses
on various dates at soil temperatures varying from 8 °C to 28 °C to study the phenomenon of ‘non-emergence’ with ageing seed
tubers. In general the tubers were desprouted before planting. At all plantings cv. Alpha produced normal plants. The cvs
Jaerla and Bintje, however, showed high proportions of the ‘little potato’ phenomenon when planted in cold soil, and high
proportions of decayed tubers more frequently in warm soil. When using physiologically older seed at later planting dates,
both the range of soil temperatures became wider and the proportions of seed tubers experiencing both ‘little potato’ and
decay increased. 相似文献
6.
不同光周期处理对大豆开花结荚进程的影响 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
通过长日照(16h光/8h暗)和短日照(9h光/15h暗)相互转换处理,证明大豆品种“早12”为相对短日植物,9个短日就可完成其成花的光周期诱导过程。大豆感受光周期效应的株龄在真叶期。短日诱导处理不仅促进花序产生的速度及数量,还有利于荚的发育;长日处理的结果恰相反。 相似文献
7.
The effects of Gelrite and agar onin vitro tuberization of six potato cultivars, Atlantic, Chaleur, Cherokee, Desiree, Kennebec and Red Pontiac under low light intensity and in the dark were examined. The medium consisted of MS salts, vitamins, 6% sucrose, 2.5 mg/l kinetin and either 2 g/l Gelrite or 6 g/l agar. The cultures were kept either under diffused light with a 16 h photoperiod or in darkness at 22/19 C day/night temperatures for eight weeks. Tuberization was earlier and more uniform (a higher proportion of tubers ≥ 5 mm) on Gelrite than on agar solidified medium and earlier in the darkness than in the light. Light effects varied from cultivar to cultivar. The slowest to tuberize in light were Atlantic and Red Pontiac, the fastest, Chaleur and Cherokee. Chaleur, Cherokee and Kennebec produced significantly more large tubers and higher total tuber mass under low light than in darkness. Atlantic and Red Pontiac reacted in the opposite way. Desiree produced significantly more large tubers in the dark, but the differences in tuber mass between the dark and light conditions were not significant. Light also stimulated shoot and root growth in most of the cultures. No relation was observed between the relative maturities of the tested cultivars and their tuberization responsesin vitro. 相似文献
8.
K. Pruski P. Duplessis T. Lewis T. Astatkie J. Nowak P. C. Struik 《Potato Research》2001,44(4):315-325
Summary Effects of jasmonic acid (JA) on in vitro tuberization of six potato cultivars were examined. Tuberization was carried out
in the dark, or with 8 h photoperiod on MS media with vitamins, 8% sucrose, 0.6% agar and either 2.5 μM JA (JAMed) or no JA
using explants either preconditioned with 2.5 μM JA (JAPret) or not. Cultivars Amisk, Russet Burbank, Sangre and Umatilla
Russet produced the most (1.0–1.7) and the largest microtubers per explant. Tuberization was inconsistent in Shepody and poor
in Atlantic. All cultivars tuberized significantly better in 8 h than in the dark. JA effects were cultivar specific and larger
in the dark than in light. In the dark, Amisk, Atlantic and Umatila Russet tuberized better in JAMed than in JAPret. These
cultivars did not benefit from JA treatments in light. Russet Burbank and Sangre tuberized in the dark better from JAPret
cuttings than on JAMed medium. JA had no effect on tuberization in Shepody. JA double treatment in light vs. control and individual
JA treatments significantly reduced tuberization in Shepody and Russet Burbank. 相似文献
9.
在全黑暗诱导结薯培养条件下,培养基(MS+8.0%蔗糖)中添加5.0BA、5.0B9、500CCC或5.0BA+500CCC(mg/L)对诱导马铃薯(cv.Mira)试管苗或其茎段结薯所需的时间,结薯率和结薯数量没有促进作用;它们虽能略微提高试管薯的平均鲜重,但与对照比较,此影响未达到显著水平(LSD0.05)。在16h/d光周期或8h/d光周期加暗期光间断诱导结薯培养条件下,无论培养基中蔗糖含量为2.0%或8.0%,外源添加2.0NAA、2.0ABA、5.0BA、5.0B9、500CCC或5.0BA+500CCC(mg/L)等植物生长物质均不能诱导试管苗茎段结薯(cv.I-1085)。由此表明,离体培养条件下,外源添加上述植物生长物质不是诱导马铃薯块茎形成的必需因子。对此试验结果作了比较详细的讨论。 相似文献
10.
Summary Mass tuberisation was obtained on plantlets growing from nodal potato cuttings cultured in vitro on Murashige-Skoog (MS) medium
under continuous light of 5000 lux at 24–25°C. Tuber formation was stimulated by transferring the plantlets to MS or White-Nitsch-Morel
(WhNM) liquid or solid media supplemented with 8% sucrose, 2 mg 1−1 benzyladenine (BAP), 2 mg 1−1 naphthalenacetic acid (NAA) and/or 100 mg 1−1 (2-chloroethyl) trimethylammonium chloride (CCC). Liquid media invariably induced heavier minitubers (390–790 mg each). The
process to tuberisation took only two months. Minitubers always produced normal growing plants after dormancy break. 相似文献
11.
Summary The ‘cutting technique’ or ‘tuberisation stimulus’ (TS) technique was investigated as a method of identifying heat tolerant
clones ofSolanum tuberosum ssp.tuberosum.
TS levels were assessed, using leaf cuttings, for 100 experimental clones growing under heat stress in a controlled environment
(35/15°C day/night temperatures, 16 h photoperiod). No correlation was found with the tuber yields of these clones when grown
in an irrigated trial in Israel.
The relationship between TS levels and tuber production was investigated using early and later maturing cultivars grown with
and without heat stress. These experiments showed that the cv. Blanka had high TS levels in all environments and high tuber
fresh weights when grown under heat stress. However, the correlation between TS levels and tuber fresh weight for all cultivars
was weak (r=0.45).
The results indicated that this TS technique is unlikely to be an accurate method of screeningtuberosum clones for heat tolerance. 相似文献
12.
Summary The severity of late blight tuber rot in five potato cultivars (Green Mountain, Sebago, Dorita, AC Brador and Island Sunshine)
resulting from inoculation with US-1/US-8 combinations of Canadian isolates ofPhytophthora infestans was evaluated. In addition, the potential for mixed (A1∶A2) inoculations to result in oospore formation was examined. In
studies conducted in 1996 and 1997, cv. Dorita (and Island Sunshine in 1997) developed the least amount of surface or internal
necrosis relative to the other cultivars following co-inoculation with US-1 and US-8 isolates ofP. infestans. Differences also were revealed among isolate combinations used for inoculation. The combination of a US-1 isolate from Prince
Edward Island with a US-8 isolate from New Brunswick consistently produced the least amount of necrosis in tubers of the various
cultivars. There was no evidence of oospore production in any of the tubers examined.
AAFC Contribution No. 919 相似文献
13.
Summary CIRAD developed a new apparatus for plant tissue culture, using temporary immersion in a liquid medium. This apparatus was
adapted to the microtuber production in potato. The procedure is as follows: single node cultivation on MS medium containing
30 g/l sucrose in the light for 2 weeks, induction of microtuberisation with 80 g/l sucrose over a 2 week period in the light,
followed by a further 6 weeks in the dark. All experiments were performed at 20 °C. The basic vessel had a capacity of approximately
11;30 nodes were cultivated per vessel. Depending on the cultivars tested (Bintje, Ostara and Désirée) 47 to 115 microtubers
were harvested per vessel. Between 30 and 60% of the microtubers weighted over 0.5 g and between 10 and 40% over 0.8 g. Sprouting
is still under investigation. Preliminary results indicate that the dormancy period was relatively short and several stems
were obtained per microtuber. These results seem to be better than those usually reported. Only one simple protocol has been
tested and further improvements are probably easy to obtain. 相似文献
14.
Summary In vitro tuberization responses of eleven clones of potato were evaluated under different photoperiods and light intensities.
No growth regulators were added to the medium to avoid the potential modification of the response to the environmental stimuli.
Plantlets were grown on MS medium containing 3% sucrose for four weeks under long days (16 h). Tuberization was induced by
short days (8 h). Five photoperiodic combinations and three light intensity treatments were applied.
Light applied after the tuber induction phase delayed or inhibited tuber initiation (at proper photoperiods both at 111 and
55 μmol m−2 s−1 light intensities at 24/15 °C day/night temperature). Darkness following the induction stage accelerated and synchronized
tuber initiation after high light intensity. However, these effects of dark treatment depended on light intensity applied
in short days before dark treatment. There was an interaction between the duration of darkness applied in photoperiodic treatments
and the light intensity applied in short days on tuber initiation. No relationship was observed between the maturity groups
of clones tested and their tuber initiation responses. Tight interaction (P≤0.01) of treatments and clones was proved by statistical
analysis. Reliable tuberization and high rate of tuberization (1.20–1.52) can be reached using these hormon-free systems. 相似文献
15.
Prolonged or highly variable dormancy can be a significant impediment to the efficient use of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) microtubers by the seed industry. In the present study, reductions in microtuber dormancy duration were obtained in cultivars commonly used by the processing industry (Kennebec, Russet Burbank and Shepody). This was achieved by modifying microtuber induction media and applying various dormancy-release treatments after harvest, with or without prior storage. An 8 h photoperiod, instead of continuous darkness during microtuber induction and development, increased microtuber yield while reducing dormancy duration. Dormancy duration was also shortened by increased sucrose concentration during microtuber induction under an 8 h photoperiod. As sucrose was increased from 4 to 16% under an 8 h photoperiod, mean dormancy duration decreased by 86 d for Shepody, 65 d for Kennebec and 46 d for Russet Burbank. During theex vitro storage period, 24 h treatment with bromoethane vapor (from 0.22 ml liquid BE per L volume) or bromoethane vapor followed by a 3 d treatment of 60% CO2/ 20% O2/ 20% N2 resulted in a rapid dormancy release of freshly harvested microtubers. These dormancy-releasing treatments significantly increased minituber yields under greenhouse conditions for all cultivars when compared to untreated controls. Increased minituber yields were also observed when dormancy release treatments were applied to microtubers after storage at 6 C for 8 weeks. The results demonstrate that microtuber dormancy duration can be manipulated during growthin vitro orex vitro. However, optimization may require cultivarspecific protocols 相似文献
16.
研究大气CO2浓度升高对非结构性碳水化合物分配积累的影响,可填补大豆气候变化生物学的部分空白,也又可为选育适应未来气候条件的大豆品种以及高产栽培策略提供理论支撑。本研究以大豆品种紫花4(ZH4)、小黄金(XHJ)、丰收10号(FS10)和嫩丰1号(NF1)为材料,利用开顶式气室模拟研究大气CO2浓度升高到550 μmol·mol-1对大豆鼓粒期(R5)和完熟期(R8)不同器官光合产物积累和分配的影响。结果表明:大气CO2浓度升高对不同器官C浓度的影响存在品种间差异。除了R5期XHJ叶片和R8期NF1根系,大豆不同器官C浓度表现出增加的趋势。大气CO2浓度升高显著增加R5期大豆叶片可溶性糖浓度(33.4%~90.0%);而蔗糖和淀粉浓度对大气CO2浓度升高的响应受到品种因素的影响,XHJ叶片蔗糖浓度和FS10叶片淀粉浓度分别降低9.7%和13%,其余品种叶片蔗糖和淀粉浓度显著增加。在R8期,大气CO2浓度升高后大豆籽粒可溶性糖、蔗糖和淀粉浓度均表现出增加的趋势,籽粒可溶性糖浓度平均增加22%。同R5期相比,R8期大豆营养器官的碳水化合物浓度显著下降,表明营养器官碳水化合物的再利用能力决定大豆产量的增幅。ZH4、XHJ和FS10的产量平均增加32.7%,而NF1产量增加不显著。大气CO2浓度升高显著提高了大豆植株C的同化能力,但不同品种间差异显著。“源端”叶片蔗糖转化能力强,“流端”茎秆装卸同化产物效率高,以及“库强”较大的大豆品种在未来大豆品种选育和生产中应该是重点关注对象。 相似文献
17.
初花期干旱对甘蓝型油菜生理和农艺性状的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
初花期是油菜生殖生长的关键时期。为研究干旱对这一时期油菜的影响,在人工控水条件下(当土壤含水量为田间持水量的45%~50%时计为干旱胁迫开始,处理持续10d,然后复水;CK正常灌水,保持田间持水量在80%~85%),利用4个具有不同耐旱性的甘蓝型油菜品种浔油8号、阳光2009、浙油50和华油杂13号,研究生理特性、农艺性状和产量的变化。结果表明,在干旱胁迫10d后,耐旱性品种(浔油8号和阳光2009)的叶片SPAD值、可溶性蛋白质、MDA含量变幅不大,可溶性糖含量小幅下降,CAT酶活性小幅增加,游离脯氨酸含量显著增加(其中浔油8号和阳光2009分别比对照增加了4.1倍和2.9倍)。相比之下,敏感性品种(浙油50和华油杂13号)的叶片SPAD值、可溶性蛋白质和可溶性糖含量均显著减少,MDA含量显著增加,CAT酶活性变幅不大,游离脯氨酸含量显著增加,但增幅小于耐旱品种。初花期干旱影响油菜的主要农艺性状和产量,表现为敏感性品种的株高、一次分枝数、相对分枝高、主花序长、主花序角果数、角果长、单株角果数、角果粒数和单株产量均显著下降,而且降幅明显大于耐旱性品种。 相似文献
18.
Are short-day (SD) conditions inductive or permissive for potato tuberization? This question was addressed using anin vitro culture system. Kinetin induction ofin vitro tuberization in potato stolons cultured in the dark can be partially inhibited by light treatments. Photoperiod required for a major inhibition varied with cultivars: 8 hours for cv. Red Pontiac and 16 hours for cv. Kennebec. Short photoperiods decreased kinetininduced tuberization for all cultivars. Stolons cultured on kinetin-free medium generally did not tuberize, regardless of light treatment. Effects of kinetin and photoperiod on stolon and tuber development are observed. Relationships among kinetin, photoperiod and tuber-inducing stimulus produced under short days are discussed. 相似文献
19.
Five experiments with in vitro-grown plantlets of potato cvs ‘Superior,’ ‘Early Valley,’ ‘Golden Valley,’ and ‘Winter Valley’ were carried out to investigate in a stepwise approach the potential for enhancing microtuber production of (1) adding supplementary nutrients (SN) including KNO3, NH4H2PO4, Ca(NO3)2.4H2O, and MgSO4 in full- or half-strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium, (2) adding a pretested combination of plant growth regulators (PGRs), i.e., 10 mg l−1 6-benzyl aminopurine plus 200 mg l−1 succinic acid 2,2-dimethylhydrazide, (3) varying the timing of the supplemental applications, and (4) varying the replenishment of the medium. Plantlets of ‘Superior’ for microtuberization were grown from two-node explants for 75 days under environmental conditions consisting of 22 ± 2 °C and a 16-h photoperiod on a solid basal medium consisting of half-strength MS (1/2 MS) medium containing 6 % sucrose and a moderate concentration of supplementary nutrients, SN-2 (KNO3, 1.22 g l−1; NH4H2PO4, 1.41 g l−1; Ca(NO3)24H2O, 0.23 g l−1; and MgSO4, 0.74 g l−1). Thereafter, plantlets were grown for 60 days under dark conditions. Liquid media containing different combinations of MS, SN, and PGR levels plus 8 % sucrose were added as a supplement and were evaluated for their ability to increase tuberization compared to the control composition of the supplement (MS with 8 % sucrose). In the first experiment, addition of 1/2 MS liquid medium containing 8 % sucrose and SN-2 before dark incubation induced the highest total number of microtubers (on average 1.4 per plantlet), a significantly higher weight and size than the control, and the highest percentage (50 %) of large-sized (>500 mg) microtubers. In the second experiment, addition of 1/2 MS liquid medium containing 8 % sucrose, SN-2, and PGRs produced the highest number (on average 1.5 per plantlet) and total yield (on average 971 mg per plantlet) of microtubers, and significantly the highest percentage (66 %) of large-sized (>500 mg) microtubers. The size of the microtubers was higher than for the treatment without growth regulators. The optimum time for addition of supplemental medium containing 8 % sucrose, SN-2, and PGRs was shown in experiment 3 to be latest 1 week before dark incubation. This timing resulted in both the highest microtuber number (on average 1.6 per plantlet) and yield (on average 1208 mg per plantlet), and the highest percentage (64 %) of large-sized microtubers. Finally, it was found that a second supplemental treatment consisting of 50 % replacement of the liquid medium (by volume) 2 weeks after transfer to dark conditions gave rise to the highest number (on average 1.9 per plantlet), yield (on average 1346 mg per plant), and also significantly the highest percentage (25 %) of large-sized microtubers (>1000 mg) as compared to replacement of a greater or smaller proportion of the medium. Four potato cultivars, ‘Superior,’ ‘Early Valley,’ ‘Golden Valley,’ and ‘Winter Valley’ produced acceptable numbers and yield of microtubers of relatively large-sized tubers using a process that included supplemental liquid medium with 1/2 MS, 8 % sucrose, moderate concentration (SN-2) of SNs and PGRs, followed by a 50 % replacement of the same medium. 相似文献