应用电镜原位杂交技术对宿主细胞内犬传染性肝炎病毒DNA定位

应用电镜原位杂交技术，在超微水平上对犬传染性肝炎病毒（ＩＣＨＶ）ＤＮＡ在感染的犬肾传代细胞内的分布进行了定位研究。结果胶体金颗粒不仅特异地标记在细胞核致密型包涵体上，而且在细胞质致密型包涵体上也有胶体金颗粒的特异标记，提示细胞质内含有大量ＩＣＨＶＤＮＡ成分，从而为ＩＣＨＶ的细胞质内装配途径提供了证据。     

犬肾传代细胞HGPRT缺失株的诱变

应用８－氮鸟嘌呤（８－Ａｚａｇｕｉｚｉｎｅ），通过大剂量追加细胞法、剂量递增法和紫外线预先照射交替培养法，区获得９株犬肾传代细胞系（ＭＤＣＫ）抗药细胞（剂量分别为２０μｇ／ｍＬ和５０μｇ／ｍＬ），经ＨＡＴ系统敏感性试验和６－巯鸟嘌呤抗性鉴定，其中有８株为犬肾传代细胞ＨＧ－ＰＲＴ缺失突变株（ＭＤＣＫ／ＨＧＰＲＴ＾－）。该突变株细胞Ｇｉｅｍｓａ染色后呈卵圆形，核呈圆形，８３世代细胞（ＭＤＣＫ８３／ＨＧ     

犬用五联疫苗免疫效果观察

用长春军事兽医研究所生产的犬用五联苗免疫比格犬,观察其ＣＰＶ,ＣＤＶ,ＩＣＨＶ的血清抗体效价。检测方法;ＣＰＶ用Ｈ１法,ＣＤＶ用ＰＨＡ法,ＩＣＨＡ用ＳＮ中和法。     

ICHV在MDCK细胞上增殖的研究

采用免疫组化ＢＡ法进行了犬传染性肝炎病毒（ＩＣＨＶ）在ＭＤＣＫ细胞上定位的研究。结果表明，接毒后１０小时可见细小阳性反应颗粒出现于肿胀的病变细胞核中，ＨＥ染色所见包涵体形态与临发病犬肝实质细胞包涵体形态相似，提示可能是ＩＣＨＶ感染细胞所引的特征性变化。同时测定的病毒血凝滴度结果表明，包涵体的形成与病毒增殖有一定关系，８４～９６小时收毒较为适宜。     

ICHV在MDCK细胞上增殖的研究

采用免疫组化ＢＡ法进行了犬传染性肝炎病毒（ＩＣＨＶ）在ＭＤＣＫ细胞上定位的研究．结果表明，接毒后１０小时可见细小阳性反应颗粒出现于肿胀的病变细胞核中．ＨＥ染色所见包涵体形态与临床发病犬肝实质细胞包涵体形态相似，提示可能是ＩＣＨＶ感染细胞所引起的特征性变化．同时测定的病毒血凝滴度结果表明，包涵体的形成与病毒增殖有一定关系，８４～９６小时收毒较为适宜．     

犬传染性肝炎病毒的血凝抑制抗体和中和抗体的关系

犬传染性肝炎病毒（Ｉｎｆｅｃｔｉｏｕｓ　ｃａｎｉｎｅ　ｈｅｐａｔｉｔｉｓ　ｖｉｒｕｓ，ＩＣＨＶ）能诱导动物机体产生中和（Ｓｅｒｕｍ　ｎｅｕｔｒｏｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎ，ＳＮ）抗体与血凝抑制（Ｈｅｍａｇｇｌｕｔｉｎａｔｉｏｎ　ｉｎｈｉｂｉｔｉｏｎ，ＨＩ）抗体，本研究对８份ＩＣＨＶ免疫的犬血清同时进行了其ＳＮ抗体和ＨＩ抗体的检测，结果表明ＳＮ抗体和ＨＩ抗体具有正比线性关系ＳＮ≈８×ＨＩ，并绘制了标准曲线。由于血凝和ＨＩ试验不需应用活的试验宿主系统，而且可在３　ｈ内获得结果，操作经济简便，因此可通过测定ＨＩ抗体的效价来推算出ＳＮ抗体效价。     

犬Ⅱ型腺病毒自然弱毒株的分离与鉴定

从一只３月龄病犬中分离出一株犬腺病毒（ＣＡＶ）,暂定名为ＹＣＡ１８。从一系列形态学、生理化学、生物学和分子病毒学实验证明这是一株Ⅱ型犬腺病毒自然弱毒。此毒株能在犬、猪肾原代细胞和传代细胞系上生长,能产生腺病毒感染的特征性细胞病变,细胞肿胀,变圆和呈“葡萄串样”。在细胞核内可见病毒粒子及其前本的晶格状排列,病毒粒子呈２０面体立体对称,表面有排列整齐的壳粒;能抵抗乙醚的处理,在ＰＨ３及５０℃温度中稳定     

用聚合酶链反应检测犬传染性肝炎的研究

应用聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）对人工感染犬传染性肝炎病毒（ＩＣＨＶ）的犬进行定期尿检,并以血凝和血抑制试验及病毒分离进行比较。结果表明,用ＰＣＲ方法可以快速检出排毒的犬,其灵敏度是血凝效价的上百倍。     

犬实验性感染ICHV的病理学研究

采用北京地区分离的犬传染性肝炎病毒ＢＪ－１株经口服感染１月龄幼犬，对死亡犬和濒死犬进行病理形态学观察和脏器组织中抗定位的研究。表明，肝脏是ＩＣＨＶ侵害的主要靶器官，胆囊的病理改变和脏器组织中的包涵体形态具有一定的诊断意义；采用ＢＡ法诊断犬传染性肝炎，具有特异性强，结果确实可靠，标本易于长期保存等优点。     

犬传染性肝炎概述

犬传染性肝炎概述李肖梁（浙江农业大学动物科学学院）犬传染性肝炎（ＩｎｆｅｃｔｉｏｎｓＣａｎｉｎｅＨｅｐａｔｉｔｉｓＩＣＨ），主要由犬腺病毒Ⅰ型（ＣＡＶ—１）引起的一种急性败血性传染病，发生于犬及狐，犬主要表现肝炎和眼疾，狐狸则表现为脑炎。１．病原：Ｃ...     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.     

Diversity of Ectoparasites in Sheep Flocks in Sa~o Paulo,Brazil

The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.     

Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ

An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.     

Serum biochemical values and mineral element contents of tissues in yaks

Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein     

Avian brood parasitism — a growing research area in behavioral ecology (part Ⅱ)

正We are pleased to publish the second special issue on avian brood parasitism and to be responsible guest editors for the two special issues of Chinese Birds (Vol. 3, No. 4, 2012 and Vol. 4, No. 1, 2013), entitled "Avian Brood Parasitism - A Growing Research Area in Behavioral Ecology". The first issue was published in December 2012. The goal of the two special issues is to publish accumulated knowledge and some of the recent developments in     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -