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1.
An investigation was conducted to determine the extent of diversity and relationships among a worldwide safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) germplasm collection and to find out adapted accessions that can be used in an organic safflower breeding program in
Germany. A total of 468 accessions was studied under organic farming conditions at Kleinhohenheim experimental station during
the seasons of 2004 and 2005. All the accessions were evaluated for 12 phenotypic traits and three rated diseases. Multivariate
analyses have been used to measure the diversity in a subset of 200 accessions and 11 geographical regions. Generally, the
study showed that there was a large genetic variation within accessions. A coefficient of variation (CV%) for investigated
traits and diseases ranged from 2.9 to 91.0% with the highest CV was recorded for yield/m2, yield/plant and seeds/plant. The
most accessions that originated in Europe revealed relatively better performance compared to non-Europeans. High yielding,
early maturing, and disease tolerant accessions were identified. However, the low oil content (8.7–22.8%) is the primary concern
in this germplasm collection. The degree of heritability varied between 10% for lodging to 86% for plant height. Genotypic
coefficient of correlation (r
g) was slightly higher for many traits than the respective phenotypic coefficient. Oil content and seed yield/m2 were highly
significantly correlated (r
g = 0.78). The genotypic coefficient of correlation showed that selection for seeds/plant and thousand kernel weight was effective
for improvement of seed yield and oil content. The results of the principal component analysis and the clustering pattern
of accessions were consistent with the results of analysis of variance. About 78% of the total phenotypic diversity in the
germplasm was explained on the basis of four principal components and 88% of the total variation among geographical regions
was contributed by the first three principal components. The distribution of the accessions within clusters has no apparent
relationship with the geographical origin. However, many of the European accessions have a tendency to stay together. 相似文献
2.
Eugeniusz R. Grela Wojciech Rybiński Renata Klebaniuk Jan Matras 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2010,57(5):693-701
Thirty-one European accessions of grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) originating from Italy, Spain, Northern France, Germany and Poland grown in the same soil-climatic conditions in Poland
were investigated. The morphological traits as well as the seed morphology and nutrient contents were studied. Substantial
differentiation in some morphological characteristics was noticed. The plants could be assigned to two groups: one group comprising
the lines from the Mediterranean basin (Italy and Spain) and the other group containing the accessions from West-central Europe
(Northern France, Germany and Poland). The grass pea plants produced from the seeds obtained from West-central Europe appeared
to be about 10 cm taller than the Mediterranean accessions and had predominantly white flowers. Their seeds were more than
two times smaller than seeds of the accessions of Italian or Spanish origin. There were not noted any considerable differences
in nutrient contents or antinutritional factors in seeds between these two groups of Lathyrus accessions. A negative correlation between β-ODAP and tannin contents (r = −0.379, P ≤ 0.05) and a positive correlation (r = 0.843, P ≤ 0.01) between a tannin content and flower color intensity were found. A white or crème colour was associated with a low
tannin level in the seeds, while the colourful blooming accessions had higher tannin contents. 相似文献
3.
Shirly Raichal Anil E. A. Siril S. Suhara Beevy 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2011,58(8):1263-1274
Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennst.) Nicolson is a tuberous herb occurring in the wild and cultivated state. Vegetative morphological characters were
studied at full foliage stage in 17 accessions of A. paeoniifolius which include two cultivars, 15 wild accessions and a related species, A. dubius Blume. The first principal component (PC) accounted for 42.32% of phenotypic variance followed by second for another 18.38%.
Major traits that accounted for more variability in both PC1 and PC2 include offset shape, cormel weight per corm, corm fresh
weight, petiole surface pattern and canopy spread. The unweighted pair- group method with mathematical averaging (UPGMA) clustering
method revealed three principal clusters which separated all the accessions between Euclidean distances of 0.3–1.6. Both cluster
analysis and principal co-ordinate analysis revealed T10, a morphotype of A. paeoniifolius var. campanulatus (Decne.) Sivad. cultivated in Tamil Nadu and P19 accession of A. paeoniifolius var. paeoniifolius from Karnataka as morphologically distinct, which needs further validation on the basis of floral characters or molecular
markers and G3 from Gujarat as an immediate ancestor of cultivated elephant foot yam. The genotypic (GCV) and phenotypic (PCV)
coefficients of variation, broad sense heritability (h2B) and genetic advance (GA) as a percent of the mean assessed for 18 accessions revealed high heritability estimates. A highly
significant (P < 0.01) correlation coefficient between circumference of petiole base and corm diameter, corm height, corm weight, east west
spread and north south spread suggests that circumference of petiole and canopy spread are indicators to corm weight and size. 相似文献
4.
G. Ram M. K. Bhan Ashok Ahuja S. R. Meena M. K. Kaul K. K. Gupta R. L. Jolly R. K. Khajuria 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2007,54(3):649-654
Variability studies were carried out among different accessions of Argyrolobium roseum for 12 metric traits under natural and cultivated conditions. Almost all characters showed higher values in cultivated than
natural population. Leaf breadth recorded highest CV (30.59%). Highest percentage of vitexin and D-pinitol (0.208 and 0.773%
dwb) was observed in RAR-7 and RAR-6, respectively, under cultivated conditions. Phenotypic coefficient was higher than genotypic
coefficient of variation. The association analysis revealed that root yield had positive significant correlation with 100
seed weight (r=0.839) biomass yield (r=0.601), where biomass yield had a positive significant correlation with leaf length, single pod weight. High heritability
(97.4–99.8%) coupled with moderate genetic advance ranged between (49–67%) as a percent of mean was observed for leaf breadth,
pod length, total foliage biomass yield and total root yield/plant. This suggests that direct selection for these traits is
suitable for the improvement of this crop. 相似文献
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6.
Reproductive biology and characterization of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Allanblackia parviflora</Emphasis> A. Chev. in Ghana 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
T. Peprah D. A. Ofori D. E. K. A. Siaw S. D. Addo-Danso J. R. Cobbinah A. J. Simons R. Jamnadass 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2009,56(7):1037-1044
Allanblackia parviflora A. Chev. (Clusiaceae Lindley) is an indigenous tree species which is found in the rain forest regions of Ghana. It is a potential
candidate fruit tree species being introduced in agroforestry systems. Information on genetic diversity, reproductive biology
and fruit yield are not known. Field expeditions to seven populations of Allanblackia parviflora in Ghana were undertaken in 2003–2006 during which fruits were collected from 109 trees for characterization. The species
was found to be dioecious. The colour of flowers varied from whitish to reddish. No ecological differences in number of fruits
per tree, fruit shape and seed health were observed. However, large variations in fruit size and shape were observed among
individual trees sampled. A high heritability (h
2 = 0.822) in fruit size and genetic gain (G = 20.1%) in fruit size for selection of trees with above average fruit size were observed. A positive significant correlation
was observed between fruit size and seed weight (R = 0.54, P < 0.05; Fig. 6). The results suggest that selection and cloning of trees with large fruits could lead to higher yield of seeds for oil production. 相似文献
7.
Muhammad A. Khan Sabine von Witzke-Ehbrecht Brigitte L. Maass Heiko C. Becker 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2009,56(1):19-30
Patterns of geographical diversity, and the relationship between agro-morphological traits and fatty acid composition were
assessed for 193 safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) accessions representing forty countries. Accessions were assigned to eight groups based on geographical proximity. Cluster
and Principal Component analyses were performed to assess patterns of diversity among the accessions and to select the most
distant accessions from each of eight groups for analysis of randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. There was
a large amount of diversity for agro-morphological traits, fatty acid composition, and RAPD markers. Most correlations among
different traits were rather low. Plant height showed a positive correlation with days to flowering (r = 0.63**). Palmitic acid was positively correlated with stearic acid and oleic acid values, and negatively correlated with
linoleic acid (P < 0.01). Oleic acid and linoleic acid showed a strong negative correlation (r = −0.89**). The first three principal components together explained 59% of the variation, however, neither principal component
analysis (PCA) nor marker analysis revealed a clear relationship between diversity pattern and geographical origin. Accessions
from some geographical regions tended to group together, such as accessions from South Western Asia, Central Western Europe,
and the Mediterranean region. The correlation between the morphological matrix and the genetic matrix based on RAPD markers
was not significant (r = 0.027). Wide diversity in safflower germplasm indicates a considerable potential for improving this crop for both agronomic
and quality traits. 相似文献
8.
Alake Christopher Olusanya 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2018,64(5):612-625
Amaranthus yields could benefit from our growing understanding of the genetic variability within and among individual species of local germplasm collections. Thirty-seven Amaranthus accessions representing three different species were evaluated for seed yield and yield components across two seasons. The objectives were to characterize the genetic variability of seed yield and its components across species and determine relationships among seed yield and its components by phenotypic correlation. Significant differences (P < 0.01) existed for all the evaluated traits among the accessions. Characters such as seed yield, stem girth and leaf length showed higher heritability estimates in A. cruentus (14) than in A. hypochondriacus (12) and A. dubius (11) accessions. Seed yield was significantly and positively correlated with stem girth and thousand seed weight. However, it was significantly and negatively correlated with number of days to flowering, plant height, leaf number, number of branches. The clustering of the accessions, which was partially in agreement with species grouping, will help in the identification of diverse parents for use in the breeding program. Enormous amount of genetic variability found in seed yield and its components among Nigerian Amaranthus accessions will offer opportunity for grain and leaf yield improvement through breeding. 相似文献
9.
10.
Arun Kumar M. K. Kaul M. K. Bhan Punit K. Khanna K. A. Suri 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2007,54(3):655-660
Six phenotypic characters and three withanolide markers were assessed in 25 accessions of Withania somnifera collected from different states of India for studying genetic variability. The variability ranges observed at phenotypic
and chemotypic levels were polymorphic. Based on D2 values and PCA (Principal Component Analysis) of phenotypic traits like plant height, no. of branches/plant, no. of seeds/berry,
root length, root diameter and root yield, these 25 accessions were grouped in five clusters. The relative contribution of
each character towards genetic divergence was worked out. Five accessions–AGB002 (Rajasthan), AGB003 (J&K), AGB004 (Madhya
Pradesh), AGB006 (J&K) and AGB009 (Punjab) representing clusters 2 and 4 exhibited maximum intra and inter-cluster divergence.
Cluster 5 representing accession AGB053 (Andhra Pradesh) was having mixed traits. Chemically most of the accessions in cluster
3 showed uniformity in presence of three marker withanolides Withaferin A, Withanone and Withanolide A in the leaves. 相似文献
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13.
K. M. McCormick Robert Michael Norton H. A. Eagles 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2009,56(5):651-661
Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) is a minor crop in the Wimmera region of south-eastern Australia. Limited studies have been in the past and these have been
on few accessions. This paper describes the use of quantitative and qualitative analyses to determine the main traits associated
with seed yield of fenugreek and to identify accessions suitable for commercial production. Phenotypic correlation analysis
and simple graphical analysis on a population of fenugreek accessions grown in 1998 and 1999 were used to determine important
traits associated with yield. Traits important for yield were early vigour, growth habit, flowering date, end of flowering
date, biomass at late flowering and harvest index. Yield per plant and seed weight were also important. Other traits considered
important for commercial success included machine harvestability, and bacterial blight resistance. Four accessions (A150118,
A150147, A150265, and A150292) were selected as cultivars for commercial release. Although all originating from latitudes
>30°, the accession were from different locations and were highly diverse in plant type and phenotypic characteristics. This
diversity could be exploited in future breeding programs. 相似文献
14.
Nidhi Rawat Vijay K. Tiwari Neelam Singh Gursharn S. Randhawa Kuldeep Singh Parveen Chhuneja Harcharan S. Dhaliwal 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2009,56(1):53-64
Grains of 80 accessions of nine species of wild Triticum and Aegilops along with 15 semi-dwarf cultivars of bread and durum wheat grown over 2 years at Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee,
were analyzed for grain iron and zinc content. The bread and durum cultivars had very low content and little variability for
both of these micronutrients. The related non-progenitor wild species with S, U and M genomes showed up to 3–4 folds higher
iron and zinc content in their grains as compared to bread and durum wheat. For confirmation, two Ae. kotschyi Boiss. accessions were analyzed after ashing and were found to have more than 30% higher grain ash content than the wheat
cultivars containing more than 75% higher iron and 60% higher zinc than that of wheat. There were highly significant differences
for iron and zinc contents among various cultivars and wild relatives over both the years with very high broad sense heritability.
There was a significantly high positive correlation between flag leaf iron and grain iron (r = 0.82) and flag leaf zinc and grain zinc (r = 0.92) content of the selected donors suggesting that the leaf analysis could be used for early selection for high iron
and zinc content. ‘Chinese Spring’ (Ph
I
) was used for inducing homoeologous chromosome pairing between Aegilops and wheat genomes and transferring these useful traits from the wild species to the elite wheat cultivars. A majority of
the interspecific hybrids had higher leaf iron and zinc content than their wheat parents and equivalent or higher content
than their Aegilops parents suggesting that the parental Aegilops donors possess a more efficient system for uptake and translocation of the micronutrients which could ultimately be utilized
for wheat grain biofortification. Partially fertile to sterile BC1 derivatives with variable chromosomes of Aegilops species had also higher leaf iron and zinc content confirming the possibility of transfer of required variability. Some of
the fertile BC1F3 and BC2F2 derivatives had as high grain ash and grain ash iron and zinc content as that of the donor Aegilops parent. Further work on backcrossing, selfing, selection of fertile derivatives, leaf and grain analyses for iron and zinc
for developing biofortified bread and durum wheat cultivars is in progress.
Nidhi Rawat, Vijay K. Tiwari, and Neelam Singh have contributed equally to the work. 相似文献
15.
In this study, we investigated the genetic variation of allelopathic potential, its grey correlation with important agronomic
characters, and rank analysis on allelopathic stability of fifteen wheat accessions commonly grown in arid regions of the
Loess Plateau in China. The genetic variation of allelopathic property in dryland winter wheat showed significant differences
between accessions. Allelopathic effects exhibited high heritability (55–95%) throughout the life cycle of wheat. Heritability
was highest in the tillering stage and weakest in the seed filling stage. Allelopathic potential varied and was discontinuous
throughout the wheat life cycle. Grey correlation analysis indicated a close relationship between allelopathic potential dependant
on growth phase and agronomic characters. Allelopathic expression during some growth periods induced a partial correlation
effect on some important agronomic characters that affected wheat yield. Allelopathic heritability and its degree of influence
on yield were more evident in the vegetative growth stage compared to the reproductive stage. A multiple linear regression
was built between allelopathic potential during different growth periods and agronomic characters pursued in wheat breeding.
Allelopathic potential had a linear effect on production traits cultivated in wheat breeding. When allelopathic intensity
varied from 0 to 1 in the reproductive stage, plant height ranged from 44 to 108 cm, spike length from 6.4 to 9.2 cm, number
of spikelets with seeds from 13.4 to 21.0, mean seed number per spike from 41.5 to 50.3 and thousand seed weight from 36.2
to 38.3 g. Based on rank analysis, we concluded that there was a synergistic relationship between allelopathic potential in
wheat and genetic, chemical and ecological factors. Triticum aestivum L. ‘No 6 Lankao’ and T. aestivum L. ‘No 22 Xiaoyan’ were identified as stable and relatively strong allelopathic accessions, whereas T. aestivum L. ‘Lankao 95–25’ was a stable but relatively weak allelopathic cultivar. Other varieties showed unstable allelopathic potential. 相似文献
16.
P. N. Sivalingam Dhurendra Singh Sarita Chauhan 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2012,59(2):305-316
Twenty two germplasm accessions of Cordia myxa were collected from Rajasthan and established at the field gene bank for conservation and evaluation. Morphological characterization
of 10 year-old trees for 17 traits indicated wide variations among the accessions tested. Higher number of flowers per cyme
was found in accession ACHM11 and higher pulp:stone ratio in AHCM25. Overall, AHCM22 was found to be a superior germplasm
line for most of the horticulturally useful traits among the accessions tested as it had higher percent of fruit set, pulp:stone
ratio and fruit weight. High significant positive correlation was obtained between leaf, fruit characters and pulp:stone ratio.
However, these characters were found to be negatively correlated with number of flowers per cyme. Out of 50 random decamer
primers used for random amplification (RAPD), 25 were polymorphic. Average polymorphism resolved by these markers among these
accessions was 69.8% with an average polymorphic information content of 0.43. Genetic diversity revealed by Jaccard’s co-efficient
was between 0.44 and 0.94, and three major clusters were identified among these accessions by phylogenetic analysis using
NTSYSpc-2.02e software. RAPD markers associated with leaf size and pulp:stone ratio were also identified. This study shows
the existence of high genetic diversity among these accessions. 相似文献
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18.
Elena Albrecht Dapeng Zhang Robert A. Saftner John R. Stommel 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2012,59(4):517-538
Capsicum baccatum is one of five domesticated pepper species which, despite its morphological and ecological variability, has been underexploited
for germplasm improvement. Utilizing a broad spectrum of domesticated and wild C. baccatum germplasm, we utilize AFLP markers to describe the species’ molecular diversity and population structure in the South American
gene pool. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed greater genetic diversity in the wild form of C. baccatum (C. baccatum var. baccatum) than in the domesticated form of the species (C. baccatum var. pendulum). Both Bayesian and distance based clustering analysis, as well as principal coordinates analysis (PCA), concordantly demonstrated
admixture/shared ancestry between wild and cultivated C. baccatum botanical varieties. Two principal genetic groups were identified in the domesticated C. baccatum accessions largely based on their geographic distribution in South America. One group was predominated by accessions from
the western territories of the species’ distribution (Peru, Colombia, Ecuador, Bolivia, Chile and northwestern Argentina)
and the second by accessions from the eastern regions, Paraguay and eastern Argentina). The two genetic groups overlapped
in the geographic location of present-day Bolivia. The grouping pattern suggested that C. baccatum was domesticated in multiple sites and that its evolution took two lineages followed by lineage differentiation. The wild
accessions most closely related to the cultigens were found in the highlands of Peru and Bolivia, which support the early
hypothesis that this region is one of the domestication sites of this species. A Bayesian assignment analysis demonstrated
that Brazilian wild forms of C. baccatum were genetically distant to all other accessions and made little to no contribution to the domesticated genepool. Moreover,
results of clustering analysis suggested that C. baccatum likely originated from present day Paraguay. Analysis of inter-specific relationships across selected Capsicum species supported independent lineages for the two crossability groups within Capsicum, the baccatum species-complex (including C. baccatum) and the annuum species-complex (including C. annuum, C. chinense and C. frutescens). However, the results did not support taxonomic distinction of C. baccatum var. umbilicatum from C. baccatum var. pendulum. The present study provides new insights into the domestication of C. baccatum. The results will be useful for identifying accessions for crop improvement and guiding the development of in situ and ex situ conservation programs. 相似文献
19.
Engin Ertan 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2007,54(4):691-699
The aim of this study is to characterize 10 European chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) accessions which were selected among 80 accessions at the end of a selection study in Nazilli in Turkey. During the
harvest periods in 2001, 2002 and 2003, European chestnut accessions were examined. Nineteen morphological, pomological and
biochemical characters were used. Significant genotype×year interaction were found for all traits but one. Multivariate methods,
including cluster and principal component analysis were performed to characterize the accessions. The first five principal
components account for 86.44% of the total variance of all traits, indicating a high degree of correlation among the characteristics
analyzed. High level of phenotypic proximity was found between the accessions N-20-2 and N-5-1 based on pomological, morphological
and biochemical characteristics. 相似文献
20.
Ten released varieties and one hundred and eleven tetraploid (2n = 4x = 28, AABB) wheat accessions collected from different major wheat producing regions, consisting of totally 2904 entries were
characterized for content of yellow pigment, gluten strength, thousand kernel weights, grain yield, percent of yellow berry,
glumes color, awn color, seed color, beak shape and spike density. The objectives were to assess variation with respect to
regions of origin, species and altitudinal classes and to study the interrelationships of the qualitative traits used for
the study. The accessions and/or released varieties showed significant regional variation for all the traits used in the study,
but clinal variation among altitudinal classes and species were significant (P ≤ 0.01) in 6 (60%) and 9 (90%) of the studied traits, respectively. The accessions revealed consistent variation (P ≤ 0.001) within both regions and altitudinal classes for all the traits used in the study. The sedimentation volume was positively
correlated with content of yellow pigment, percent of yellow berry, thousand kernel weights, glumes color, awn color, beak
shape, seed color and grain yield. The contents of yellow pigment was positively correlated with awn color, beak shape and
grain yield, but negatively correlated with seed color and spike density. Generally wide variation was found in the germplasm.
Particularly variation was high for the content of the yellow pigment as well as the gluten strength, which provides opportunities
to be utilized for genetic improvement. 相似文献