绿头鸭线粒体DNA控制区全序列测定及分析

用PCR产物直接测序法,获得5只绿头鸭线粒体DNA控制区(D-loop)全序列.序列分析显示:绿头鸭D-loop区全长为1051bp,碱基A、G、T、C含量分别为27.97%、15.51%、25.21%、31.30%,A+T含量大于C+G;共检测到11个多态位点,其中转换10个,颠换1个,没有发现插入和缺失,核苷酸多样度为0.0046.结合GenBank已公布河鸭属鸭类D-loop区序列,基于邻接法和最小进化法构建河鸭属鸭类系统进化树.结果表明,绿头鸭、斑嘴鸭及家鸭三者关系密切,它们共同构成进化枝A,推测在家鸭的形成过程中,绿头鸭和斑嘴鸭都作出了贡献;其它河鸭类聚为进化枝B.     

绿头鸭线粒体DNA控制区全序列测定及分析

用PCR产物直接测序法,获得5只绿头鸭线粒体DNA控制区(D-loop)全序列。序列分析显示:绿头鸭D-loop区全长为1051bp,碱基A、G、T、C含量分别为27.97%、15.51%、25.21%、31.30%,A+T含量大于C+G;共检测到11个多态位点,其中转换10个,颠换1个,没有发现插入和缺失,核苷酸多样度为0.0046。结合GenBank已公布河鸭属鸭类D-loop区序列,基于邻接法和最小进化法构建河鸭属鸭类系统进化树。结果表明,绿头鸭、斑嘴鸭及家鸭三者关系密切,它们共同构成进化枝A,推测在家鸭的形成过程中,绿头鸭和斑嘴鸭都作出了贡献;其它河鸭类聚为进化枝B。     

鸡组织细胞端粒相关序列的克隆及序列分析

根据真核细胞端粒DNA序列的共同特点，设计了一条引物（TELO02）（24nt)。按照TaKala克隆试剂盒的介绍方法，染色体基因组DNA经HaeⅢ和HinfⅠ两种限制性内切酶酶切后，先进行初级PCR（C1和TELO02）扩增，得到的产物为模板再经过次级PCR（C2和TELO2）扩增，得到的产物用试剂盒回收，并连接到PMD-18-T载体上，转化到JM109受体菌中，从阳性克隆中提取质粒DNA进行PCR和酶切鉴定，确认后进行序列测定，获得了一段243sbp的鸡端粒相关序列。此序列与人第7条染色体基因组末端序列的同源性为63.5%；与鼠端粒旁序列同源性为63.2%；而与MDV基因组序列的BamHⅠ酶切片段76.6%的同源。     

4种鼢鼠线粒体DNA D-loop区全序列分析

采用PCR测序技术对采自甘肃境内的4种鼢鼠22个个体的线粒体DAND-loop区全序列进行了测定。结果表明：鼢鼠线粒体DNAD-loop序列长度为893、894、895、896或899bp,核苷酸位点突变类型有5种,即转换、颠换、插入、缺失及转换与颠换共存。碱基转换以T〈=〉C形式为主。其中T、C、A、G4种核苷酸的平均比例分别为34．1％、24．3％、30．1％、11．5％,A＋T含量（64．2％）明显高于G＋C含量（35．8％）。这4种鼢鼠22条线粒体DNAD-loop区发现20种单倍型,单倍型比例为81．82％,说明中国鼢鼠mtDNA遗传多态性很丰富。从系统发育树分析,4种鼢鼠明显聚为两类,推测鼢鼠可能有两个起源。     

鸡Cacnals基因部分序列的克隆及分析

利用PCR方法首次克隆了鸡Cacnals基因5'一部分调控区和exon1共1 863bp的序列,该序列已提交GenBank,登录号为GQ184725.同源性比对发现,鸡Cacnals基因exon1与哺乳动物同源性较高,其核苷酸相似性在72.4%～77.0%,氨基酸相似性在66.0%～2.0%.鸡Cacnals基因exon1较哺乳动物插入了9个碱基,分别编码1个高疏水性的缬氨酸和2个高亲水性的天冬氨酸和赖氨酸.Cacnals基因部分序列的克隆,可为下一步在鸡上开展此基因与肉质和屠体性状的关联性研究奠定基础.     

鸡IL—2基因的克隆及序列测定

根据已发表的鸡白细胞介素－２（ＩＬ－２）基因序列设计引物,用ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ方法从新翅疫病毒感染的雏鸡脾淋巴细胞培养物中扩增出鸡的ＩＬ－２基因ｃＤＮＡ,并进行序列测定,为进一步表达鸡ＩＬ－２并深入研究其功能奠定了基础。     

鸡白细胞介素-17基因的克隆和序列分析

根据GenBank中收录的鸡白细胞介素-17（ChIL-17）基因的cDNA序列设计了1对特异性引物，以经ConA刺激3h的鸡脾淋巴细胞总RNA为模板，用RT-PCR方法成功克隆了ChIL-17的cDNA。该cDNA全长725bp，其中第2～508位是该基因的阅读框（ORF），共编码169个氨基酸。与已报道的序列相比较，二者核苷酸序列的同源性为99．6％（722／725），共有3个碱基发生变异，其中有2个变异位于阅读框之内。DNAssit软件分析表明，二者推导的氨基酸序列同源性为100％。同时，以鸡脾淋巴细胞DNA为模板，用PCR方法首次扩增获得了ChIL-17的基因组DNA序列，经序列分析，其序列全长1934bp，由2个内含子和3个外显子组成，3个外显子分别位于第2～27、569～815和1484～1720bp处。     

鸡α-干扰素基因的克隆与序列分析

试验采用反转录-聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)技术,从鸡脾淋巴细胞中扩增出鸡的α干扰素(ChIFN-α)基因,将包括ChIFN-α编码区的cDNA片段克隆到pMD 18-T载体中,并对该片段进行序列测定,序列分析表明克隆的ChIFN-α基因的开放阅读框(ORF)为582bp,与GenBank内已发表的ChIFN-α序列进行对比,同源性高达98.6%～99.8%。进一步分析各国家和地区上传至GenBank的ChIFN-α基因发现,ORF和编码的氨基酸长度一致,未见地域变化特征。     

基于线粒体DNA控制区(mtDNA D-loop)序列分析贵妃鸡的遗传多样性

采用PCR产物直接测序技术对30只贵妃鸡样品的线粒体DNA控制区(mtDNA D-loop)第Ⅰ高变区序列进行了分析。结果表明,在所分析的D-loop区部分序列中(520 bp),A、G、C、T平均含量分别为26.8%、13.0%、31.1%和29.1%;共发现13个核苷酸多态位点,均为转换位点,未检测到插入/缺失和颠换,核苷酸多样度(Pi)为0.0059,单倍型变异度(Hd)为0.538,中性检验Tajima’s D值为-0.67065。通过群体构建的NJ聚类图分子系统树发现,贵妃鸡起源于红原鸡。     

和田黑鸡mtDNA控制区D-Loop序列分析

试验旨在测定和田黑鸡mtDNA D-Loop序列,并分析其与其他5个品种鸡间的同源性及亲缘关系。结果发现,和田黑鸡mtDNA D-Loop序列全长为1230 bp,用DNAMAN软件进行序列比对,发现和田黑鸡与GenBank登录的5个品种鸡的同源性都在98%以上,测定样品mtDNA D-Loop核苷酸序列中富含A+T。聚类分析结果显示,和田黑鸡与丝羽乌骨鸡、红原鸡亲缘关系较近。     

五指山猪线粒体控制区序列分析及遗传多样性研究

为了研究五指山猪遗传多样性和系统地位,本研究采用PCR产物直接测序法得到55条五指山猪线粒体控制区(mtDNA D-Loop)全序列,并结合GenBank中发表的1条五指山猪mtDNA D-Loop全序列进行结构分析、遗传多样性研究及系统发育分析。结果发现,56条序列中出现21次保守区变异,即"TTATAAAACAC"序列重复,共定义13个单倍型,发现14个变异位点,单倍型多样度(Hd)和核苷酸多样度(Pi)分别为0.838和0.00334,表明五指山猪遗传多样性较丰富。五指山猪线粒体控制区序列构建的系统发育树和Network网络分析呈现两大分支,推测有两个母系起源,且与GenBank中其他23个猪种的聚类结果表明,五指山猪与长江流域以南地区的猪种有着较近的亲缘关系。     

Complete Mitochondrial DNA D-Loop Sequence and Genetic Diversity of Wuzhishan Pig

In order to research the genetic diversity and phylogenies of Wuzhishan pig, 56 complete mtDNA D-Loop were analyzed.55 sequences were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and 1 sequence was downloaded from GenBank.The results showed that repetitive sequence "TTATAAAACAC" appeared in the conservative regions of 21 mtDNA D-Loop sequences.13 haplotypes and 14 variable sites were observed in 56 sequences.Haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity (Hd =0.838 and Pi=0.00334) indicated that Wuzhishan pig had high genetic diversity.Two branches in the phylogenetic tree and Network analysis diagram indicated that there were two maternal origins in Wuzhishan pig.The phylogenetic tree of Wuzhishan pig and other 23 species showed that Wuzhishan pig had close genetic relationship with the pig breeds in the south region of the Yangtze river.     

芦花鸡线粒体DNA D-loop区部分片段的克隆及分析

采集芦花鸡血液分离血细胞,成功提取了线料体DNA,并通过PCR反应扩增出了D-Loop区高变区序列.测序后发现,芦花鸡线粒体DNA D-Loop区高变区序列长590 bp,A、T碱基含量占56.1%,G、C碱基含量占43.9%.     

Study on Genetic Diversity and System Evolution of mtDNA D-Loop Region in Xianglushan Chicken

This study was aimed to analyze the genetic diversity and phylogenetic evolution in Xianglushan chicken.The full-length sequences of mitochondrial DNA D-Loop (mtDNA D-Loop) region of 121 Xianglushan chickens were analyzed by PCR amplification combined with bidirectional sequencing,and the composition,variation and maternal origin of mtDNA D-Loop region were discussed.The results showed that the total length of mtDNA D-Loop region in Xianglushan chicken was 1 231-1 233 bp.The contents of A,T,C and G were 26.62%,33.55%,26.49% and 13.34%,respectively.The content of T was the highest,the content of G was the lowest,and the content of A+T was significantly higher than that of G+C,it indicated that region might have certain base hobbies.Analysis of 121 full-length sequences were found to coexist in 11 haplotypes and 26 mutation sites,of which 2 were single polymorphic information sites,24 were simple information sites,4 bases were inserted and 2 bases were missing.The genetic diversity analysis results showed that the haplotype diversity was 0.814,the nucleotide diversity was 0.00447,the average nucleic acid difference was 5.494,which indicated that the genetic diversity of Xianglushan chicken was relatively rich,the effect of preservation was better,which had a certain breeding space.Tajima's D was 0.39378 and the test results were not significant (P>0.10),in line with neutral mutations.The cluster analysis results showed that Xianglushan chicken and Gallus gallus gathered as one,indicating that Xianglushan chicken originated from Gallus gallus, and there were 4 branches inside the branch,indicating that Xianglushan chicken had many matrilineal origins.The results could provide some reference data for the protection and exploitation of pheasant germplasm resources in Xianglushan chicken.     

四川草科IL-15 cDNA的克隆与序列分析

根据GenBank上登录的鸡白介素15（IL-15）基因序列,设计合成一对特异性引物,以ConA诱导的鸡脾淋巴细胞提取的总RNA为模板进行RT—PCR扩增,并克隆到pMD18-T载体测序。测序结果表明,四川草科鸡IL-15开放阅读框（ORF）由564个核苷酸组成,编码187个氨基酸,与GenBank中公布的鸡白介素15基因进行比较,核苷酸和氨基酸同源性为98．6％-99．5％。生物信息学分析表明,该基因编码的蛋白具有亲水性,有很强的抗原性,共有3个潜在的N-糖基化位点,可能存在3个蛋白激酶C磷酸化位点,存在2个酪蛋白激酶Ⅱ磷酸化位点。     

固原鸡三个类群遗传多态性研究

研究利用微卫星标记从3个位点对宁夏固原鸡白羽、黑羽和麻羽3个类群的遗传多态性进行了研究。结果表明,经X2检验3个位点均处于平衡状态,说明目前对固原鸡的选择压力是合理而适中,群体内近交程度相对适度。平均杂合度在3个类群中分别为:黑乌鸡为0.7216,白乌鸡为0.6504,麻乌鸡为0.6300;固原黑乌鸡的多态信息含量为0.6705,固原白乌鸡为0.6506,固原麻乌鸡相对较低为0.5315,各类群的杂合度和多态信息含量都相对较高,说明固原鸡3个类群的遗传变异较大,具有丰富的遗传多样性及丰富的遗传资源,有待于进一步的开发利用,是未来乌鸡育种的良好素材。     

略阳乌鸡线粒体DNA控制区(D-loop)的遗传多样性分析

为了研究略阳乌鸡线粒体DNA控制区（mtDNA D-loop）的遗传多样性和起源,本研究对30只略阳乌鸡样品的mtDNA D-loop全序列进行了PCR扩增和测序,结合GenBank中公布的其他鸡的D-loop区序列,分析略阳乌鸡线粒体多态性及其起源。结果表明,略阳乌鸡mtDNA D-loop区全序列中,A、C、G、T平均含量分别为26.6%、26.6%、13.4%和33.4%,26个核苷酸多态位点均为转换位点,核苷酸多样度（Pi）为0.00705,单倍型变异度（Hd）为1.000,中性检验Tajima's D值为-0.47272。通过群体构建的系统进化树发现,略阳乌鸡样品在系统进化树上聚为4大分支。研究结果表明,略阳乌鸡群体内个体序列变异程度较大,遗传多样性丰富,揭示略阳乌鸡在遗传组成上具有4个母系来源。     

Genetic Diversity of Lueyang Black-bone Chicken Based on Mitochondrial DNA D-loop Region Sequence

This study was aimed to assess mitochondrial DNA D-loop sequence diversity and origin of Lueyang Black-bone chicken.The mtDNA D-loop sequence of 30 individuals from Lueyang Black-bone chicken were amplified by PCR and subsequently sequenced.The mtDNA D-loop sequence of other chicken were collected from GenBank and used as reference sequences to analyze the diversity and origin of Lueyang Black-bone chicken.The results revealed that the average values of base composition of A,C,G and T in mtDNA D-loop the sequence of Lueyang Black-bone chicken were 26.6%,26.6%,13.4% and 33.4%,respectively.26 nucleotide polymorphic sites were transition.The average nucleotide diversity (Pi) of the sites and haplotype diversity (Hd) were 0.00705 and 1.000,and the value of Tajima's D was -0.47272.Phylogenetic tree showed that samples were clusted in 4 clades. In the research, it could be concluded that the genetic diversity was relatively rich and wealthy and there were 4 maternal origins to Lueyang Black-bone chicken population.