沙葱和油籽对羊肉中CLA和PUFA含量的影响

试验旨在通过研究沙葱和油籽对羊肉中CLA和PUFA含量的影响,为沙葱和油籽用于羊肉品质的改善提供参考。试验选用28只蒙古羯羊,采用完全区组试验设计分4组,试验组分别为精料中添加4%沙葱、三种油籽(8%胡麻+2%向日葵籽+2%线麻籽)及4%沙葱+油籽(8%胡麻+2%向日葵籽+2%线麻籽),对照组饲喂基础日粮。研究结果显示:三个试验组均有提高体脂和肌内脂PUFA比例的趋势(P>0.05);添加4%沙葱+三种油籽可显著提高肾脂、体脂CLA的含量(P<0.05),沙葱组和油籽组均有提高肾脂、肌内脂、体脂CLA含量的趋势(P>0.05);三个试验组均可使有利人体健康的脂肪酸含量提高,改善肉的品质,其中沙葱+油籽组效果最佳。     

沙葱和油籽对羊肉脂肪酸组成的影响

在肉羊的舍饲和半舍饲生产中若不实行科学饲养,将导致肉品质下降.所以,有效的肉品和风味改善剂的开发和研制将会成为本世纪营养学与饮料科学研究的热点.目前,国内羊肉品质改善方面的研究主要在改变饮料精粗比、饲喂脂肪酸、减少应激反应或屠宰后的再加工等方面;而通过饲喂添加剂改善肉品质的研究刚刚起步.用沙葱来改变肉品品质的报道很少,特别是与油籽共同饲喂的研究尚无报道.     

日粮中添加整粒油籽对绵羊体脂脂肪酸组成的影响

日粮中分别添加相当于40 g粗脂肪的油菜籽(canola)、油葵籽、红花籽和亚麻籽,饲喂成年母羊35 d后屠宰,用气相色谱技术测定了背最长肌、尾部、背膘和肾脏4个部位脂肪的脂肪酸(FA)组成,结果表明:1)红花籽可显著降低肌肉中的短链、长链饱和脂肪酸及总饱和脂肪酸(SFA)的比例,而增加单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)和总不饱和脂肪酸(UFA)的比例,而添加油菜籽对肌肉的FA无显著影响;2)油葵显著降低了尾部短链和中链脂肪酸,提高了多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)与SFA的比值(P:S),油菜籽可显著降低尾部短链脂肪酸;3)添加亚麻籽有增加所有组织UFA和P:S值,降低SFA的趋势,但只有背膘脂肪中的PUFA显著增高;4)各类油籽对脂肪组织中的总SFA和MUFA无明显影响,其中肾脏脂肪受影响最小.     

不同盐碱化草地披碱草对绵羊瘤胃营养物质降解率的影响

为了研究不同盐碱化草地披碱草对绵羊瘤胃营养物质降解率的影响,选用不同年龄、不同体重、装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的公绵羊9只进行了试验。试验采用随机区组设计,分为3组,每组3个重复,研究轻度、中度和重度盐碱化草地披碱草对绵羊瘤胃营养物质降解率的影响。试验结果表明,不同程度(轻、中和重)盐碱地披碱草CP、DM瘤胃有效降解率都呈上升趋势,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。     

四种油籽原料对团头鲂(Megalobrama amblycephala)生长的影响

本试验初步探讨4种油籽原料在2个油脂水平(1.5%和3.0%)下对团头鲂存活率、生长速度、饲料效率、形体指标、内脏指数以及鱼体成分的影响.选用初均重(9.00±0.73)g的团头鲂405尾,随机分为9组、每组3个重复,每个重复15尾鱼,分别饲喂以1.5%豆油为对照和以大豆,油菜籽、花生和油葵4种油籽原料为油源,1.5%、3.0%2个油脂水平的9种日粮,试验期为102 d.结果显示:(1)与对照组相比,添加量为1.5%油脂水平下,大豆组、花生组和油葵组特定生长率升高了11.54%(P<0.05),14.42%(P<0.05)和11.54%(P<0.05);蛋白质效率升高了7.69%,12.31%和10.00%,但差异不显著(P>0.05);饲料系数降低了11.19%,12.64%和6.86%,但差异不显著(P>0.05).添加量为3.0%油脂水平下,花生组特定生长率提高了19.23%;蛋白质效率增加了17.69%;饲料系数相对降低了17.69%.(2)同种油籽原料添加量在2个油脂水平(1.5%,3.0%)之间比较,花生组油籽添加量3.0%油脂水平较1.5%油脂水平特定生长率由1.19%/d增加到1.24%/d;蛋白质效率从1.46%升高到1.53%;饲料系数从2.42降低到2.28.(3)4种油籽原料在肥满度、肌肉中脂肪和蛋白质含量方面差异不显著.以上结果表明:(1)油籽原料添加量为1.5%油脂水平,大豆组、花生组和油葵组养殖效果较对照组好,可以作为饲料油脂原料,(2)油籽原料添加量提高到3.0%油脂水平时,花生组养殖效果进一步提高,大豆组和油葵组养殖效果下降,油菜籽组变化不明显.     

绵羊血浆中多拉菌素的高效液相色谱检测

本试验建立了绵羊血浆中多拉菌素的荧光高效液相色谱(HPLC)检测法。用乙腈作为血浆中蛋白质的沉淀剂和多拉菌素的提取剂,离心后取上清液用旋转真空蒸发器挥干溶剂,用5%乙腈-水溶解残渣后用ODS-C18固相萃取法对提取的多拉菌素进行纯化。用氮气在60℃沙浴中对提取和纯化后的多拉菌素进行干燥。在无水条件下,用三氟乙酸酐和N-甲基咪唑作荧光衍生化试剂,在常温避光条件下对多拉菌素进行荧光衍生化。用荧光HPLC进行检测,检测条件:流动相为无水甲醇,流速1.0 mL/min,激发波长365 nm,发射波长475 nm,进样量20μL,柱温为20℃。结果表明,本方法的检测限为0.1 ng/mL,在1¹00 ng/mL血浆浓度范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系;样品的回收率为89.5%100 ng/mL血浆浓度范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系;样品的回收率为89.5%⁹5.67%;不同浓度水平的日内变异系数和日间变异系数分别小于4%和5%。结果显示,本方法样品提取、纯化和衍生化过程准确、灵敏度高、干扰少、重复性好。     

整粒油籽对舍饲成年母羊肉品质和生产性能的影响

日粮中分别添加相当于40 g粗脂肪的油菜籽Brassica napus、油葵籽Helianthus annuus 、红花籽Carthamus tinctorius和亚麻籽Linum usitatissimum,饲喂成年母羊35 d,结果表明:添加上述油料籽实对绵羊的胴体品质和肉质特性没有不良影响;从生产性能和经济效益考虑,添加油菜籽效果较好,其次为胡麻籽,而添加红花籽效益最差.     

沙葱提取物对绵羊消化道乳酸菌产共轭亚油酸(CLA)含量的影响

本文选择了4只瘘管蒙古羯羊,通过在绵羊日粮中添加沙葱提取物,采集瘤胃液和食糜,分离和筛选乳酸菌,添加亚油酸培养来研究沙葱提取物对绵羊消化道乳酸菌产共轭亚油酸(CLA)含量的影响。结果表明,沙葱提取物显著提高绵羊瘤胃和十二指肠中乳酸菌的数量和CLA的含量,且十二指肠中的大于瘤胃中的。这为进一步调控绵羊瘤胃内环境,提高羊肉中CLA含量打下基础。     

稀释率对新型固液气分流式瘤胃模拟系统发酵效果的影响

本试验旨在研究稀释率对新型固液气分流式瘤胃模拟系统发酵效果的影响.采用单因子完全随机试验设计,共设4个处理,各处理稀释率分别为6％/h、8％/h、10％/h、12％/h,每个处理3个重复,每个重复1个发酵罐.试验期10 d.结果表明:随着稀释率的提高,发酵液pH极显著提高(P＜0.01),而氨态氮(NH3-N)浓度则极显著降低(P＜0.01).稀释率由6％/h上升到10％/h,总挥发性脂肪酸(TVFA)及戊酸浓度极显著下降(P＜0.01).稀释率从6％/h提高到8％/h时,原虫数量极显著提高了6.91％ (P ＜0.01),但当稀释率从8％/h提高到12％/h时,原虫数量却极显著下降了5.18％ (P ＜0.01).随着稀释率从6％/h增加到10％/h,木聚糖酶活性(P＜0.01)及微生物蛋白质(MCP)产量(P＜0.05)显著或极显著降低,粗蛋白质体外消失率极显著升高(P＜0.01).稀释率为10％/h和12％/h的2个处理,中性洗涤纤维体外消失率显著高于另外2个处理(P＜0.05).结果提示,稀释率能够影响新型固液气分流式瘤胃模拟系统的发酵情况,稀释率为8％/h时,原虫数量以及纤维素类酶活性、各瘤胃发酵参数更加有利于发酵,因此可推荐作为本系统最优运行条件.     

沙葱和油料籽实对绵羊消化代谢的影响

沙葱是内蒙古草原生长量大且为羊喜食的牧草,可以显著改善羊肉中脂肪酸组成并改善羊肉风味。提高羊的日增重。但是,添加沙葱对绵羊消化代谢的影响目前尚无人报道。     

沙葱、地椒和大蒜素对绵羊体增重效果的影响

试验选用 5月龄、体重相近的细毛羊×本地羊杂交后代育成羊 30只 ,随机分成 10组 ,1组为对照组、其余 9个试验组分 3个大组 ,分别饲喂 3个水平的沙葱、地椒冻干粉和大蒜素。试验结果证明 ,2 5 %大蒜素的最佳饲喂水平为 1.3～ 1.5g/ (只·d) ,地椒的最佳饲喂水平为 14～18g/ (只·d) ,沙葱的最佳饲喂水平为 15～ 17.5g/ (只·d) (按干物质计算 )。     

沙葱和油料籽实对羊肉品质常规指标的影响

试验旨在研究沙葱和油料籽实对羊肉品质常规指标的影响,为绵羊的饲养提供科学依据。试验选用28只蒙古羯羊,采用完全区组试验设计,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组分别添加4%沙葱、3种油料籽实组合(8%胡麻籽+2%向日葵籽+2%线麻籽)及4%沙葱+3种油料籽实组合(4%沙葱+8%胡麻籽+2%向日葵籽+2%线麻籽)。研究结果表明,沙葱组使背最长肌的黄色程度显著下降(P<0.05);3个试验组均使臀中肌的红色显著下降(P<0.05),使背最长肌红色程度有增高的趋势(P>0.05);沙葱+油料籽实组可使背最长肌黄色、亮度及臀中肌的亮度有增高的趋势(P>0.05)。3个试验组与对照组相比,蛋白质的含量显著提高(P<0.05),剪切力显著下降(P<0.05),骨肉比和脂肪含量有下降的趋势(P>0.05),屠宰率和熟肉率有增高的趋势(P>0.05)。总之,添加沙葱、油料籽实或其组合使肉的嫩度和蛋白质含量提高,品质得到改善,且组合作用效果最佳;添加沙葱+油料籽实组在改善肉的色泽上效果最好。     

沙葱及其提取物对肉羊瘤胃微生物区系和瘤胃液消化酶活性的影响

文章旨在研究饲粮中添加沙葱及其提取物对肉羊瘤胃微生物菌群及瘤胃液消化酶活性的影响。试验选用24只体重为(37.1±0.5) kg的杜寒杂交(小尾寒羊♀×杜泊羊♂)F1代,随机分为4组,每组6个重复。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,沙葱组在基础饲粮中添加10 g/(d·只)沙葱粉,水溶组在基础饲粮中添加3.4 g/(d·只)沙葱水溶性提取物,脂溶组在基础饲粮中添加2.8 g/(d·只)沙葱脂溶性提取物。试验共75 d,其中预试期15 d,正试期60 d;在正饲期内每隔30 d于晨饲后2 h采集瘤胃液测定瘤胃微生物菌群和相关消化酶活性。结果表明:①与对照组相比,在30 d和60 d时,饲粮中添加沙葱及其提取物显著提高(P<0.05)瘤胃液总细菌含量;在60 d时,添加沙葱水溶性提取物显著提高(P<0.05)瘤胃液总厌氧真菌含量;在60 d时,添加沙葱显著降低(P<0.05)瘤胃液原虫含量;对各处理组牛链球菌和普雷沃氏菌没有显著影响(P>0.05)。②与对照组相比,在30 d和60 d时,饲粮中添加沙葱及其提取物能显著提高木聚糖酶活性和脂肪酶活性(P<0.05);在60 d时,添加沙葱及其提取物显著提高滤纸纤维素酶活性(P<0.05);在60 d时,饲粮中添加沙葱水溶性提取物显著提高β-葡萄糖苷酶活性(P<0.05)。在30 d和60 d时,添加沙葱及其提取物显著提高瘤胃内淀粉酶活性(P<0.05)。综上所述,沙葱及其提取物能够提高细菌和厌氧真菌的数量,降低原虫的数量而影响瘤胃微生物区系,且能够有效提高相关消化酶的活性。     

Effects of Allium mongolicum Regel supplementation on the digestibility,methane production,and antioxidant capacity of Simmental calves in northwest China

This study evaluated the effects of Allium mongolicum Regel (AM) supplementation on nitrogen (N) balance, ruminal fermentation, and antioxidant properties. Sixteen male calves were assigned randomly to four groups, and the four were added with 0 (CON), 200 mg/kg (body weight; BW) (Low AM; LA), 400 mg/kg (BW) (Middle AM; MA), or 800 mg/kg (BW) (High AM; HA) per day for each individual. AM was added on dry matter (DM) basis. The experiment lasted for 58 days. Supplementation of AM could significantly increase average daily gain, DM digestibility, acid detergent fiber digestibility, and retained N/Intake N. N digestibility and molar proportion of propionate in the MA and HA treatments were higher than that in the CON treatment (p < .05), respectively. AM supplementation significantly increased the molar concentration of total volatile fatty acid in the rumen fluid (p < .05). The ratio of acetate to propionate in the MA and HA groups was lower than that in the CON treatment (p < .05). Furthermore, AM supplementation significantly reduced methane (CH₄) (p < .05) emissions. AM supplementation significantly increased the activities of superoxide dismutase. The MA group could significantly increase the activities of glutathione peroxidase and decrease the content of malondialdehyde. Our results indicated that AM supplementation could affect the nutrient digestibility, CH₄ emission, and antioxidant capacity of Simmental calves.     

Voluntary intake, gain, digestibility, rate of passage and gastrointestinal tract fill in tropical and temperate breeds of sheep

In trial 1, Coastal bermudagrass pellets were fed for 63 d to 21 growing rams of Barbados Blackbelly (B), Dorset (D) and Blackbelly X Dorset (B X D) breeding to determine the effect of breed on voluntary intake (VI) and total gain. Initially, each breed group consisted of seven rams with mean weights of 18.6, 31.0 and 26.4 kg, respectively. At the end of the intake and growth phase, digestibility, rate of passage and gastrointestinal tract (GIT) fill were determined. Chromium-mordanted fiber was used as a particle phase marker. Intakes during the digestibility-marker phase averaged 75% of the VI determined in the intake and growth phase. Breeds did not differ in VI, total gain or digestibilities of dry matter (DM) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF). Apparent crude protein (CP) digestibility was approximately 3 percentage units higher (P less than .10) for B X D than for B or D rams. Rate of passage was faster (P less than .05) for B X D rams than for the other breed groups, while D rams were intermediate. Total mean retention time (MRT) was shorter (P less than .05) for B X D rams compared with the other breed groups. Ruminal retention time (RRT) was shorter (P less than .05) and GIT fill was less (P less than .10) for D and B X D than for B rams. In trial 2, chopped orchardgrass-alfalfa hay was fed for 26 d to 19 of the same rams used in trial 1. Breed, number of rams and initial weights (kg) were: B, 5, 25.6; D, 7, 39.4; B X D, 7, 35.0.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Rate of passage of a non-traditional diet through the digestive tract in sheep

The rate of passage of experimental diets based on non-conventional feeds through the alimentary tract of rams was studied. The composition of diets was as follows: barley straw (D-2, D-1), conditioned beech sawdust (D-2, D-1), waste cellulose fibre (D-2, D-1), lactosylureide (D-2), peanut waste (D-2), urea (D-1), wood molasses (D-2, D-1) and mineral supplement (D-2, W-1). The control feed (K) contained straw, barley, beet molasses and mineral supplement. As a marker was used a single application (50 g) of polyethylene (PE), particle size 0.4 mm and specific weight 0.924, which formed 3.9, 3.5 and 4% of the diet dry matter. After 10 days the recovery of polyethylene amounting to 81.23% (D-2), 84.78% (D-1) and 86.6% (K) was established. The polyethylene losses occurred most probably at its administration in feed (10-12%), elapsing of polyethylene excreted after 10 days following the administration (0.5-1.5%) and by potential retention in rumen and large intestine. Maximal excretion of feces was observed during the second day after administration of the markered feed; after three days the excretion was as follows: group D-2-62%, group D-1-57% and control group 75.6%. A longer retention time in rumen at feeding D-2 and D-1 diets can be contributed to a high content of fibre in these diets. The digestibility of dry matter in diet D-2 amounted to 61.2%, i n diet D-1 to 62.3% and in control diet to 68.7%. Higher digestibility of feed is in accordance with its higher excreting. As shown by the results, the diets based on non-conventional feeds (secondary wood sources) lead to the prolongation of feed retention time in rumen and slow down the rate of passage through the alimentary tract.     

沙葱多糖对绵羊外周血淋巴细胞的调节作用研究

试验研究沙葱多糖（Allium mongolicum regel polysaccharides）对绵羊外周血淋巴细胞增殖及一氧化氮（NO）、诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)的影响。试验设置不同浓度（0~250μg/ml）的沙葱多糖和不同的作用时间（24、48、72 h）,以MTT比色法检测淋巴细胞增殖;以培养24 h的绵羊外周血淋巴细胞为研究对象,以微板法、硝酸还原酶法分别测定NO及iNOS。结果表明,沙葱多糖浓度为50~100μg/ml时抑制淋巴细胞的增殖,当浓度为150~250μg/ml时促进淋巴细胞的增殖,且作用时间为24 h时增殖效果最强。较低浓度的沙葱多糖（50~100μg/ml）抑制淋巴细胞分泌NO,随着浓度的加大,NO分泌量增加。沙葱多糖对淋巴细胞内iNOS 活性没有显著影响（P>0.05）。因此,沙葱多糖能够影响淋巴细胞的增殖,释放 NO 及 iNOS,并且呈现量效和时效关系,说明沙葱多糖对绵羊外周血淋巴细胞具有免疫调节作用。     

刈割次数对沙葱生长发育特性及根部贮藏物质积累的影响

以沙葱(Allium mongolicum Regel)为试材,通过研究人工播种后刈割次数对其生长发育特性及根部贮藏物质积累及产量的影响,为沙葱适宜刈割次数及适宜刈割时期的确定提供理论依据及实践指导。结果表明:随着刈割次数的增加,沙葱叶鲜重、干重及根鲜重、干重呈降低趋势(P<0.05);其地下部根长、根数、分蘖数及鳞茎直径也有不同程度的降低趋势(P<0.05);但根系中蛋白质呈增加趋势(P<0.01),可溶性糖含量呈先升高后降低的趋势,淀粉含量则先降低后逐渐升高;刈割1次的第2年抽薹率和抽薹数显著高于其他处理(P<0.01),但与对照差异不显著。沙葱当年和第2年的总产量均以年内刈割3次(处理Ⅲ)最大,分别为3192 kg·hm^-2和22266 kg·hm^-2,各处理单茬产量则随刈割次数的增加而降低。