Correction

The International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature desires to draw attention to an error in the material it recently issued with respect to proposals submitted to the Commission for the suspension of the Règles Internationales (Science, November 21, 1947, pp. 487-488). On page 488 (item 11), it was erroneously stated that one of the proposals was for the validation of the name Raphistoma Rafinesque, 1815 (Pisces). The application in question was, in fact, that the Commission should suppress the above name and validate the name Raphistoma Hall, 1847 (Gastropoda). The Commission greatly regrets any inconvenience which may have been caused by the erroneous entry referred to above. (FRANCIS HEMMING, secretary to the Commission.).     

Hearing sensitivity in bats

Absolute hearing thresholds for two bats were determined by an operant conditioning technique. Pure tones rangingFrom 2.5 to 100 kilocycles per second were perceived by a single Eptesicus fuscus. Its maximum sensitivity was on the order of 68 decibles below 1 dyne per square centimeter and occurred at 20 kc/ sec. Maximum sensitivity for a single Myotis lucifugus was about 64 db below 1 dyne/ cm2 and occurred at 40 kc/ sec. The Myotis clearly heard a tone of120 kc/ sec but gave no evidence of hearing below 10 kc/ sec.     

西北军政委员会与建国初期的西北农林建设

西北军政委员会是新中国成立初期设立于西北的最高政权机关,虽然它主要是为实施军事管制、建立政治社会秩序而设立的,但是作为军政合一的政权组织。西北军政委员会在建国初期,为挽救西北地区破败的农业经济,无论是对该区农业经济、还是与之相辅相成的林业经济发展,都提出了诸多的保障措施,并制定了一系列有利于农林经济发展的方针政策,在为建国初期的西北农林建设和发展做出了积极而有力的贡献的同时,也为长远的西北农林业的发展打下了良好基础。     

Reagan alters makeup of ethics panel

Biographical sketches are provided for the Reagan appointees to the President's Commission for the Study of Ethical Problems in Medicine and Biomedical and Behavioral Research. Although the Reagan appointees tend to have strong Republican Party ties, their opinions diverge on bioethical issues such as abortion. The President's Commission, currently scheduled for termination at the end of 1982, is involved in writing reports on sustaining the lives of the terminally ill, genetic screening, informed consent, genetic engineering, and access to health care.     

听证制度与公平博弈规则

听证制度是一种利益博弈的民主实践。由于我国的听证制度尚处于初创阶段,在制度本身和程序设计上均存在着诸多不利于公平博弈的东西。本文从分析听证程序的五个环节:听证依据、听证召集、听证参与、听证过程及听证反馈入手,论述当前我国听证制度中存在的影响公平博弈的问题,进而提出完善我国听证制度的对策与建议,力求实现多方博弈的利益均衡。     

Space research: at a crossroads

The current state and future directions of the U.S. space-science program are assessed in the wake of the Challenger accident, the Gramm-Rudman-Hollings budget reduction act, and the report of the National Commission on Space. A renewed emphasis on moderate-scale, quickresponse missions will be of special importance for scientific progress and will compensate in part for the postponement of most major space missions. Satellites and manned space stations in Earth orbit, along with unmanned planetary missions, will continue to be the dominant elements in the space program. Future progress and the continuation of U.S. leadership depend on the vitality of U.S. space research.     

七星河国家级自然保护区管理有效性评价

从国内外相关研究的成果入手,应用世界保护区委员会(WCPA)提出的自然保护区管理有效性评估框架的理论,通过实地考察和问卷调查的方法收集了七星河自然保护区的各个管理过程的信息,从管理有效性评价的背景、规划、投入、过程、产出和结果5个方面对七星河国家级自然保护区管理的有效性进行了评价.七星河国家级自然保护区管理有效性评价的总得分为77.8分,说明七星河国家级保护区总体的管理水平处于良好状态.     

Control of crystal size and lattice formation by starmaker in otolith biomineralization

The stone-like otoliths from the ears of teleost fishes are involved in balance and hearing and consist of calcium carbonate crystallites embedded in a protein framework. We report that a previously unknown gene, starmaker, is required in zebrafish for otolith morphogenesis. Reduction of starmaker activity by injection of modified antisense oligonucleotides causes a change in the crystal lattice structure and thus a change in otolith morphology. The expression pattern of starmaker, along with the presence of the protein on the growing otolith, suggest that the expression levels of starmaker control the shape of the otoliths.     

NompC TRP channel required for vertebrate sensory hair cell mechanotransduction

The senses of hearing and balance in vertebrates rely on the sensory hair cells (HCs) of the inner ear. The central element of the HC's transduction apparatus is a mechanically gated ion channel of unknown identity. Here we report that the zebrafish ortholog of Drosophila no mechanoreceptor potential C (nompC), which encodes a transient receptor potential (TRP) channel, is critical for HC mechanotransduction. In zebrafish larvae, nompC is selectively expressed in sensory HCs. Morpholino-mediated removal of nompC function eliminated transduction-dependent endocytosis and electrical responses in HCs, resulting in larval deafness and imbalance. These observations indicate that nompC encodes a vertebrate HC mechanotransduction channel.     

对完善地方立法听证程序的思考

我国的地方立法听证实践正处于制度建构的初级阶段,许多地方人大对立法听证活动进行了有益的探索,在理论和实践方面取得了一些进展,积累了一些有益的经验,但无论在法律的定位上还是实际操作过程中都还存在许多问题,针对立法听证实践中存在的各种问题,当前有必要进一步加强对立法听证制度的构建,以便使这一制度更趋完善,更具实效。     

我国行政听证制度缺失要说

一个正式的行政听证程序,必须要有完备的制度体系,而我国行政听证制度体系很不健全.本文主要选取行政听证的范围、物质保障制度、听证主持人制度、行政听证监督制度、听证笔录效力制度进行剖析,并提出了自己的立法建议.     

Ethics panel faces the ax

The President's Commission for the Study of Ethical Problems in Medicine and Biomedical and Behavioral Research, scheduled to go out of business on 31 December 1982, requested a three-month extension of its life to complete several reports. This brief news item reports that the requested extension was added as an amendment to a budget bill by the Senate but then stripped from the bill by a House-Senate conference committee.     

颅息穴注射甲泼尼龙治疗突发性聋的疗效观察

目的 观察颅息穴穴位注射甲泼尼龙琥珀酸钠治疗突发性聋的临床疗效,明确其对突发性聋的治疗作用,以期找到一种更为简便、有效、安全的激素给药途径。方法 将80例突发性聋患者分成两组,治疗组40例,选取颅息穴,穴位注射甲泼尼龙琥珀酸钠0.5 mL,隔日1次,共5次;对照组40例,鼓室注射甲泼尼龙琥珀酸钠1 mL,隔日1次,共5次。比较两组患者治疗前后受损频率改善情况。结果 治疗后,两组轻度、中度、中重度/重度耳聋患者总有效率比较,差异无统计学意义（P=0.77、0.81、0.51,均>0.05）。整体来说,颅息穴组总有效率为62.5%,鼓室组总有效率为72.5%,两组总有效率比较差异亦无统计学意义（P=0.34,P>0.05）。结论 颅息穴穴位注射甲泼尼龙琥珀酸钠治疗突发性聋临床疗效确切,与鼓室注射甲强龙治疗突发性聋的疗效无明显差别,且风险较小,值得临床推广。     

晋中市部分蔬菜中重金属含量及其健康风险

为研究蔬菜重金属污染状况和蔬菜安全水平,对晋中市10种蔬菜中Hg、Pb、Cd、Cr、As等5种重金属元素的含量进行了测定，并参照国际放射防护委员会（ICRP）给出的限定值为标准，对重金属含量超标的蔬菜进行了健康风险评价。结果表明：晋中市部分蔬菜中铅含量超过国家限定值（GB 18406.1-2001），风险评价结果表明存在Pb污染的蔬菜对人体的健康风险为1.271×10-7·a-1，低于国际放射防护委员会ICPR标准，表明食用蔬菜所引起的健康风险甚微,不会对暴露人群构成明显的危害。     

自体耳屏软骨-软骨膜复合移植鼓室成形术50例

目的 :了解自体耳屏软骨 -软骨膜复合移植在鼓室成形术中的可行性和应用前景。方法 :利用自体耳屏软骨 -软骨膜复合移植修补鼓膜穿孔、上鼓室外侧壁、耳道后壁鼓室成形术 50例。结果 :50例中 47例移植物成活 ,成功率为 94% ;术后 6个月语言频率气骨导间距≤ 1 0 d BHL 2 7例 ,占 55.1 % ;气骨导间距≤ 2 0 d BHL 41例 ,占 83.7% ;气导平均提高 2 2 d BHL。术后 6个月至 4 a随访 ,未发现听力回降及鼓膜回缩。结论 :自体耳屏软骨 -软骨膜复合移植鼓室成形术后听力改善明显 ,移植易成活。移植物中软骨的弹性和硬度不影响术后听力提高 ,且对术后鼓膜有一定的支撑作用 ,因而对防止术后鼓膜回缩、听骨粘连 ,提高鼓室成形术远期效果有一定作用     

CALL TO ARMS: Diversity: Easier Said Than Done

On 13 July the congressionally mandated Commission on the Advancement of Women and Minorities in Science, Engineering, and Technology Development issued a set of recommendations that included a call to make the U.S. scientific workforce reflect the overall employment pool. But whether these latest efforts will be sufficient to create a diverse talent pool is not at all clear; translating similar words into deeds in the past has proven to be quite difficult.     

Regeneration of sensory hair cells after acoustic trauma

Any loss of cochlear hair cells has been presumed to result in a permanent hearing deficit because the production of these cells normally ceases before birth. However, after acoustic trauma, injured sensory cells in the mature cochlea of the chicken are replaced. New cells appear to be produced by mitosis of supporting cells that survive at the lesion site and do not divide in the absence of trauma. This trauma-induced division of normally postmitotic cells may lead to recovery from profound hearing loss.     

Nuclear power after Chernobyl

The causes and progress of the accident at Chernobyl are described, and a comparison between the Chernobyl accident and the 1979 accident at the Three Mile Island nuclear power station is made. Significant similarities between Chernobyl and Three Mile Island include complacency of operators and industry, deliberate negation of safety systems, and a lack of understanding of their plant on the part of the operators, which shows the critical importance of the human element. The Chernobyl accident has implications for nuclear power in the United States; it will affect the research program of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, regulation of Department of Energy reactors, new reactor designs, and public attitudes.     

关于滚动轴承可靠性计算方法的研究

本文从可靠性设计理论角度出发，研究了在不同可靠度要求时滚动轴承的设计计算方法，找出了滚动轴承寿命与可靠度之间的关系和滚动轴承的额定动载荷与可靠度之间的关系。对从事可靠性设计的科技人员有一定的参考价值。     

鼓室炎症对自体骨听骨链重建术后听力的影响

目的了解鼓室炎症对自体骨塑形听骨链重建术后听力的影响。方法 45例自体骨塑形听骨链重建术的患者,根据鼓室炎症轻重程度分为炎症轻组（25例）及炎症重组（20例）。炎症轻组鼓室黏膜充血、光滑、无增厚;炎症重组鼓室黏膜肥厚、粘连、肉芽增生。比较两组术前后的平均气骨导差。结果炎症轻组术后平均气骨导差比术前减少（17.87±7.11）dB,而炎症重组减少（9.65±5.13）dB,两组手术前后平均气骨导差值的差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论鼓室炎症的轻重程度是影响术后听力的重要原因。