Competition Between Meadow Fescue (Festuca pratensis Huds.) and Timothy (Phleum pratense L.) at Three Levels of Nitrogen Fertilization, During Three Growing Seasons

Competition between timothy ( Phleum pratense L.) and meadow fescue ( Festucapratensis Huds.) under three levels of nitrogen was studied during three growing seasons under northern climatic conditions, 69° N latitude. Timothy initially had higher competitive abilities, particularly when nitrogen was added, but due to a higher regrowth capacity, meadow fescue was able to compete with timothy increasingly over time. The species differed in their growth patterns. Timothy had a higher proportion of reproductive tillers and a larger leaf area in the upper parts of the canopy at the first harvest, especially at high nitrogen-fertilization. Consequently, timothy shaded meadow fescue during the reproductive stage of growth. After defoliation, regrowth of timothy halted for one to two weeks. Meadow fescue, by contrast, had higher tiller numbers than timothy, a higher number of intact growing points, and resumed shoot-growth rapidly after defoliation. Due to these traits, the competitive abilities of meadow fescue increased each year relative to timothy.     

Coleoptile tiller development is associated with fast early vigour in wheat

Summary Faster canopy development in temperate cereals can result in more efficient utilization of wate, light and nutrients if these are in limited supply. It can also result in more competitive plants and less use of herbicides. The possible importance of the coleoptile tiller for increasing early vigour in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was determined for twelve F4 lines in two experiments. Each F4 line was chosen for variation in the presence and absence of a coleoptile tiller in plants in the previous generation; each F4 line was traced to a single F2 plant from a multiple convergent cross of sixteen parents. Eight plants of each of the F4 lines were grown in a single row in both experiments. Just after the coleoptile tiller appeared, plants within each line were classified into one of two groups; one group contained plants with large coleoptile tillers whereas the other group had either small coleoptile tillers or none at all. Leaf expansion rates were determined non-destructively at regular intervals, and plants were harvested to determine leaf and tiller characteristics when there were about five mainstem leaves. There was substantial variation in the leaf area of the coleoptile tiller both between groups and among lines. In both experiments plants with a large coleoptile tiller had 24–30% more leaf area and dry weight than plants selected with a small or absent coleoptile tiller up to the final harvest. Leaf expansion rates (increase in leaf area per day) were 25 to 35% greater in the large coleoptile tiller selections from the time tillers first appeared to the time of harvest, whereas the relative leaf expansion rate (increase in leaf area per unit of leaf area present per day) of the large selections was significantly greater than the small selections only at the time of appearance of the coleoptile tiller and just after. There was no evidence that the early appearance of a coleoptile tiller was associated with the largest seedlings or that it inhibited the growth of later tillers. It is concluded that selection for the appearance of a large coleoptile tiller should improve the early vigour of temperate cereals.Abbreviations DAS days after sowing - LA leaf area - LAR leaf area ratio - LER leaf expansion rate - RLER relative leaf expansion rate - SLA specific leaf area - VPD vapor pressure deficit - +COL large coleoptile tiller group - –COL small or absent coleoptile tiller group     

Effect of Management Intensities and Sward Structures on Dry-matter Production of Meadow Fescue (Festuca pratensis Huds.) in Permanent Grassland

A 3-year experiment was conducted on an extensively managed hay meadow to assess the effect of management intensity and sward density on growth of meadow fescue. Two management treatments, intensive (6 cuts, 240 kg N ha−1 year−1) and extensive (3 cuts, 75 kg N ha−1 year−1), with and without gaps around the meadow fescue plants, were applied.
The highest yields were obtained under frequent defoliation. The yield of meadow fescue when grown in gaps increased four- to fivefold on an area basis in the first growing season, and reached a factor of 17 the following year. However, the difference between the treatments with and without gaps decreased strongly during the third growing season.
The contribution of meadow fescue to the total yield remained high and constant in swards with gaps combined with extensive management for the 3 years. In contrast, in swards with gaps combined with intensive management, the yield contribution of meadow fescue decreased, and in swards without gaps it remained very low under both management regimes.
The results show that meadow fescue was a weak competitor. Its response to management intensity was strongly affected by light intensity and soil water content. Low light intensity and dry top soils enhanced the suppression of meadow fescue.     

The Change of Heat Emission and Phenolic Compound Level in Hordeum vulgare (L.) and Festuca pratensis (Huds.) Calli Treated with Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sacc.) Shoem. Phytotoxins

The presented work was conducted on calli of spring barley and meadow fescue that differed in degree of sensitivity to leaf spot pathogen Bipolaris sorokiniana . Callus reaction to fungus phytotoxins was examined on the basis of the amount of total phenolics and heat emission. The study was conducted dynamically – the measurements were performed after 1, 3, 6, 10, 24, 48, 72, 168 and 240 h after the moment when the calli were elicited with fungus metabolites. The greatest metabolic activity of fescue calli was observed between the 6th and the 24th h after treatment with phytotoxins and amounted to 170 % of control values. On the 10th day of culture this activity dramatically decreased in comparison with control (17 %). In the case of barley calli, increased heat emission was registered during the first 10 h of pathogenesis (130–150 % of control values). Calli of both studied plant species also differed in the dynamics of phenolic content changes. In meadow fescue tissue a significant decrease in phenolic level in comparison with control (40 %) was observed after the 7th day of experiment. In barley calli the amount of total phenolics decreased within the first 3 h (60–70% of control). The results obtained show that spring barley and meadow fescue differ in the rate of reaction to B. sorokiniana phytotoxins with regard to changes in metabolic activity and phenolic content. It also suggests a different degree of the plants sensitivity to the studied pathogen on tissue level.     

Improved seed yield in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) from two generations of phenotypic selection

Two generations of recurrent phenotypic selection for seed yield per plant under controlled pollination were carried out to combine improved seed yield with improved forage grass performance in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). Selected and unselected varieties (AberDartand AberElan respectively) and control varieties were grown for seed in pots in a glasshouse experiment and in two field plot experiments over 5 harvest years. Seed yield components and seed yield were measured. Significant improvements in seed yield of the selected AberDart over the unselected AberElan were observed both in individual plants grown in the glasshouse and in field plots. Detailed observations of the individual components of seed yield showed that the increased seed yield of AberDart can be attributed to a higher proportion of ovules forming seeds (% seedset), greater seed number per tiller and more reproductive tillers per plant. This improvement in seed yield of AberDart was also observed when it was grown in field plots with AberElan, experimental selection lines and commercial varieties. AberDart produced more seeds per tiller than the other commercial varieties and selection lines studied. The implication of this approach for the breeding of perennial ryegrass varieties that combine good agronomic performance and acceptable seed yields is discussed. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Die Ertragsbildung von Dinkel (Triticum spelta L.) und Weizen (Triticum aestivum L.) unter verschiedenen Umweltbedingungen im Freiland

Dry Matter Production of Spelt ( Triticum spelta L.) and Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) under Different Environmental Conditions in the Field
The primary aim of our work was to obtain information regarding the germination characteristics of spelt under different environmental conditions in field experiments, and to trace possible differences between spelt and wheat, with regard to crop production. For the present study two spelt varieties ( Ostro/Rouquin) and two wheat varieties ( Arina/Probus) were used. In addition the spelt cultivars Altgold, Oberkulmer and Hercule were included in some of the experiments. To obtain information on the influence of the glumes, spelt was planted in the hulled (SP +) and dehulled (SP-) form.
Field emergence of spelt SP- was up to 40 % lower than that of SP+, Under water logged soil, the percentage of germination was higher for spelt SP+ than for wheat.
Spelt produced more tillers per plant than wheat. However, tiller reduction was also higher for spelt so finally both species had similar numbers of ears per plant. Plants with a high tiller production might be more flexible in response to unfavourable growing conditions.
Grain yield of spelt and wheat was developed in different ways. Spelt produced fewer but larger kernels per ear, whereas wheat produced more but smaller kernels. In 1986 grain yield was up to 20 % higher in wheat than in spelt. In 1987, an unfavourable year for cereal crop production in marginal areas, grain yield was higher for spelt than for wheat. For the farmer, the "husked" form of spelt is economically important. This was equal or higher than the grain yield of wheat in both years.
The high germination rate under unfavourable conditions, in combination with a high tillering capacity and the production of large kernels appear to be the major reason for the stable yielding ability of spelt.     

The effect of seed weight and coleoptile tiller development on seedling vigour in tall fescue,Festuca arundinaceaSchreb.

Summary Two characters, previously shown to influence the rate of seedling growth in tall fescue, were studied in detail in three distinct populations as part of a programme to improve seedling vigour in the species. The effect of seed weight was found to be confined to the very early stages of growth and was apparent in seedling dry matter yield but not in tiller number. The development of a tiller in the axil of the coleoptile, which varied significantly between populations, had a far greater and more permanent effect both in terms of dry matter yield and tiller number. The increase in tiller number attributable to the coleoptile tiller and its derivatives increased geometrically in step with the total tiller number, so that the intitial difference of 28% in the first harvest remained practically unchanged in the subsequent three harvests. Similarly, the percentage difference in dry matter yield between plants with and without a coleoptile tiller remained more or less constant at about 22% from the second harvest onwards.It is concluded that the development of a coleoptile tiller may prove to be a useful selection criterion in the breeding of this species.     

甜高粱分蘖去留与糖产量及氮素利用的比较分析

大田条件下采用人工去除分蘖的方法,研究了两种种植密度下甜高粱高产品种分蘖特性对糖产量及其干物质生产和氮素吸收利用特性的影响。结果表明, 常规种植密度(每公顷75 000株)下,保留分蘖较单茎秆植株对主茎和分蘖茎含糖量影响较小;在较低种植密度(每公顷37 500株)下,保留分蘖植株主茎含糖量明显下降,分蘖茎含糖量与单茎秆植株接近。在不同种植密度条件下,保留分蘖植株较单茎秆植株开花前和开花后茎秆、叶片和穗各器官干物质积累量均显著增加,保留分蘖显著提高了总生物量,达21.9%和81.6%,总糖产量分别增加了17.1%和63.8%。保留分蘖植株开花后氮素向茎秆分配比高,同时,保留分蘖植株叶片氮积累及分配比例明显提高,叶片干重占植株总干重比例显著增加,单位氮素糖生产效率下降,但未达显著水平。常规密度和较低密度下分蘖茎糖产量的补偿效应分别可达20%和62%以上,说明常规种植密度下保留分蘖利于增加甜高粱糖产量,并能够达到简化栽培管理和降低经济人力投入的目的。     

A relationship between heading date and in vitro tillering propensity in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)

Summary In vitro tillers of over 1000 genotypes from nine contrasting Lolium perenne cultivars were cultured on various media containing the synthetic cytokinin, 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), in order to determine the effect on tillering. The cultures were assessed after seven weeks for survival, tiller production, size and vigour. Added auxins 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and -napthaleneacetic acid (NAA) had no consistent beneficial effects.A significant relationship was found between in vitro tiller production and cultivar heading date. Genotypes of early-heading, less persistent cultivars produced more tillers than genotypes from late heading more persistent cultivars. This was consistent with the generally higher in vitro tiller production in the biennial species Lolium multiflorum cultured on similar media.     

The Impact of Underseeding Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) on Timothy (Phleum pratense L.)-Clover (Trifolium pratense L.; Trifolium hybridum L.) Forage Production in a Cool Maritime Climate

Growing barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in the year of forage establishment is a common agronomic practice in marginal growing regions, but is often not recommended to growers. We examined the effect of silage barley production over an establishing timothy (Phleum pratense L.)‐clover (Trifolium pratense L.; Trifolium hybridum L.) forage sward in a 4‐year study near St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada. The experiment compared two barley varieties differing in plant height (semidwarf Chapais and Leger), three barley seeding rates and the effect of a forage understorey on forage (barley) production in the establishment year and forage (timothy‐clover) production in the subsequent year. The taller Leger yielded similar forage biomass to Chapais in the year of forage establishment, which (when planted at 375 plants m^?2) was roughly twice that of a pure‐stand timothy‐clover mix. Increasing the barley seeding rate from 125 to 375 plants m^?2 resulted in a linear increase in forage yield in the year of planting. The production of barley forage in the establishment year resulted in reduced timothy‐clover forage yield in the year following barley planted at 125 and 375 seeds m^?2, but not for barley planted at 250 seeds m^?2. Companion planting also altered forage species composition in that higher barley seeding rates resulted in 12–18 % less timothy and 2–4 % lower fibre levels in the year following planting. Barley seeded at rates of 250–375 seeds m^?2 and undersown with a timothy‐clover mixture (harvested at mid‐milk) resulted in greater forage yield of poorer quality than pure‐stand timothy‐clover in the planting year, and a barley seeding rate of 250 seeds m^?2 did not impede forage production in the subsequent year.     

不同种植密度下兰考矮早八茎蘖叶片内源激素差异及其与分蘖成穗的关系

在不同种植密度下,于拔节期前后测定兰考矮早八主茎和一级分蘖的第一分蘖(分蘖I)和第二分蘖(分蘖II)各时期上部第一片完全展开叶内吲哚乙酸(IAA)、玉米素核苷(ZR)和脱落酸(ABA)含量。结果表明,叶片内IAA和ZR含量表现为主茎>分蘖I>分蘖II,其分蘖与主茎的差距在拔节前期开始加大;叶片内ABA含量表现为分蘖>主茎,其差距开始加大的时期比其他激素晚6~12 d。各激素含量在主茎与分蘖间的差距随密度的增大而增加,且差距达到一定程度时导致分蘖衰亡。激素间平衡与分蘖成穗关系更为密切,分蘖叶片中IAA/ABA和ZR/ABA比值低不利于分蘖最终成穗。激素含量比值在分蘖和主茎叶片中出现差距的时间要早于单一激素含量在分蘖与主茎中出现差距。与单个激素含量相比,激素之间的平衡以及分蘖与主茎激素平衡的差距可能与分蘖成穗的关系更为密切。分蘖中IAA/ABA和ZR/ABA比值占主茎中相应比值的比例可使判断成穗蘖和衰亡蘖出现差距的时间提前至二棱末期,比单一激素含量判断提前6~22 d。     

Effect of Sowing Technique on Growth of Undersown Crop and Yield of Spring Barley

Undersowing a main crop enables establishment of a catch crop in areas characterized by a short post-harvest period before the onset of winter. Techniques with lower costs than conventional undersowing by separate drilling are often regarded as unreliable. Undersowing by drilling after sowing spring barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) was compared with broadcast sowing simultaneously with drilling barley. Various implements were coupled behind the combined drill in cases where seed was broadcast: a press-wheel attachment, a long-tined harrow and a cage roller. A fourth treatment did not include an implement coupled behind the drill. The undersown crop was sown as a seed mixture of 3 kg ha^–1 red clover ( Trifolium pratense L.) and 6 kg ha^–1 meadow fescue ( Festuca pratensis Hudson). The numbers of plants and weeds and the plant height were measured five times during the growing season. Above-ground biomass of the undersown species was determined at barley harvest and in late autumn. Grain yield of spring barley was recorded. Drilling resulted in the highest yield of undersown crop when an early summer drought occurred, but broadcasting in combination with use of seed covering equipment led to the least variation in biomass production over the 4 years the experiment was conducted. The relative proportion of meadow fescue in the crop was low in three years, and lower when broadcast than when drilled. Barley grain yield was highest when the seed was broadcast and seed covering equipment was used. Use of a cage roller increased weed biomass, but press-wheels and a long-tined harrow did not. Separate rolling after undersowing increased undersown crop yield in one year, but decreased grain yield in some cases.     

Tiller Development and Contribution to Yield under Different Moisture Regimes in two Triticum Species

The number of productive tillers is an important yield component in wheat and is affected by water stress and genetic factors. A greenhouse experiment was conducted during spring 1992 at ICARDA, Tel Hadya, Syria, with eight genotypes representing two Triticum species ( Triticum turgidum L. ssp. durum and Triticum aestivum L. ssp. aestivum ) under four soil-moisture regimes (95 %, 75 %, 55 %, and 35 % field capacity) to study the effect of water deficit on tiller development and tiller contribution to grain yield. In the highest watering regime appearance of Tiller 1 was delayed in both species. Also Tiller 2 was suppressed in this treatment in durum , while its appearance was delayed in aestivum. In the driest treatment, a majority of the tillers were suppressed and the ones which emerged were delayed. In durum , the heat units required to produce successive leaves on the tillers were higher than that for the main stem and increased with increasing water stress, causing high rate of tiller abortion. In aestivum , each tiller, once produced, developed leaves at the same rate as on the main stem. Phyllochron of tillers as well as main stem was not affected by water stress in aestivum. In aestivum , contribution by tillers to yield was higher than that of durum in all treatments. Results indicate that early appearance of tillers and faster rate of leaf appearance under water stress result in higher tiller survival and greater tiller contribution to final yield. Hence, tiller dynamics under water stress can be used as a selection criterion for breeding for drought tolerance.     

Nitrogen Uptake and Utilization in Winter Wheat under Different Fertilization Regimes, with Particular Reference to Main Stems and Tillers

Two-year field trials with winter wheat under nine nitrogen (N) fertilizer treatments were conducted at TU Munich's research station in Southern Bavaria. The study investigated N uptake and N utilization of wheat stands for varying N fertilizer strategies, with emphasis on N application during stem elongation. N use was analysed in individual plants, separated into main stems and tillers to estimate the effect on the tiller category. While grain N uptake showed only slight differences, substantial differences were recorded for N uptake of straw, leading to significant variation in N harvest index as affected by N fertilizer treatment. Individual plant analysis indicated that N harvest indices of tillers were lower than those of main stems due to high N uptake into the straw of tillers. This was not modified by any of the N fertilization strategies. It is presumed that for tillers the translocation of nitrogen from straw into kernels is less effective than for main stems since ears of tillers produce a lower sink size. N fertilization with emphasis on stem elongation led to a below-average number of tillers and above-average N harvest indices for main stems as well as tillers. This was confirmed by a negative correlation between plant density and N harvest index. High N content in straw was not found to be necessary for achieving high N content in kernels. In addition to economical benefits, a N fertilization strategy with emphasis on application during stem elongation has environmental benefits in intensive wheat production systems.     

Clonal evaluation for increased seed production in two species of forage grasses,Festuca arundinacea Schreb. and Phleum pratense L.

Summary A study was made of the seed production characters of replicated single plants of two Aberystwyth varieties, S.170 tall fescue and S.48 timothy, and estimates were made of the total genetic variation and the heritability of each character. Six-plant selections were made from each of the two varieties, and performance trials indicated that seed yield had been increased by 20% in tall fescue and 47% in timothy. As indicated by the measurements on single plants, increases in seed weight per inflorescence were almost wholly responsible for the increase in seed yield, with the number of inflorescences remaining unaltered in the two new selections. The mean inflorescence size of both selections was similar to that of the two varieties, but floret fertility and 1000-seed weight were significantly increased. In S.48 timothy there was also an improvement in the facility with which seed could be threshed from the mature inflorescence.     

杂交籼稻机械化种植的分蘖特性

为探明不同播期杂交籼稻机械化种植的分蘖特性及其与产量的关系, 以F优498为材料, 采用二因素裂区设计, 研究了早播与迟播2个处理下机直播、机插、手插3种种植方式的杂交籼稻分蘖发生与成穗特点及各分蘖穗的穗部性状。结果表明: (1) 一次分蘖群对产量贡献大且稳定, 均在58.67%~63.82%之间; 主茎对产量贡献率以机直播最高, 手插最低; 机插和手插二次分蘖群占产量比例均显著高于机直播。(2) 不同种植方式分蘖发生与成穗规律不同, 机直播与机插分蘖发生均属一次高峰型, 手插属二次高峰型。机直播分蘖发生早而快, 一次分蘖群发生在主茎第1~第8叶位, 其中第1~第4叶位分蘖成穗率较高, 二次分蘖成穗以第1、第2叶位为主。机插分蘖发生晚、起点低, 但比较集中, 一次分蘖群以3/0~8/0发生为主, 3/0~6/0分蘖成穗率较高, 二次分蘖群成穗以第3~第5叶位为主。手插秧田与本田均发生分蘖, 分蘖发生叶位数多, 持续时间长, 一次分蘖群发生在主茎第1、第2、第4~第8叶位, 其中第1、第2、第4、第5和第6叶位成穗率较高, 二次分蘖群发生与成穗主要在第1、第2叶位。分蘖成穗叶位数和产量均随播期延迟而减少。(3) 3种种植方式的主茎及中低叶位一次分蘖枝梗数和每穗粒数多, 粒大, 单穗重高; 高叶位一次分蘖和二次分蘖枝梗数和穗粒均较少, 稻穗小。机直播优势叶位为第1~第4叶位, 机插为第3~第6叶位, 手插为第1、第2、第4、第5和第6叶位, 对产量贡献率分别达70.51%、73.83%和76.81%。优势叶位分蘖发生与成穗率高, 稻穗大, 对产量贡献率高, 应优化农艺措施挖掘其增产潜力。     

Phenotypic and genotypic variation in seed production traits within a full-sib family of meadow fescue

Phenotypic and genotypic variation for seed yield and associated traits (heading date, plant height, number of fertile tillers, 1000‐seed weight, panicle length, seed weight per panicle, fertility, flag‐leaf length and flag‐leaf width) were studied in a full‐sib family of meadow fescue using replicated clonal trials at two locations in Norway. Genotypic variances were highly significant for all traits and genotype × location interactions were significant for heading date, number of fertile tillers and seed yield. Seed yield and other seed component traits exhibited the largest genotypic variations. Heading date showed large genotype × location interaction, probably because of the very diverse origin of the two parents of the full‐sib family. Path coefficient analysis showed that panicle fertility, measured as seed weight per unit length of panicles, was by far the most important component trait contributing to seed yield, followed by the number of fertile tillers, plant height and flag‐leaf width. Flag‐leaf width and plant height had sizeable indirect effects on seed yield via panicle fertility. This is the first time that the importance of the size of the flag leaf for seed yield in herbage grasses has been demonstrated.     

水培条件下氮浓度对水稻氮素吸收和分蘖发生的影响研究

本文应用不同氮浓度溶液对早籼稻和晚粳稻代表品种进行水培试验，考虑其对分蘖芽的分化发育和分蘖的发生终止的影响。试验表明，茎鞘含氮率与分蘖的关系甚为密切，在含氮率２．７￣３．３％时，水稻分蘖正常发生；低于１．３％时，分蘖芽的分化发育就停留在三幼一基期；处在中间状态的含氮率，分蘖芽的分化发育进程滞缓，分蘖的出生时间滞后。     

Water Deficit during the Reproductive Period of Grass Pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) Reduced Grain Yield but Maintained Seed Size

The grain legume grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) is adapted to drought‐prone environments, but the extent and mechanisms of its tolerance are not well understood. In a pot experiment, water deficit was imposed on plants by withholding water from first flowering until predawn leaf water potential (LWP_pd) was ?3.12 MPa. Water deficit reduced dry matter, seed yield, harvest index and water use efficiency by 60 %, 87 %, 67 % and 75 %, respectively, when compared with the controls. Flower production stopped when LWP_pd fell to ?1.8 MPa. At LWP_pd?1.5 MPa, only 25 % of flowers resulted in filled pods (compared with 95 % filled pods in the control) with the rest aborted as flowers (48 %) or pods (27 %). Filled pods had more aborted ovules than controls, resulting in 29 % less seeds per pod. Water deficit reduced pollen viability, germination and the number of pollen tubes reaching the ovary by 13 %, 25 % and 31 %, respectively. Emergence from seeds produced from water‐deficient plants was 21 % less than controls, but seedling shoot dry mass was 18 % higher, in accordance with the 19 % higher seed mass. The sensitivity of flowering to drought limited pod numbers but enabled plants to retain existing pods and develop near‐normal seeds with low β‐N‐oxalyl‐l ‐α‐β‐diaminopropionic acid toxin concentrations. This trait is useful for farming systems reliant on harvested seed for the next crop and in cases where seed size influences the value of the product.     

旗叶期缺磷及去蘖对小麦光合特性和磷分配的影响

采用石英砂培养方法并去除或保留分蘖，研究了旗叶期缺磷对大穗型小麦CA9325和多穗型晋麦2号（JM2）生长后期旗叶光合和蒸腾速率、干物质和磷在体内分配以及最终产量的影响。结果表明: ⑴旗叶期缺磷一段时间后降低小麦旗叶的光合和蒸腾速率。不同供磷水平下，去蘖使小麦旗叶光合和蒸腾速率大都高于同期未去蘖的；⑵旗叶期缺磷几乎导致两品种所有器官和整株干物质和磷的积累降低，去蘖的小麦籽粒干物质和磷总量占整株的比例均高于未去蘖的，说明缺磷促进小麦各营养器官的磷向籽粒转移；⑶主茎干物质和磷的积累以CA9325高于JM2，而JM2则以分蘖占优势，这与JM2分蘖数较多有关；⑷ 不论供磷还是缺磷，未去蘖的CA9325籽粒产量低于JM2，而去蘖后则相反。不同库容量的CA9325千粒重和籽粒磷含量均高于JM2。全生育期供磷条件下的磷吸收效率，以未去蘖的CA9325显著高于JM2，去蘖后两品种间无明显差异。