牛樟扦插育苗技术研究

研究不同扦插基质类型、不同浓度生根粉、不同节段插穗对牛樟扦插繁殖成活率的影响。结果表明：选用黄心土＋河沙（1∶1）基质组合,插穗生根率较高,且原料来源方便、成本低,是较为优良的扦插育苗基质。绿枝插穗经浓度为800mg/L ABT6#的生根粉处理后扦插效果最佳,成活率高达80.6%。带顶芽节段插条成活率明显好于无顶芽节段的插条,前者成活率是后者的1.95倍。     

引种植物美王冠的扦插繁殖研究

以美王冠为试验材料,研究插穗部位、植物生长调节剂、基质组合及不同季节对其扦插繁殖的影响。试验结果表明,不同插穗部位中,基部枝条为插穗的扦插成活率最高为85.73%;不同植物生长调节剂中,200mg/m L生根粉(ABT3)浸泡的扦插成活率最高为93.37%;不同扦插基质中,红壤为基质的扦插成活率最高为82.08%;秋冬交替季扦插成活率86.7%,明显高于春夏交替季扦插成活率40%。在秋冬交替季选择木质化程度高的枝条为插穗、红壤土为基质、用ABT3浸泡60 min进行扦插可获得较好的扦插效果。     

兜唇石斛扦插繁殖试验

用兜唇石斛一年生鲜茎为插穗的扦插试验结果表明：4-7月是抽芽期,其中5月抽芽最多,占总抽芽数的69.64%,6-10月是出圃期,7月出圃的扦插苗最多,达总出圃数的53.93%;2月份扦插的插穗生长最好,插穗健壮、整齐,出圃时间集中,出圃率达91.44%;底部茎节是最好的扦插材料,可以获得优质扦插苗,扦插成本较低;参试的植物激素和扦插基质对插条抽芽生根无明显影响。     

青檀嫩枝扦插技术研究

[目的]提高青檀嫩枝扦插的成活率。[方法]以青檀嫩枝为试材,研究不同激素浓度、插穗不同长度和粗度以及不同扦插基质对青檀嫩枝扦插生根率的影响。[结果]结果表明,NAA1 000 mg/L处理过的嫩枝枝条生根率最高,为92.1%;长度为13 cm以上、粗度为0.5~0.7 cm的插穗扦插后各方面表现最好;利用草炭土+珍珠岩=1∶1的混合基质进行扦插,其生根状况明显好于中河沙和普通园土。[结论]研究结果为青檀嫩枝扦插提供了技术参考。     

白玉仙茶扦插育苗技术研究

通过对时间、扦插基质、植物生长调节剂和插穗部位4个因素对白玉仙茶两个品系进行扦插繁殖研究。结果表明白玉仙茶Ⅱ扦插成活率比白玉仙茶Ⅰ高15％,且生长势明显;夏季嫩枝扦插,分别比白玉仙茶Ⅰ冬季和春季扦插成活率提高13％和23％,但对白玉仙茶Ⅱ作用不明显;扦插基质为1／2普通苗床土＋1／2黄沙的成活率比全部用黄心土的约高5％;合适浓度的植物生长调节剂IBA对扦插成活促进明显,但高浓度反而有抑制作用;插穗部位几乎不影响扦插成活率。     

聚乙烯薄膜覆盖下单节及多节茶树插穗的生长情况

作者在苗圃中比较研究了用一般方法育苗的单节茶树插穗,和用聚乙烯薄膜密闭覆盖苗床60天的单节及多节茶树插穗育苗方法。 扦插后90天,覆盖下的单节及双节插穗生长最好。与露地生长的单节插穗比较,前者形成的根系更多更长,干重亦较重。而5节插穗死亡率较高。多节插穗有较重的愈伤组织和较多的花芽,而且插穗长,故苗株较重。 扦插后210天,所有插穗新梢的总长度无甚差别。多节插穗因节多似乎有更多的新梢,但都很弱。5节插穗有较多的根系,苗株亦较重。3～5节插穗有较多花芽。文中还讨论了这种育苗方法的实际应用方面。     

上海地区‘露西’木槿扦插繁殖技术研究

[目的]加快‘露西’木槿的园林运用推广,为‘露西’木槿的繁育、生产提供技术指导。[方法]从不同插穗、不同浓度的激素、不同的扦插基质等方面对‘露西’木槿的扦插繁殖技术进行了较为系统的研究。[结果]1年生插穗与2年生插穗相比,并无显著差异。激素IBA和NAA均能促进木槿的扦插生根,IBA更有利于木槿根的增长。扦插基质珍珠岩和椰糠对木槿扦插生根率、生根数量没有影响,而草炭对生根的长度有显著的影响。[结论]1 750 mg/L IBA对‘露西’木槿的生根最有利;最适合‘露西’木槿的基质配比为8份珍珠岩+2份草炭+4份椰糠。     

不同生长激素和基质对张氏红山茶扦插繁殖影响的研究

对珍稀濒危植物张氏红山茶进行了扦插繁殖试验。结果表明,不同生长激素和浓度的扦插基质对张氏红山茶的扦插生根率有显著影响,其中以红泥∶泥炭∶珍珠岩配比(质量比2∶2∶1)的基质,以1 200倍根太阳或50 mg/kg 速生根处理插穗其生根率均可达90%左右,而扦插时期的选择对其生根率影响不大。     

不同基质及ABT生根粉对茶树穴盘扦插生根的影响

研究了不同基质、不同型号及浓度的ABT生根粉对茶树穴盘扦插生根的影响。结果表明:不同基质、不同型号及浓度的ABT生根粉对茶树扦插后的生根率、根数、根长和根鲜重均有不同程度的影响。扦插基质采用泥炭土:珍珠岩=5:1扦插效果最好,ABT6号生根粉50mg/kg浸泡插穗2小时生根率最高。     

生根剂及基质处理对黄栀子扦插生根的影响

以黄栀子为材料,进行不同生根剂与不同扦插基质对其插穗生根质量的比较研究。结果表明:黄栀子最适宜的生根剂为500 mg·L-1 IBA,其插穗的成活率、平均生根数、平均根长、平均根粗和20枝插穗鲜根重等生根质量均最佳;扦插后60天,黄栀子插穗的成活率和生根质量优于扦插后45天。黄栀子最适宜的扦插基质是泥炭土,其次是珍珠岩,泥炭土基质中黄栀子生根质量最好。     

Potato minituber production from nodal cuttings compared to wholein vitro plantlets using low volume media in a greenhouse

Summary A greenhouse minituber production system involving low inputs of in vitro potato plantlets and propagation media is described, in vitro plantlets of six potato cultivars were sectioned into nodal cuttings and separately planted into moist peat based growing medium in shallow plastic trays. Cultivar differences were evident with respect to node viability, shoot regrowth and minituber yields. Nodal viability for shoot regrowth varied between 80–100%. Maximum shoot heights were recorded with whole in vitro plantlets (WIP) and the terminal Node-5 cluster. All cuttings produced minitubers. The terminal Node-5 cutting and WIP produced significantly larger minitubers >3.0 g as compared to single node cuttings. Greater numbers of minitubers were produced by the cvs Norchip, Red Pontiac and Conestoga as compared to cvs Eramosa. G8610-4PY and Shepody. Total numbers of minitubers were 3 to 5 times higher from each in vitro plantlet that was sectioned into nodal cuttings as compared with intact WIP: the yield ratios depended on cultivar.     

Production of above-ground seed tubers on stem cuttings from eight potato cultivars

Summary The formation of above-ground tubers on stem cuttings of eight potato cultivars was studied over three seasons. To promote tuber formation in the leaf axils, stems grown from single node cuttings were exposed to short day conditions. Tuber formation underground was reduced by covering the soil with a plastic sheet and by using single node cuttings planted with the leaf axils several centimetres above the soil surface. With all cultivars except Alpha, which produced mis-shapen tubers in all experiments, an average of 11 (maximum 40) tubers per cutting were harvested. Significant cultivar × year interactions were observed.     

Vegetative propagation of Grindelia chiloensis (Asteraceae)

Grindelia chiloensis (Asteraceae) is a shrub native to Patagonia, Argentina, in the process of domestication as a source of resin to complement rosin production by pines. Vegetative propagation to multiply selected genotypes has produced breakthroughs in the cultivation of new crops like jojoba (Simmondsia chinesis). The only available way to propagate Grindelia is by transplanting seedlings or direct seeding. Both alternatives rely on selected varieties, a process that takes several years in an open-pollinated, self-incompatible species. The objective of this study was to generate a protocol for the vegetative propagation of G. chiloensis. Two experiments were carried out to evaluate the effect of the mother plant, the source of the cutting (apical or basal), and the concentration of indole butyric acid (IBA) on rooting success and root and above-ground biomass accumulation. A third study was conducted to evaluate the field survival of the propagated plants. Stems (15 cm) were cut from several mother plants growing in the field and stored in plastic containers with ice for about 4 h. Two types of cuttings were prepared from each stem: apical (upper 6–8 nodes) and basal (lower 6–8 nodes). A commercially available IBA source (Hormex, rooting powder, Brooker Chemical, Hollywood, CA) was used at six concentrations (0.1, 0.3, 0.8, 1.6, 3.0, and 4.5%). The cuttings were dipped in water and in the plant regulator and planted into speedlings filled with peat moss, vermiculite and sand (1:1:1, v/v/v). The speedlings were placed under a mist system in a greenhouse at 25°C. Rooting success and root weight were evaluated 30 days after the experiments were started. The position of the cutting, the IBA concentration, and the mother plant affected rooting success. None of the basal cuttings rooted even with IBA treatment. For the apical cuttings, IBA concentrations between 0.1 and 1.6% resulted in more than 64% rooting and the largest root mass (P<0.01). The control cuttings (0% IBA) did not produce adventitious roots. Accessions differed on rooting success. Transplanting survival varied between 25 and 100% depending on the clone. Vegetative propagation will allow the multiplication of Grindelia clones selected for their productive superiority. Traits such as resin content and composition, and regrowth after harvest are important characteristics to select for.     

澳洲坚果扦插繁殖技术在生产中的应用

在南亚所苗圃对6个澳洲坚果品种和在西双版纳苗圃对9个澳洲坚果品种插穗，分别以WGD-1和IBA、ABT—1号、IAA等生长调节剂处理，进行扦插繁殖比较试验。结果表明：WGD—1、IBA、ABT-1号和IAA的合理使用均有显著促进澳洲坚果插穗生根的作用。WGD-18000mg/L处理的插穗成苗率显著高于8000mg/L IBA及ABT-1号、IAA处理：IBA 8000mg/L处理成苗率显著高于IAA；但IBA与ABT—1号之间，ABT—1号与IAA之间，差异不显著。经2个苗圃3a以上应用WGD—1配方生产扦插苗，成苗率达82．34％；品种344在版纳苗圃成苗率显著高于660、741，而344、246、O．C、788、800、H2之间差异不显著，但788、294扦插苗根系少，扦插难度较大：在常规条件下，我国植区的澳洲坚果扦插繁育期最宜在冬季，以长20～25cm皮色灰白木栓化枝作插穗为佳，带叶扦插，插后40～45 d所有插穗均有愈伤组织形成，生根高峰期在插后115～150 d之间，但品种间有差异。     

Optimizing the propagation of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) by stem cuttings

Stem cuttings from potato plants are frequently used in multiplication programs for disease-free cultivars. The survival of these leafy cuttings is often very poor, and thus various techniques were investigated which were designed to increase rooting and cutting survival. Stock plants of cultivars “Caribe,” “Jemseg,” “Keswick,” “Russet Burbank,” “Sable,” “Sebago” and “Shepody” were grown in the greenhouse under long days. Promoting growth of the axillary shoots was successfully achieved by shading the shoot apex with aluminum foil. Trimming the outer leaves of the cuttings was deleterious to both survival and rooting. A rooting hormone improved root initiation and development, and the use of shade cloth or intermittent mist increased survival by reducing wilting. A rooting substrate of vermiculite: perlite (1:1) provided sufficient aeration, support and drainage for the cuttings. Antitranspirants sprayed on the stock plants prior to the excision of cuttings and also on the excised cuttings did not improve rooting or survival. The addition of activated charcoal (1% w:w) increased rooting of the cuttings and improved vigor of potted plants obtained from the cuttings.     

顶梢和功能叶对茶树全光照弥雾扦插快繁的影响研究

为进一步缩短茶树无性苗繁育周期,提高无性苗质量,本试验以3年生台茶12号（又名金萱）茶树嫩枝为扦插材料,采用全光照弥雾快繁育苗技术,研究了插穗顶梢保留与摘除、不保留成熟功能叶、保留1~3片成熟功能叶对茶树扦插苗根系和地上部生长的影响,并于扦插前对茶树嫩枝不同部位芽叶的相关生理生化指标进行了测定分析。结果表明,随叶片成熟度增加,可溶性糖和叶绿素含量呈递增趋势。净光合速率也随叶片成熟度的增加呈递增趋势,但以第2片成熟功能叶最高。可溶性蛋白含量随叶片成熟度的增加呈下降趋势,以顶部一芽一叶含量最高。带成熟功能叶插穗成活率和生根率均为100.00%,而不带成熟功能叶的一芽一叶插穗和一芽二叶插穗成活率和生根率均仅为5.00%和23.33%。根系生长以带3片功能叶留梢插穗最好,生根早且根量大,10βd内就有大量白色根点从茎段基部冒出,60%~70%茶苗形成二次根仅需37βd,且地上部新形成的成熟功能叶数也最多,但是新梢高度增长值小于保留顶梢带1片成熟功能叶插穗,基部茎粗增长值小于带2片成熟功能叶插穗。成熟功能叶片数的增加有利于根系生长发育,提高成活率和生根率;保留顶梢插穗的根系和地上部的生长优于去梢插穗。     

5种报春苣苔属植物的叶插繁殖研究

研究6种基质、3种IBA浓度处理和5种叶片切割方式对5种报春苣苔属植物叶插成活的影响。结果表明:基质、IBA浓度及切割方式对5种报春苣苔的叶片扦插具有明显的影响;其中泥炭混河沙(体积比1∶1)、泥炭混珍珠岩(体积比1∶1)是5种报春苣苔更适宜的叶插基质;除柳江报春苣苔外,3种IBA浓度处理对其他4种报春苣苔的叶插成活率无显著影响,但200 mg/L处理插穗的子株数和子株叶片数最多;叶片不同切割方式对不同报春苣苔的叶插效果不同,褐纹报春苣苔以全切的方式为宜,癞叶报春苣苔和石蝴蝶状报春苣苔以不切的方式为宜,柳江报春苣苔以不切、纵切、横切(叶尖朝上)和全切的方式皆可,大根报春苣苔以全切和纵切为宜。      

不同基质和季节对闽楠嫩枝扦插生根的影响

设置12种基质类型和在4个不同季节,分别开展了我国Ⅱ级珍稀濒危树种闽楠的嫩枝扦插试验,探究不同基质类型对闽楠嫩枝扦插生根的影响,旨在为加快闽楠人工栽培技术发展以及种质资源保存提供参考。结果表明：[泥炭（50％）+蛭石（50％）]（V/V）为闽楠嫩枝扦插生根的首选基质。不同季节扦插对闽楠嫩枝插穗生根性状具有显著影响,春季扦插效果最佳,其次是秋季和冬季,而夏季扦插效果最差。     

生根剂处理对于茶树嫩枝扦插内源激素水平和繁殖的影响

为进一步探究茶树不同嫩度的嫩枝插穗根系和地上部生长适宜的生根剂处理时间及内源激素水平,本试验以3年生台茶12号嫩枝为试验材料,采用酶联免疫吸附测定法（ELISA）分析了嫩梢不同部位IAA、ZR、GA₃和ABA含量,同时研究了生根剂处理时间对插穗茎基部激素含量和茶苗扦插快繁的影响。结果表明,在茶树嫩枝顶部一芽一叶至一芽二叶初展梢（BL1）、半功能叶（L2）、第1片功能叶（L3）及其茎段（S1）、第2片功能叶（L4）及其茎段（S2）、第3片功能叶（L5）及其茎段（S3）、第4片功能叶茎段（S4）中,叶片内IAA和ABA以第2片功能叶含量最高,ZR以第3片功能叶含量最高,GA₃含量则随叶片成熟度增加而增大。茎段S1—S3中IAA含量显著高于S4,而ABA含量则为S1显著高于S2—S4。浸泡100βmg·L^-1 ABT-1号生根剂会显著提高插穗茎基部IAA含量,并使IAA/ABA和(IAA+ZR+GA₃)/ABA值增至1.0左右,从而有利于生根。其中,保留顶梢带1片和2片功能叶的插穗（F1-1、F2-1）在浸泡生根剂前期1βh内IAA含量快速增加,且IAA/ABA和(IAA+ZR+GA₃)/ABA值可增至1.0以上,其他插穗则在浸泡生根剂4βh后上述3个指标达到最大值。F1-1、F2-1浸泡生根剂0.5~1βh,摘除顶梢带1片功能叶的插穗（F1-2）浸泡生根剂4βh,F2-2、F3-1、F3-2浸泡生根剂3~4βh,IAA含量达到较高水平,而且IAA/ABA和 (IAA+ZR+GA₃) /ABA值可增至1.0左右。出苗时,平均根系活力、平均生根条数和平均茎粗增加值的最大值出现在浸泡生根剂0~2βh内,其他根系和地上部生长情况以浸泡生根剂4βh表现较好。