藜麦田甜菜筒喙象生物学特性初步研究

甜菜筒喙象是一种新发现的严重为害藜麦的害虫,2016年首次在藜麦上大暴发,导致当年北京地区藜麦损失惨重。本研究针对甜菜筒喙象杂草寄主范围广,对藜麦为害严重却难以有效防控的问题,采用种群生态学技术方法,研究成虫产卵特性和杂草寄主在其种群发生中的作用。结果表明,甜菜筒喙象成虫体色多变,既有锈红色,也有棕褐色和黑褐色。成虫夜伏昼出,不喜阳光直射,白天在生长茂密的植株中下部活动;主要选择在茎秆直径5mm、处于营养生长盛期的寄主植株上产卵;株高150cm以上(现蕾盛期-初花期,直径20mm)、生长健壮、茎秆比较坚硬的植株不利于成虫产卵。当藜麦尚未出苗或藜麦苗比较幼小(主干直径5mm)时,成虫主要在早发的幼嫩多汁的藜科杂草上产卵;6月上旬,藜麦进入旺盛生长期,成虫开始在藜麦上产卵,产卵期约为1个月;7月下旬,藜麦进入初花期,茎秆粗壮,成虫主要在苋科杂草上产卵。此外,甜菜筒喙象成虫更喜欢在营养生长旺盛时期的藜麦植株上产卵,其单株产卵痕数量是藜科和苋科杂草的6.06倍和1.55倍;适时铲除田边杂草,有利于减轻藜麦田甜菜筒喙象的发生与为害。研究结果对甜菜筒喙象的有效防控,保障我国藜麦产业的健康发展意义重大。     

甜菜龟叶甲为害藜麦初报

2018年,在山西省朔州市发现甜菜龟叶甲(Cassida nebulosa Linnaeus)严重为害藜麦。该虫在2007年于丹麦首次发现为害藜麦,此为国内为害藜麦的首次报道。本文描述了该虫的形态特征、生活习性、为害特点与发生情况等,为进一步研究其生物学特性及防治技术提供重要基础。     

藜麦上首次发现根蛆(Tetanops sintenisi)为害

在我国山西省静乐县首次发现根蛆(Tetanops sintenisi)为害藜麦。该虫属于双翅目斑蝇科直斑蝇属,最早记载发现于荷兰,国内外均未见其为害藜麦的报道。该虫在静乐县发生量大,造成藜麦大量叶片枯黄、萎蔫,甚至整株枯死,严重影响藜麦的产量。采用线粒体细胞色素C氧化酶亚基Ⅰ基因序列鉴定确认其分类地位,介绍了该虫的形态特征、生物学特性、为害特点及发生情况等,并提出了防控建议。     

甜菜筒喙象的防治

甜菜筒喙象的防治冯祥和（山西忻州地区植保站，０３４０００）甜菜筒喙象（ＬｉｘｕｓｓｕｂｔｉｌｉｓＢｏｈｅｍａｎ）是当地甜菜生产上的一种重要苗期害虫，一般虫口密度３～５头／ｍ２。严重田块在２０头／ｍ２以上。此虫占当地甜菜苗期害虫的９０％以上。在山西甜菜...     

黑龙江省甜菜象虫发生及防治研究

1979～1981年研究了黑龙江省为害甜菜的象虫种类有甜菜长柄象、蒙古土象、甜菜象、二斑尖眼象、三北甜菜象、黑斜纹象、锥喙筒喙象、甜菜毛足象及甜菜碗额象等9种,其中甜菜长柄象和蒙古土象为优势种。40%甲胺磷乳油500～800倍液喷洒幼苗,杀虫率80～95%;用“3911”闷种对防治甜菜象虫有较高的效果,可挽回甜菜块根产量11～25%。     

辽宁省甜菜象虫种类分布及防治研究

甜菜象虫是辽宁省甜菜苗期生产上的重要害虫之一。辽西山地及辽河平原大部分地区适合藜科、苋科和蓼科植物的生长,其中有许多种类为象虫尤其是短喙象亚科(Br-achyderinae)和方喙象亚科(Cleoninae)的寄主植物。当甜菜幼苗出土后,这些象虫从野生寄主和去年甜菜地迁到本年甜菜地,咬食甜菜子叶和幼嫩的真叶,发生严重地块,造成田间缺苗断垄,需要毁种或补种。     

四种寄主植物对旋幽夜蛾种群增长参数的影响及其与主要营养成分的关系

正旋幽夜蛾Scotogramma trifolii又名旋歧夜蛾、三叶草夜蛾等,属鳞翅目夜蛾科,于20世纪90年代在新疆维吾尔自治区(简称新疆)棉区均有不同程度发生(于江南等,1997)。该虫寄主广泛,可为害多种作物和杂草。赵琦(2011)报道旋幽夜蛾对不同寄主植物有选择偏好,产卵最偏好灰藜,其次是甜菜、小白菜;取食也最偏好灰藜,其次是甜菜、油菜。在新疆,棉     

警惕桑根害虫——灌县癞象

1982年,四川省三台县蚕种场发生一种象甲,其幼虫为害桑树根部。我们应邀前往调查;标本由中国科学院动物研究所陈元清同志鉴定为灌县癞象Episomus kwanhsiensis Heller.属象虫科Curculionidae、耳喙象亚科Otiorrhyvnchinae。     

稻象甲发生与防治

稻象甲Echinocnemus sguameus Billberg,俗称钩鼻子虫,属鞘翅目耳喙象虫科。此虫,近两年来在赣南的为害急剧上升,是值得注意防治的一种水稻害虫。笔者1984—1985年在赣州市沙石乡吉埠村与蟠龙乡长塘和高楼村调查,发现早稻秧田和本田与二晚秧田和本田稻象甲为害很普     

加强检疫严防芒果象甲传入

加强检疫严防芒果象甲传入李恒忠（百色地区植保植检站百色５３３０００）在世界芒果产区内,为害芒果果实的象虫科Ｃｕｒｃｕｌｉｏｎｉｄａｅ,隐喙象亚科Ｃｒｙｐｔｏｒ－ｒｈｙｎｃｈｉｎａｅ的象虫,目前已知共有三种：芒果果核象甲（印度果核芒果象）Ｓｔｅｒｎｏｃ...     

检疫害虫稻水象甲的控制技术研究进展

稻水象甲(Lissorhoptrus。oryzophilus Kuschel)是一种毁灭性的水稻害虫，也是一种重要的检疫害虫。近年来在很多省市发生为害，且发生程度不断加重并呈扩大蔓延趋势。本文概述了近年来稻水象甲大发生危害的情况及原因，深入分析了其发生规律，提出了加强植物检疫、农业防治、化学防治、生物防治、物理防治等综合治理的措施。     

警惕危险害虫庭园象甲入侵我国

庭园象甲(Phlyctinus callosus)是一种能对水果、观赏植物造成严重危害的害虫,原产南非,现已传播到新西兰和澳大利亚等地,我国尚无分布记录.庭院象甲寄主广,适应性强,为害具有较高的隐蔽性,有较大的入侵风险.本文对庭园象甲的分类地位、寄主、分布、形态特征、为害特点、生物学特性、防控措施等进行了详细介绍,为口...     

警惕危险性害虫辣椒花象甲入侵我国

辣椒花象甲Anthonomus eugenii是一种毁灭性害虫,原产于中美洲,可为害至少35种商业辣椒品种,对辣椒为害严重,可使其减产33%～90%。该害虫于1993年入侵加拿大,并于2014年进入欧洲。频繁的全球贸易及国际运输将加速该害虫的传播和扩散,并有入侵我国的风险。该文对辣椒花象甲的生物学特性、寄主植物、为害特征、分布范围及传播进行总结,分析其对我国的入侵风险及对我国辣椒产业造成的潜在损失,并提出风险管理措施。     

胡桃长足象研究初报

胡桃长足象是核桃果实的大害虫,为害损失很大。1975年以来,我们在四川平武地区进行了生活习性观察和防治试验,初步明确了以下几个问题。1.胡桃长足象一年一代。11月份以成虫越冬,次年4月上旬开始活动,为害果、芽、嫩枝、叶柄,5月上旬交尾产卵于果中,一般一果一粒,8月中旬产卵结束,10月陆续死亡。当年成虫6月中旬羽化,进行为害。2.成虫有假死性和向阳性,飞翔力弱,具有与核桃树芽苞相似的保护色。3.防治胡桃长足象,应抓住越冬成虫大量出现和卵孵化盛期时进行。用每毫升含孢量二至五亿的白僵菌液或50%的三硫磷乳油、50%速灭松乳剂、82%磷胺乳剂加水一千倍喷雾,效果良好。     

稻水象甲幼虫发生程度对水稻生长发育及产量损失的影响

稻水象甲幼虫为害水稻根后,导致水稻植株矮缩、发黄、分蘖减少甚至死苗,造成水稻严重减产,本文对稻水象甲发生程度对水稻生长发育及产量损失的影响进行研究。     

稻谷在储藏期对玉米象的抗虫机制研究

本文选用抗、感各类的水稻品种(品系)22个,就所考察的13个稻谷物理化学因素彼此相互影响,刚逐步回归分析,研究稻谷在储藏期对玉米象的抗虫机制。结果表明,稻谷开裂率愈大,千粒重越重,则品种就愈有利于玉米象取食;开裂率愈大,谷粒愈宽,谷粒表面颊毛数愈少就愈有利于玉米象的产卵;直链淀粉含量越高,开裂率越大,品种的抗生性就愈低,愈有利于玉米象生长发育;相反,品种粗蛋白含量和粗脂肪含量越高,就愈不利于玉米象的生长发育。其它被测试的6个稻谷物理化学因素:谷粒长,谷粒长/宽,谷壳表面突起数,谷壳内、外颖壳厚度和总糖含量对稻谷在储藏期对玉米象的抗性无显著影响。     

Decoding attraction: Improving vine weevil monitoring by exploiting key sensory cues

BACKGROUND

Monitoring is an integral component of integrated pest management (IPM) programmes used to inform crop management decisions. Vine weevil, Otiorhynchus sulcatus F. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), continues to cause economically significant losses in horticultural crops due to an inability to reliably detect the presence of this species before crop damage occurs. To improve vine weevil monitoring we investigated the behavioural responses of adult vine weevils to visual (monitoring tool shade/colour, height and diameter as well as the effect of monitoring tool and plant density) and olfactory (host plant and conspecifics) cues under glasshouse conditions.

RESULTS

Monitoring tool shade, height and diameter all influenced monitoring tool efficacy, with individuals exhibiting a preference for black, tall and wide monitoring tools. The total number of individuals recorded in monitoring tools increased with monitoring tool density. By contrast, plant density did not influence the number of individuals recorded in monitoring tools. Yew-baited monitoring tools retained a larger number of individuals compared to unbaited ones. Similarly, more vine weevils were recorded in monitoring tools baited with yew and conspecifics than in unbaited monitoring tools or those baited with only yew. Baiting monitoring tools with conspecifics alone did not enhance the number of vine weevils recorded in monitoring tools.

CONCLUSIONS

Our study confirms that visual and olfactory cues influence vine weevil behaviour. This provides information on key factors that influence vine weevil monitoring tool efficacy and can be used to inform the development of a new monitoring tool for this pest. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.     

Current status of red palm weevil in Turkey

The red palm weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier) is the most serious pest of palms in Turkey. Weevil infestation was first detected in Turkey in summer 2005 in parks and gardens of Mersin province, along the Mediterreanean coast of Turkey. Following the discovery of the pest, destruction of infested plant material, prophylactic insecticide chemical treatments, as well as adult weevil trapping were carried out on palm plantations. Traps containing a commercial aggregation pheromone were hung on palm trees at a high density, in order to monitor the pest infestation and reduce the weevil population by mass trapping. A significant decrease in the number of trapped beetles and destruction of infested plant material was observed in 2009 and continued in the following years in several cities in Turkey. Therefore, it has been observed that mass trapping and curative pesticide applications have played a significant role in the suppression of R. ferrugineus populations in palm plantations.     

青海高原干旱地区藜麦害虫与天敌名录及5种害虫记述

为了明确青海高原干旱地区最近几年引种的藜麦Chenopodium quinoa Willd.上的害虫种类、发生规律、为害程度以及天敌资源种类,2014年—2017年我们对本地区藜麦田内的害虫及其天敌进行了系统的调查统计,分别将它们整理成害虫、天敌名录。截至目前,发现为害藜麦的昆虫36种,分属于5目15科,并未发现检疫性害虫,在藜麦田调查到天敌21种,分属于2纲7目12科,其中昆虫纲18种,蛛形纲3种。本文弄清了藜麦上的主要及次要害虫种类,研究了它们的为害特点及发生规律,明确了萹蓄齿胫叶甲Gastrophysa polygoni Linnaeus、黄曲条跳甲Phyllotreta vittuta Fabricius、横纹菜蝽Eurydema gebleri Kolenati、菠菜潜叶蝇Pegomya exilis Meigen及宽胫夜蛾Melicleptria scutosa Schiffermüller等害虫的生物学特性与为害规律,分析了它们的可能重要来源途径。鉴于本地区高寒、高海拔、盐碱、干旱的特殊生境,结合生产实际提出了针对藜麦害虫的绿色安全防控措施。     

The use of sniffing dogs for the detection of Rhynchophorus ferrugineus

The red palm weevil (RPW) Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae) is the most serious pest of Canary Island date palms (Phoenix canariensis Hort. ex Chabaud) and date palms (Phoenix dactylifera L.). Early infestations of this invasive weevil are difficult to detect under field conditions. The adults are very elusive and not visible inside the dense frond of the palms. Efficient methods for detecting this pest are needed for its successful management under field conditions and in particular at ports of entry to avoid its' spreading via infested imported palms. The present study evaluated the ability of Rottweiler and Golden Retriever dogs (Canis familiaris L.) to detect Canary Island palms that were baited with RPW adults or larvae under field conditions. During these experiments, the dogs successfully detected 78% of the baits hidden in the crown of the palms. These encouraging results need to be confirmed by evaluation of the performance of sniffing dogs in detection of naturally infested palms of different species.