复方黄芪对雏鸡免疫功能的增强作用

近几年，传染性法氏囊病（IBD）已成为威胁我国养鸡业的主要疫病之一。由于IBD超强毒和IBDV血清亚型（或变异株）的出现，使IBD病鸡死亡率明显上升。在世界范围内，IBD疫苗免疫失败时有发生。因此，如何提高IBD疫苗的免疫效果成为许多学者感兴趣的研究课题，免疫增效剂的研究就是其中之一。目前被证实有免疫增强作用的物质不下几十种，如卡介苗、转移因子等。然而市售免疫增效剂都制备复杂，价格昂贵，并多有副作用。     

鸡传染性法氏囊病模拟抗原苗免疫作用的探讨

用鸡传染性法氏囊病毒（IBDV）免疫雏鸡，纯化其IgG(Ab1)免疫兔制备Ab2,Ab2经正常鸡IgG(NC-IgG）和IBD抗原（Ag）吸收后，加佐剂免疫雏鸡，免疫保护指数：Ab2组分别为：100％、100％、90％；对照组：0％。重复实验：50只雏鸡接种3次Ab2免疫，能抵抗IBD强毒攻击，该试验证实：IBD模拟抗原苗在IBD免疫中的应用价值。     

制备抗鸡传染性法氏囊病卵黄抗体方法的比较

近年来,传染性法氏囊病(IBD)在全国各地呈爆发性流行,造成了严重的经济损失。鉴于IBD疫苗免疫效果不够理想和应用不普及,而抗IBD高免卵黄抗体疗效显著等情况,我们选用了三种免疫方法制备抗IBD卵黄抗体,并比较了三种免疫方法制备的抗IBD卵黄抗体的消长规律。试验结果表明三种免疫方法均可用于抗IBD卵黄抗体的制备,但以两次佐剂组织灭活苗免疫法最好。现报告如下。1 材料和方法1.1 免疫鸡选用外观健康的卵黄中无细菌的海赛克斯蛋鸡作为免疫鸡。     

鸡传染性腔上囊病病毒三价活疫苗的安全性和免疫原性试验

用IBD I型标准毒株（B87株）接种易感鸡胚，收获感染鸡胚，用IBD I型亚型M－98株和I型变异株MB株接种鸡胚成纤维细胞（CEF），收获感染的细胞培养液，制备抗原液，加适宜保护剂，经冷冻真空干燥制备三价活疫苗3批。3批疫苗对9日龄无IBD母源抗体的雏鸡以10倍使用剂量点眼、滴鼻和口服，安全性良好；对9日龄易感雏鸡以1／5使用剂量疫苗点眼、滴鼻和口服，20d后用IBDV强毒攻击，3批疫苗对雏鸡的保护率分别为100％、90％和90％。     

用蛋白A胶体金免疫电镜技术检测传染性法氏囊病病毒

近年来,传染性法氏囊病（IBD）的发生和流行出现了新的特点,亚临床IBD的发病率显著增加,尤其是变异毒株的不断出现,给IBD的确诊带来了较大困难,造成巨大的经济损失。在IBD现有的众多诊断技术中,电镜技术特别是免疫电镜技术是最为快速、准确的诊断方法之一,但由于较难掌握合适的抗原、抗体结合浓度,有时得不到满意的结果。为探索简便、快速、敏感、特异的诊断方法,应用PAGIEM检测了疑为IBD的鸡法氏囊病料,现将结果报道如下。     

鸡传染性法氏囊病的诊断及防治

传染性家禽疾病影响家禽动物的健康,同时还可能对人类的健康造成威胁,如禽流感等,因此要重视防治家禽疾病。IBD是一种常见的鸡传染性疾病,该病可能引起鸡只大量死亡,因此要重视诊断及防治该病。本文结合实践经验对IBD的诊断方法进行了探讨,包括根据IBD的临床症状确诊、病理剖检及试验诊断;同时分析了IBD的防治措施,包括强化管理鸡舍、肌肉注射免疫血清等。     

应用对流免疫电泳检测鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒抗原和抗体

应用鸡传染性法氏囊病（IBD）血清抗体检测病毒抗原，对流免疫电泳试验（CIET）法比琼脂扩散（AGP）法检出率高50％；而和IBD抗原检测其血清抗体，CIET比AGP有60％血样抗体效价高1－2个滴度，CIET法比AGP法的检测速度快23－37个小时，CIET是一种简易、快速、敏感度较高的检测方法，可用于IBD的检测与诊断。     

鸡传染性法氏囊病二价弱毒细胞苗的研制

鸡传染性法氏囊病(IBD)的预防主要靠接种疫苗,我国目前使用的IBD疫苗种类繁多,大多数为IBD血清I型毒株制备的鸡胚组织苗和细胞苗.     

兔抗鸡传染性法氏囊病抗体的制备和纯化

采用自然发病的传染性法氏囊病（IBD）病鸡的法氏囊组织制作鸡IBD油佐剂灭活苗,用鸡IBD油佐剂灭活苗多点皮下注射健康成年兔,获得高免兔抗鸡IBDV血清,经过盐析、透析的方法制备高纯度的兔抗鸡IBDV高免IgG。兔血清中抗体效价为1∶128,蛋白质含量为40.3~48.8 mg/ml;纯化后效价为1∶32,蛋白质含量为18.0~23.0 mg/ml。用此试剂对安徽部分地区疑似鸡IBD的病例进行了诊断,取得良好效果。该试剂为临床琼脂扩散试验(AGP)检测IBDV抗原提供高效价的抗体,并为临床免疫组化法检测IBDV提供可靠的抗体。     

鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒形态及免疫电镜的研究

我们对上海地区鸡传染性法氏囊病(IBD)作了流行病学的调查与诊断,为了进一步明确我们分离的该病病原形态结构及免疫电镜的特异性等,特进行本研究。试验材料 1 病毒我们分离的IBD病毒有Q、Q_1、Q_2、Q_3、J及N株。IBD的D78株病毒为荷兰引进。 2 免疫血清以D78株病毒的高免鸡制备免疫血清。方法与结果一、病毒形态观察分别取Q、Q_1 Q_2、Q_3、J及N株的鸡胚培养病毒悬液,冻融三次,3000转/分离心20     

4株鸡IBD活疫苗对鸡ND免疫抗体的影响

４株不同毒力鸡传染性法氏囊病（ＩＢＤ）活疫苗,分别接种３０ｄＳＰＦ公维,４ｄ后再接种鸡新城（ＮＤ）Ｌａｓｏｔａ系活疫苗,同时每组捕杀５只,观察法氏囊损伤情况,另４组用同１天的ＳＰＦ公无接种ＮＤ－Ｌａｓｏｔｑ系疫苗４天后再接种不同毒力的ＩＢＤ疫苗。试验结果表明,４株ＩＢＤ活疫苗对雏鸡法氏囊不同程度损伤,并且对ＮＤ免疫抗体产生有明显抑制作用。     

IBD疫苗免疫SPF雏鸡局部黏膜组织的免疫学变化

应用组织化学染色法和免疫酶组织化学法,研究IBD疫苗免疫SPF雏鸡后,雏鸡哈德氏腺和盲肠扁桃体的T细胞及IgA、IgM和IgG抗体生成细胞数量的动态变化。结果发现,免疫雏鸡上述局部免疫组织的各项免疫指标较对照雏鸡均不同程度地增高,表明疫苗免疫能显著提高雏鸡眼部、消化道局部黏膜免疫功能;IBD强毒攻击后,对照雏鸡上述指标明显低于疫苗免疫雏鸡,且发生典型IBD全部死亡,而疫苗免疫雏鸡免疫保护率达60%。     

几种法氏囊活疫苗对鸡法氏囊损伤及免疫抑制作用的比较

探讨了鸡传染性法氏囊病（ＩＢＤ）活疫苗对鸡新城疫活苗免疫的影响。将四种ＩＢＤ活苗分别接种３０日龄ＳＰＦ公雏,４天后再免疫鸡新城疫ＬａＳｏｔａ系活疫苗,同时法氏囊损伤情况。试验结果表明,所选ＩＢＤ活疫苗对雏鸡法氏囊均有不同程度地损伤,并且诱导产生ＮＤ－ＨＩ抗体的时间被推迟。     

Pathological and immunological study of an in ovo complex vaccine against infectious bursal disease

The appearance of very virulent strains of infectious bursal disease (IBD) virus at the end of the 1980s made it necessary to develop more effective immunization procedures. To facilitate this, the immunogenicity and the immunosuppressive effect of a mild (G-87), an intermediate (LIBD) and an intermediate-plus (IBDV 2512) IBDV strain were tested after the in ovo inoculation of 18-day-old SPF and broiler chicken embryos. It was established that no noteworthy difference existed between the immunized and the control embryos in hatching rate and hatching weight. The higher the virulence of the vaccine virus strain, the more severe damage it caused to the lymphocytes of the bursa of Fabricius. In SPF chickens, the haemagglutination inhibition (HI) titres induced by a Newcastle disease (ND) vaccine administered at day old decreased in inverse ratio to the virulence of the IBD vaccine strain, while in broiler chickens this was not observed. Despite the decrease of the HI titre, the level of protection did not decline, or did so only after the use of the 'hot' strain. SPF chickens immunized in ovo with a complex vaccine prepared from strain IBDV 2512 and IBD antibody showed the same protection against Newcastle disease as the broilers. In broiler chicken embryos immunized in ovo, only strain IBDV 2512 induced antibody production, and such chickens were protected against IBD at 3 weeks of age. The complex vaccine administered in ovo has been used successfully at farm hatcheries as well.     

Effect of the Immunity Efficacy of IBD Immune Complex Vaccine on ND La Sota Vaccine

1-day-old SPF chickens and commercial Jingfen chickens were vaccinated with IBD immune complex(IC) vaccine, NDV La Sota vaccine were inoculated simultaneously every one week and every two weeks.NDV La Sota immunization alone was as the control group.At the 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th week post inoculation, blood samples were taken and the ND HI antibody were tested.Experimental chickens were challenged with high virulent NDV at the 5th week post inoculation, the protective rate of each group was calculated.The results showed the ND HI antibody were not significant different in the combined immunization of IBD IC vaccine priming and NDV La Sota vaccine boost and NDV La Sota vaccine alone immunization (P>0.05).The results indicated that IBD IC vaccine has no immunosuppression on NDV La Sota vaccine in SPF chickens and commercial Jingfen chickens.     

鸡新城疫、传染性法氏囊病二联活疫苗和单苗研究

用实验室研制的鸡新城疫(La Sota株),鸡传染性法氏囊病(NF8株)单苗和二联活疫苗分别免疫7日龄SPF鸡以及有母源抗体的雏鸡研究其免疫效力。结果表明:用二联活疫苗免疫SPF雏鸡后,NF8株与La Sota株间不产生明显的相互干扰作用,攻毒保护率与各自的单苗相比无明显差异。用二联活疫苗免疫有母源抗体的雏鸡后,只进行一次免疫,新城疫免疫效果较好,但法氏囊免疫效果稍差,不能完全保护;一免后10天再进行第二次加强免疫,其抗体水平、攻毒后的保护率与各自的单苗相比无明显差异,具有完全保护效力。     

免疫增强剂对IBD疫苗免疫雏鸡局部黏膜免疫功能的影响

分别将免疫增强剂“禽福”和“Inmunair”与鸡传染性法氏囊病（IBD）中等毒力活疫苗配合使用,检测免疫雏鸡哈德尔氏腺和盲肠扁桃体T细胞及IgA、IgM和IgG抗体生成细胞数量。泪液、气管液、胆汁、肠液中免疫球蛋白IgG、IgM、IgA含量的动态变化,结果发现,应用免疫增强剂IBD疫苗免疫雏鸡上述局部免疫组织及四种局部体液的相应各项免疫检测指标均较IBD疫苗单独免疫雏鸡不同程度地增高,表明免疫增强剂与疫苗联合应用,能显著提高疫苗免疫雏鸡眼部、呼吸道和消化道局部黏膜免疫功能;而IBD强毒攻击后,疫苗单独免疫雏鸡上述指标明显低于应用免疫增强剂的疫苗免疫雏鸡,同时。后者对IBD强毒攻击的有效抵抗力明显高于前者。     

Pathogenicity and immunosuppressive properties of infectious bursal disease "intermediate" strains

This study was conducted to test the pathogenicity and immunosuppressive effects of seven commercially available infectious bursal disease (IBD) vaccines. These vaccine strains are intermediate in their pathogenicity in susceptible specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens. One-day-old and 3-week-old SPF chickens were vaccinated with these vaccines. Two weeks after IBD vaccination, they were vaccinated with Newcastle disease virus (NDV). The pathogenic and immunosuppressive effects of the IBD vaccines were evaluated by the antibody response to NDV vaccination, the bursa: body weight index, and histopathological lesions of the bursa. It was found that these strains were highly variable in their virulence and immunosuppressive properties. Three of the strains tested were found to be highly virulent and immunosuppressive; two others were moderate; and two could be classified as mild.     

免疫增强剂"禽福"和"Inmunair"对IBD疫苗免疫雏鸡外周血液免疫学变化的影响

分别将免疫增强剂"禽福"和"Inmunair"与鸡传染性法氏囊病(IBD)中等毒力活疫苗配合使用,检测免疫雏鸡外周血液T、B细胞数量及血清免疫球蛋白IgG、IgM和IgA含量的动态变化,结果发现,应用免疫增强剂的IBD疫苗免疫雏鸡外周血液各项免疫检测指标均较IBD疫苗单独免疫雏鸡有不同程度地增高,表明免疫增强剂与疫苗联合应用,能显著提高疫苗免疫雏鸡全身免疫功能;而IBD强毒攻击后,疫苗单独免疫雏鸡上述指标明显低于应用免疫增强剂的疫苗免疫雏鸡,同时,后者对IBD强毒攻击的有效抵抗力明显高于前者。     

传染性法氏囊病疫苗免疫雏鸡局部体液的免疫学变化

应用间接ELISA法,检测了传染性法氏囊病疫苗免疫雏鸡4种局部体液(泪液、气管液、胆汁、肠液)免疫球蛋白IgG、IgM、IgA含量的动态变化。结果发现免疫雏鸡局部体液3种免疫球蛋白含量较未免疫对照雏鸡均有不同程度地升高;IBD超强毒株攻击后,对照雏鸡上述指标均明显低于疫苗免疫雏鸡,发生典型IBD,并全部死亡,而疫苗免疫雏鸡免疫保护率达60%,表明疫苗免疫后,可增强雏鸡的局部体液免疫功能。