Antiviral lanostanoid triterpenes from the fungus Ganoderma pfeifferi

Ganodermadiol, lucidadiol and applanoxidic acid G were isolated as first triterpenes from the European Basidiomycete Ganoderma pfeifferi. The compounds show antiviral activity against influenza virus type A and HSV type 1.     

Bioactive metabolites from the endophytic fungus Alternaria alternata

Two altenuene derivatives (1–2) and one isocoumarin (3), together with six known compounds (4–9) were isolated from solid cultures of an endophytic fungus Alternaria alternata, obtained from the fresh branches of Camellia sinensis. Chiral analysis revealed the racemic nature of 1 and 2, which were subsequently resolved into two pairs of enantiomers [(+)-1 and (−)-1, (+)-2 and (−)-2]. Structures of all the isolates were identified through spectroscopic data. Absolute configurations of the two pairs of enantiomers were determined by electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculation and the chiral center of C-10 in 3 was deduced via [Rh₂(OCOCF₃)₄]-induced CD experiment. All the isolates were evaluated for their antimicrobial abilities against the pathogenic bacteria and fungi as well as cytotoxic activities against two human tumor cell lines. Compound 5 was the most active against Bacillus subtilis with MIC₈₀ of 8.6 μg/ml, and compounds 1–3, 6–7 and 9 exhibited moderate to weak inhibition towards the test pathogenic microorganism. Compound 4 showed mild cytotoxic activity against human osteosarcoma cells U2OS with IC₅₀ of 28.3 μM.     

Isolation, purification and identification of polysaccharides from cultured Cordyceps militaris

Four polysaccharides from the water extract of cultured Cordyceps militaris were isolated through ethanol precipitation, deproteination and gel-filtration chromatography. Their molecular weights were determined using gel-filtration chromatography. Among the four isolated polysaccharides, the structures of two of them (CPS-2 and CPS-3) were elucidated by sugar analysis, Smith degradation, IR and (13)C-NMR spectroscopy.     

Trichalasins C and D from the plant endophytic fungus Trichoderma gamsii

Two new cytochalasans, trichalasins C (1) and D (2) together with known cytochalasans aspochalasins D (3), M (4) and P (5) were isolated from one endophytic fungus Trichoderma gamsii inhabiting in traditional medicinal plant Panax notoginseng (BurK.) F.H.Chen. The structures for the new compounds 1 and 2 were determined by NMR and HRESIMS, and their relative configurations were established by analysis of coupling constants and NOESY correlations. Compound 3 displaying inhibitory activity with EC₅₀ value 5.72 μM, whereas the EC₅₀ values for compounds 1, 2 and 4, 5 are more than 40 μM.     

Mono- and bis-furanone derivatives from the endolichenic fungus Peziza sp.

Seven new mono- and bis-furanones, pezizolides A–G (1–7), have been isolated from the crude extract of the endolichenic fungus Peziza sp. inhabiting the lichen Xanthoparmelia sp. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated mainly by NMR and MS methods. The absolute configuration of 1–4 was assigned by the application of CD exciton chirality method, and 1 was further supported by electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations, whereas that of 5 was deduced by Snatzke's method following the relative configuration analysis of its acetonide. The cytotoxity and antimicrobial activity of compounds 1–7 were tested.     

Cyclohexanone derivatives with cytotoxicity from the fungus Penicillium commune

Four new cyclohexanone derivatives (2–5) and one known analog, (−)-Palitantin (1) were isolated from the EtOAc extract of Penicillium commune, a fungal strain of low-temperature habitats. The structures of 2–5 were determined on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis. Furthermore, the absolute configuration of 2 was assigned by electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations, whereas that 3–5 were deduced via the CD data. Cytotoxicities of 2–5 against five human carcinoma cell lines (Hela, A549, MCF7, HCT116, T24) were evaluated.     

Isolation and biological properties of polysaccharide CPS-1 from cultured Cordyceps militaris

A polysaccharide from the water extract of cultured Cordyceps militaris was isolated through ethanol precipitation, deproteination and gel-filtration chromatography. Their molecular weight was determined using gel-filtration chromatography. The structure of polysaccharide CPS-1 was elucidated by sugar analysis, Smith degradation, IR and 13C-NMR spectroscopy. CPS-1 was shown to possess a significant antiinflammatory activity and suppressed the humoral immunity in mice but had no significant effects on the cellular immunity and the non-specific immunity.     

Protection of chronic renal failure by a polysaccharide from Cordyceps sinensis

A water-soluble polysaccharide (CPS-2), isolated from the cultured Cordyceps sinensis, was obtained by hot-water extraction, anion-exchange and gel permeation chromatography. Its structural characteristics were investigated by PMP pre-column derivation, periodate oxidation, methylation analysis, FTIR and NMR spectroscopy. CPS-2 was found to be mostly of α-(1 → 4)-d-glucose and α-(1 → 3)-D-mannose, branched with α-(1 → 4,6)-d-glucose every twelve residues on average. CPS-2 had a molecular weight of 4.39 × 10⁴ Da. The protective effect of CPS-2 on the model of chronic renal failure was established by fulgerizing kidney. The changes in blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine revealed that CPS-2 could significantly relieve renal failure caused by fulgerizing kidney.     

蛹虫草固体培养菌质粗多糖提取与分离工艺研究

为探明蛹虫草固体发酵新型培养基茵质中多糖的含量及结构,并探明回流提取方法对此类培养基中多糖提取的条件。采用正交实验确定最佳提取条件,采用苯酚一硫酸法测定茵质中的多糖含量,并用阴离子交换柱进一步分离粗多糖。结果：回流提取的最佳条件为80℃下,料液比1：20回流提取2h,提取次数为3次。在此条件下多糖含量为6．93％。其DPPH清除率可达50％以上,粗多糖经阴离子柱分离得到3种不同的糖蛋白。结论：该实验方法操作简易,条件易控制,结果精准,适合此种培养基中蛹虫草多糖的测定及分离纯化。     

Stereochemical determination of new cytochalasans from the plant endophytic fungus Trichoderma gamsii

Three new cytochalasans, trichalasins E (1), F (2) and H (7), together with four known analogues, trichalasin C (3), aspochalasin K (4), trichalasin G (5) and aspergillin PZ (8), were isolated from one endophytic fungus Trichoderma gamsii inhabiting in the traditional medicinal plant Panax notoginseng (BurK.) F.H. Chen. Trichalasins E (1) contains a unique hydroperoxyl group, which is the first report in all known analogues, whereas trichalasin H (7) possesses the rare 6/5/6/6/5 pentacyclic skeleton with 12-oxatricyclo [6.3.1.0^2,7] moiety as that of aspergillin PZ (8). The relative configurations of the new compounds were characterized by analysis of coupling constants and ROESY correlations, and the absolute configurations of trichalasins E (1), H (7) and aspergillin PZ (8) were determined by modified Mosher’s reaction. In addition, compounds 1–5, 7 and 8 were tested cytotoxic activities against several cancer cell lines.     

Antibacterial triterpenes from the threatened wood-decay fungus Fomitopsis rosea

From a biologically active extract from the fungus Fomitopsis rosea, two new lanostane triterpenes were isolated, 3α-(3′-butylcarboxyacetoxy)oxepanoquercinic acid C 1 and 3α-hydroxy-24-methylene-23-oxolanost-8-en-26-carboxylic acid 2, along with three known triterpenes, 3–5, and the epidioxy sterol derivative 6. The structures of the compounds were elucidated based on their spectral properties. All triterpenes demonstrated antibacterial activity against S. aureus but possessed no antiradical activity against DPPH radicals.     

松突圆蚧生防菌的毒力试验

将广西大学林学院提供的菌株喷施于被松突圆蚧侵染的松树树冠上,结果表明:5种生防菌对松突圆蚧的致死率均远远高于松突圆蚧的自然死亡率,防治效果显著。第1次试验进行后的第125天和第2次试验进行后的第85天再次对松突圆蚧的死亡率进行统计,结果表明菌液对松突圆蚧的防治作用可以持续4个月左右。     

Armillaramide, a new sphingolipid from the fungus Armillaria mellea.

A new C(18)-phytosphingosine ceramide containing non-hydroxy fatty acid, armillaramide (1), has been isolated together with ergosterol peroxide from the fruiting bodies of the basidiomycete Armillaria mellea. Its structure was established as (2S,3S,4R)-2-hexadecanoylamino-octadecane-1,3,4-triol by spectroscopic and chemical methods.     

不同林区蛹虫草活性成分含量的比较

蛹虫草(Cordyceps militaris),别名蛹草、北虫草、北冬虫夏草,是著名药材冬虫夏草(Cordyceps sinensis)的近缘种,也是虫草属真菌的模式种,具有和冬虫夏草类似的活性成分和医疗保健功效(梁宗琦,2007).     

富硒虫草新型饲料的制备

为了研发一种富硒新型发酵饲料,试验采用蛹虫草培养残基及富硒黄粉虫作为原料,加以豆粕、生物饲料发酵剂进行发酵。通过对饲料中各营养成分含量的测定,确定制备的新型饲料配方为:90g蛹虫草培养残基,10g黄豆豆粕和10g富硒黄粉虫(硒含量为0.3mg/kg),生物饲料发酵剂含量100mg/kg。试验数据表明,饲料中硒、粗蛋白、粗纤维、总磷、铜、水分含量均符合猪饲料国家标准含量,且保留了一定量的蛹虫草活性物质(虫草多糖含量为28.47mg/g,虫草酸含量为19.37mg/g),在饲料工业、养殖业领域均有广阔的应用前景和经济价值。     

Meroterpenes and azaphilones from marine mangrove endophytic fungus Penicillium 303#

Three new metabolites (compounds 1–2 and 6), one azaphilone, and two meroterpenes, together with eleven known compounds have been isolated from a mangrove endophytic fungus, Penicillium 303#. Structure elucidation was achieved by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy. The absolute configurations of 1 and 2 were determined by electronic circular dichroism (ECD). Cytotoxic activities of new compounds 1–2 and 6 and compound 7were evaluated in vitro against human cancer lines MDA-MB-435, HepG2, HCT-116, and A549. Those compounds showed weak to moderate cytotoxic activities.     

Xanthone derivatives from the fermentation products of an endophytic fungus Phomopsis sp.

Three new xanthones, 1,5-dihydroxy-3-hydroxyethyl-6-methoxycarbonylxanthone (1), 1-hydroxy-5- methoxy-3-hydroxyethyl-6-methoxycarbonylxanthone (2), and 1-hydroxy-3-hydroxyethyl- 8-ethoxycarbonylxanthone (3), along with seven known xanthones (4–10) were isolated from the fermentation products of an endophytic fungus Phomopsis sp.. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods including extensive 1D- and 2D-NMR techniques. Compounds 1–10 were also tested for their cytotoxicity against five human tumor cell lines (NB4, A549, SHSY5Y, PC3, and MCF7) by MTT method using paclitaxel as positive control. Compounds 1 and 3 showed cytotoxicity against A549 cell lines with IC50 values of 3.6 and 2.5 μM, respectively. In addition, 1 was cytotoxic to MCF7 cells with IC50 value of 2.7 μM.     

蛹虫草栽培应用研究

文章介绍了蛹虫草的发现及鉴定、分类、形态特征、分布、生活环境、生活史及人工栽培应用研究。     

Isolation and identification of a new anti-inflammatory cyathane diterpenoid from the medicinal fungus Cyathus hookeri Berk

A new cyathane diterpene, named as cyathin I (1), as well as two known cyathane diterpenes (12R)-11a,14a-epoxy-13a,14b,15-trihydroxycyath-3-ene (2) and erinacine I (3), were isolated from the liquid culture of Cyathus hookeri Berk. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis. Compounds 1–3 showed inhibition against nitric oxide production in macrophages with an IC₅₀ value of 15.5, 52.3, and 16.8 μM, respectively.     

Polyketides with antimicrobial activity from the solid culture of an endolichenic fungus Ulocladium sp

Two new polyketides, 7-hydroxy-3, 5-dimethyl-isochromen-1-one (1) and 6-hydroxy-8-methoxy-3a-methyl-3a,9b-dihydro-3H-furo[3,2-c]isochromene-2,5-dione (2), along with eleven known compounds, 5′-methoxy-6-methyl-biphenyl-3,4,3′-triol (3), 7-hydroxy-3-(2-hydroxy-propyl)-5-methyl-isochromen-1-one (4), rubralactone (5), isoaltenuene (6), altenuene (7), dihydroaltenuenes A (8), altenusin (9), alterlactone (10), 6-O-methylnorlichexanthone (11), norlichexanthone (12), and griseoxanthone C (13) were isolated from the culture of the endolichenic fungus Ulocladium sp. Compound 2 was obtained as a racemate with an unprecedented chemical skeleton. The NMR data assignments for 3 and 4 were achieved for the first time. Compounds 1-13 were screened for their antimicrobial and radical scavenging activities. Compound 1 showed some antifungal activity against Candida albicans SC 5314 with IC₅₀ of 97.93 ± 1.12 μM. Compounds 11-13 showed strong activity against Bacillus subtilis with IC₅₀ in the range of 1-5 μM. Compound 12 significantly inhibited the growth of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus with IC₅₀ of 20.95 ± 1.56 μM. Compounds 9 and 10 showed strong radical scavenging activity in comparison with vitamin C. The plausible biosynthetic pathways for compounds 1, 2, and 4-8 were discussed.