Triterpenes from Adiantum lunulactum

The petrol extract of the whole plant of Adiantum lunuactum yielded a new hopane triterpenoid characterized as 6 alpha-acetoxy-16 beta,22-dihydroxy-3-ketoisohopane, along with the known 3beta,6 alpha,16 beta,22-tetrahydroxyisohopane (mollugogenol A). The structures were elucidated by spectral as well as chemical studies.     

Triterpenes from Licania licaniaeflora.

Nine triterpenoids with lupane, oleanane, and ursane skeleton have been isolated and characterized from the leaves of Licania licaniaeflora. The structural identification was based on (1)H and (13)C-NMR spectral data.     

大扁杏丰产栽培技术要点

扼要介绍了大扁杏丰产栽培方面的技术要点,旨在为发展好、利用好、推广好、维护好宝贵的扁杏资源。     

无梗五加果多糖与黄酮类化合物的研究

采用薄层色谱法对树脂纯化后的无梗五加果总黄酮进行了研究,表明以聚酰胺为固定相、微乳液为展开剂进行薄层层析鉴定效果最好,共分得9个组分.各种层析条件下的Rf值分析表明,无梗五加果中含药用成分金丝桃苷,未发现芦丁和槲皮素.采用HPLC法对经脱色、脱蛋白、DEAE52纤维素柱层析得到的主要多糖组分ASP-Ⅰ、ASP-Ⅱ进行单糖组成和纯度、相对分子质量(Mr)测定,表明无梗五加果多糖单糖组成为甘露糖、氨基葡萄糖、鼠李糖、葡萄糖醛酸、半乳糖醛酸、葡萄糖、半乳糖、木糖及岩藻糖,主要由Mr为21 800、147 000、45 400和18 100的4种均一多糖组成;其中,均一多糖ASP-Ⅰ由半乳糖和鼠李糖组成,物质的量之比为1∶0.7,Mr为18 100.对水提醇沉后得到的无梗五加果多糖进行生物活性研究表明,其具有抗疲劳和耐缺氧的能力.     

花椒树蛀干害虫--台湾狭天牛生物学特性初步研究

台湾狭天牛是花椒树上的主要蛀干害虫,１年发生１代,主要以幼虫在树干坑道内越冬。翌年６月上旬始见成虫,幼虫孵出后钻蛀树干,连续多年为害,直至寄主死亡。     

超声波提取刺五加主要酚苷及苷元的工艺优化

采用超声波提取的方法从刺五加根茎中提取紫丁香苷、刺五加苷E和异秦皮啶等有效成分,考察超声波提取时间、乙醇体积分数、料液比和超声波功率等因素对提取的影响.应用Box-Behnken中心组合进行3因素3水平的试验设计,分别以3种目标产物的得率与纯度作为响应值进行工艺优化.响应面法优化后提取工艺条件为:乙醇体积分数59.66%、刺五加与乙醇的料液比1:6(g:mL)、提取时间44.9 min、超声波功率150 W.最佳条件下浸膏中刺五加主要酚苷及苷元的质量分数为2.923%,其中含紫丁香苷1.3%,刺五加苷E 1.53%,异秦皮啶0.093%;浸膏得率为6.77%.     

Cycloartane triterpenoids from the stems of Schisandra glaucescens and their bioactivity

Five new cycloartane triterpenoids, schiglausins K-O (1-5), including one hexanortriterpenoid (1) and one octanortriterpenoid (2), as well as two known compounds (6-7), were isolated from the stems of Schisandra glaucescens Diels. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic methods, including extensive NMR spectra. Compounds 2-7 were tested for their FXR agonistic and antagonistic effects. Compound 7 exhibited significant antagonistic effect against FXR with IC(50) of 1.50 μM.     

Triterpenes from the resin of Protium heptaphyllum.

From the neutral fraction of the resin of Protium heptaphyllum, a mixture of alpha- and beta-amyrin, a mixture of maniladiol and brein have been isolated as main components, and the novel 3 beta,24-dihydroxy-urs-12-ene (1), 3-oxo-20S-hydroxytaraxastane (2) and 3 beta,20S-dihydroxytaraxastane (3) as minor components. NMR data of the last three compounds are provided.     

Cycloartane saponins from Astragalus peregrinus as modulators of lymphocyte proliferation.

From Astragalus peregrinus, four cycloartane-type saponins have been isolated and their structures elucidated by spectral means as 20(R),24(S)-epoxy-9 beta,19-cyclolanostane-3 beta,6 alpha,16 beta,25-tetrol 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (1), 20(R),24(S)-epoxy-9 beta,19-cyclolanostane-3 beta,6 alpha,16 beta,25-tetrol 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (2), 20(R),24(S)-epoxy-9 beta,19-cyclolanostane-3 beta,6 alpha,16 beta,25-tetrol 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (3) and 20(R),25-epoxy-9 beta,19-cyclolanostane-3 beta,6 alpha,16 beta,24(S)-tetrol (24-O-acetyl)- 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-(6'-O-acetyl)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (4). Compounds 2 and 3 showed to stimulate the proliferation of mouse splenocytes and were not significantly cytotoxic.     

Triterpenes and steroids from the leaves of Aglaia exima (Meliaceae)

A study on the leaves of Aglaia exima led to the isolation of one new and seven known compounds: six triterpenoids and two steroids. Their structures were elucidated and analyzed mainly by using spectroscopic methods; 1D and 2D NMR, mass spectrometry, UV spectrometry and X-ray. All the triterpenoids and steroids were measured in vitro for their cytotoxic activities against eight cancer cell lines; lung (A549), prostate (DU-145), skin (SK-MEL-5), pancreatic (BxPC-3), liver (Hep G2), colon (HT-29), breast (MCF-7) and (MDA-MB-231). The new cycloartane triterpenoid, 24(E)-cycloart-24-ene-26-ol-3-one 1, showed potent cytotoxic activity against colon (HT-29) cancer cell line (IC₅₀ 11.5 μM).     

Triterpenes and steroids from the roots of Scorzonera austriaca

A new D:B-friedoolean-type triterpene, 3β-acetoxyglutin-5(10)-en-6-oxo (1), together with seventeen known compounds (2-18) was isolated from the roots of Scorzonera austriaca. Their structures were elucidated mainly by NMR and HR-ESI-MS, as well as on comparison with the reported data. Cytotoxicities of compounds 2, 4, 6, 10-14 and 16 against selected cancer cells of human promyelocytic leukemia (HL-60) and human hepatoma (BEL-7404) were measured in vitro.     

Cycloartane saponins from Astragalus peregrinus as modulators of lymphocyte proliferation

From Astragalus peregrinus, four cycloartane-type saponins have been isolated and their structures elucidated by spectral means as 20(R),24(S)-epoxy-9β,19-cyclolanostane-3β,6α,16β,25-tetrol 3-O-β- -glucopyranoside (1), 20(R),24(S)-epoxy-9β,19-cyclolanostane-3β,6α,16β,25-tetrol 3-O-α- -rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)-β- -glucopyranoside (2), 20(R),24(S)-epoxy-9β,19-cyclolanostane-3β,6α,16β,25-tetrol 3-O-α- -rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-β- -glucopyranoside (3) and 20(R),25-epoxy-9β,19-cyclolanostane-3β,6α,16β,24(S)-tetrol (24-O-acetyl)- 3-O-α- -rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-(6′-O-acetyl)-β- -glucopyranoside (4). Compounds 2 and 3 showed to stimulate the proliferation of mouse splenocytes and were not significantly cytotoxic.     

植物生长调节剂对红砂出苗及苗期生长的影响

采用5种植物生长调节剂溶液浸泡红砂种子进行容器育苗试验,结果表明:赤霉素能促进红砂种子的发芽,生根粉、吲哚丁酸、赤霉素、萘乙酸、肽蛋白对红砂苗高的影响较小,生根粉6号、赤霉素、萘乙酸、肽蛋白能显著促进红砂幼苗主根的伸长和地径的增粗,赤霉素和生根粉6号能显著增加红砂幼苗的单株干重。     

A new alkaloid from Fritillaria ussuriensis Maxim

Pingbeimunone A (1), a new compound, together with the known ussuriedine (2), benzo[7,8]fluoreno[2,1-b]quinolizine cevane-3,6,16,20-tetrol (3), ebeiedinone (4), pingbeimine C (5) and verticine (6) were isolated from Fritillaria ussuriensis. The structure was elucidated on the basis of spectral analysis (IR, NMR and MS spectroscopy). In addition, their AChE inhibitory activities were also tested.     

Cycloartane glycosides from Astragalus plumosus var. krugianus and evaluation of their antioxidant potential

The methanol extracts of Astragalus plumosus var. krugianus Chamb. & Matthews afforded sixteen cycloartane glycosides among which krugianoside A, was never reported before. All compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic activity in human skin fibroblast WS1 cells. For compounds exhibiting no significant effect on WS1 viability, the antioxidant potential was examined. Compounds 1 and 8 prevented elevation of ROS induced by t-BOOH, suggesting the potential activity of these compounds to protect fibroblasts from oxidative stress.     

Presence of longitudinal cracks in planks from storm-felled pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.)

Abstract

After the severe storm Gudrun in southern Sweden in 2005, a quantitative study was done in order to investigate the presence of lengthwise crack on planks taken from storm-felled trees in southern Sweden, compared to planks from standing trees not subjected to this storm (central Sweden). The main yield from each log was examined. In total, 1087 pine (Pinus sylvestris) planks and 3626 spruce (Picea abies) planks from the storm-struck area were investigated and compared to 1953 spruce and 2000 pine planks from trees outside the storm-struck area. The examination of cracks was done visually on dried planks. For pine, 51.7% of the planks from storm-felled trees had a total length longer than 0.5 m, compared to 7.3% for the reference material. As for spruce, 11.0% of the planks from storm-felled trees had a total crack length of more than 0.5 m, compared to the reference material where 2.2% had cracks longer than 0.5 m. The results show that the storm-felled trees had more longitudinal cracks than the reference material and that pine was more likely to develop storm-related cracks than spruce.     

红花忍冬的三萜类成分研究

对红花忍冬地上部分进行化学成分研究.分离鉴定了5个三萜类化合物:葳岩仙皂苷C(1)、木通皂苷D(2)、木通皂苷F(3)、熊果酸(4)和常春藤皂苷元(5).经文献检索,5个化合物均为首次从该种植物中分离得到,其中化合物4系首次从该属植物中分得.     

Development of oaks (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.) emerged from bird-dispersed seeds under old-growth pine (Pinus silvestris L.) stands

In East Germany, there are a lot of areas covered by old pine stands. They are growing on soils, on which under natural conditions without anthropogenic impact mixed stands of oak (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.) and pine (Pinus silvestris L.), would form a natural forest. An important objective of ecological silviculture in these areas is to convert the pure pine stands into mixed oak–pine stands by using natural regeneration methods. A highly appreciated assistant in this connection is the European jay (Garrulus glandarius L.). The remarkable results of its work have been found by analyzing the natural regeneration in a few old pine stands in the forest district of Weißwasser in Saxony. Although mother trees of oak are very scarce there, natural regeneration of oak was found everywhere in the research area. The oak regeneration, undoubtedly created by the jay, amounted to at least 2000 oaks/ha. They were mainly distributed at random, while pine regeneration was aggregated in places where gaps in the pine canopy occurred. Oak regeneration was established much earlier than pine regeneration. Thus, oaks exceeded pines in age, height and diameter. The oaks were also superior to pines concerning height increment for the last three years. Thus, there is a good chance for oak to defend its prevailing role in the regeneration in the future. Probably, the next forest generation will be composed of oak and pine trees. The analysis of the quality of the oak regeneration shows that there is no substantial difference to artificially sown oak stands. This indicates that the European jay creates oak stands sufficiently both in number and quality.     

红花忍冬的黄酮类成分研究

对红花忍冬(Lonicera syringanthaM axim.)干燥地上部分进行化学成分研究。分离鉴定了5个黄酮类化合物:木犀草素(Ⅰ)、木犀草素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(Ⅱ)、香叶木素(Ⅲ)、香叶木素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(Ⅳ)和柏黄酮(Ⅴ)。经文献检索,这5个化合物均为首次从该种植物中分离得到,其中化合物Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ系首次从该属植物中分得。     

密蒙花总黄酮清除自由基活性研究

为了解密蒙花总黄酮清除自由基的能力,利用紫外-可见分光光度法对比研究了密蒙花总黄酮对1,1-二苯基-2-苦基肼自由基(DPPH.)、羟基自由基(.OH)、2,2-联氮-二(3-乙基-苯并噻唑-6-磺酸)二铵盐自由基(ABTS+.)和超氧阴离子自由基(O2-.)的清除作用。结果表明,密蒙花总黄酮能有效清除DPPH.、.OH、ABTS+.和O2-.。当密蒙花总黄酮质量浓度达到4.8 mg/L时,对DPPH.、.OH、ABTS+.和O2-.清除率分别可达77.88%、35.42%、85.08%和56.91%。