羊种布鲁氏菌生物3型的分离和鉴定

本实验对新疆某羊场小尾寒羊5只流产胎儿进行布鲁氏菌病原分离、鉴定,结果从5只流产胎儿胃内容物中均分离到羊种布鲁氏菌生物3型。表明新疆羊群中存在羊种布鲁氏菌生物3型病原。     

粗糙型布鲁菌M111菌壳的制备

将含有裂解酶基因重组温控裂解质粒pBBR1MCS：：PR-PL-E电转化至粗糙型布鲁菌M111中,构建重组布鲁菌M111（pBBRlMCS：：PR-PL-E）。重组菌株在28℃培养,42℃诱导表达裂解酶E,从而制备布鲁菌菌壳。绘制布鲁菌生长曲线及裂解曲线,计算裂解率并用透射电镜观察布鲁菌菌壳的形态。结果显示,成功制备了布鲁菌菌壳,温控裂解质粒pBBRIMCS：：PR-PL-E对布鲁菌的裂解率为100％。透射电镜观察可见细菌内容物部分流出,细菌表面出现不同程度的皱缩,细胞形态发生变化。结果表明,本试验成功制备了粗糙型布鲁菌菌壳,初步研究了其基本特性,为下-步开展布鲁菌菌壳疫苗的研究奠定了基础。     

羊种布鲁氏菌Wzt基因的克隆及原核表达

为进一步研究Wzt蛋白在光滑型脂多糖合成路径中的作用,本试验利用PCR技术,以羊种布鲁氏菌16 M株基因组为模板,扩增出大小为759 bp的Wzt基因片段,将其连入pMD20-T载体,测序正确后构建重组质粒pET-28a-Wzt,转化E.coli BL21(DE3)工程菌,IPTG诱导其表达,最后用Western blotting鉴定蛋白。结果显示,扩增出的Wzt基因片段大小为759 bp,与GenBank中登录的羊种布鲁氏菌16 M株Wzt基因序列(登录号:AF047478.1)同源性为99.87%,证明成功克隆了Wzt基因,同时成功构建了pET-28a-Wzt原核表达载体,并在E.coli BL21(DE3)工程菌中表达了Wzt蛋白,诱导得到的融合蛋白大小约为30 ku,位于25～35 ku之间,与目的蛋白大小一致,结果表明成功表达了目的基因。     

羊种布鲁氏菌Omp10基因的克隆及原核表达

根据GenBank公布的羊布鲁氏菌(B.melitensis) M5-90株外膜蛋白(outer membrane protein,Omp)基因序列,设计1对引物,以其全基因组为模板,采用PCR技术对其进行扩增,得到381 bp的目的片段,连接入pMD20-T载体,转化E.coli DH5α感受态细胞;测序正确后,构建pET-28a-Omp10原核表达质粒,再将该质粒转化入E.coli BL21(DE3), IPTG诱导表达融合蛋白His-Omp10,用SDS-PAGE和Western blotting进行分析.结果表明, 成功构建了含Omp10基因的原核表达载体,并在E.coli BL21(DE3)中表达了Omp10基因,诱导得到的融合蛋白经鉴定与目的蛋白大小一致,证明Omp10得到成功表达.该试验为布鲁氏菌病的进一步研究奠定基础.     

羊种布鲁氏菌M5-90疫苗株铁应答调控因子irr和rirA基因缺失株的构建与鉴定

为研究铁调控因子irr和rirA在羊种布鲁氏菌（Brucella melitensis）感染过程中的作用,本研究通过卡那替换的方法构建两个缺失株M5-90Δirr和M5-90ΔrirA,分别将亲本株和缺失株在相同营养条件下培养36 h,观察其振荡培养时的生长变化趋势。分别将1×10⁸ CFU M5-90Δirr、M5-90ΔrirA和M5-90接种到含1.5 mol/L NaCl、pH 2.5、pH 11.5、10 mmol/L H₂O₂的1 mL布鲁氏菌液体培养基,比较缺失株和亲本株在不同条件下的生长特性;分别以1×10⁶ CFU M5-90Δirr、M5-90ΔrirA和M5-90感染小鼠巨噬细胞RAW264.7检测缺失株的黏附、侵袭和胞内生存能力。结果显示,在相同体外培养条件下缺失株M5-90Δirr和M5-90ΔrirA生长速度明显低于亲本株;M5-90Δirr、M5-90ΔrirA在高盐、强酸和强碱环境下生存率均显著或极显著低于亲本株（P<0.05;P<0.01）,在H₂O₂条件下这两个缺失株的生存率却显著高于亲本株（P<0.05）。与亲本株相比,缺失株在小鼠巨噬细胞RAW264.7内的侵袭和黏附能力均减弱,在感染后45 min缺失株M5-90Δirr和M5-90ΔrirA的黏附和侵袭能力均极显著低于亲本株（P<0.01）,但在感染后24 h,这两个缺失株在细胞内繁殖能力与亲本株相比有所增强。本研究报道了irr和rirA基因不仅调控了羊种布鲁氏菌的生长,同时对细菌黏附和侵袭能力也产生一定的影响,M5-90Δirr和M5-90ΔrirA是两株具有潜力的布鲁氏菌候选疫苗株。     

Cloning,Prokaryotic Expression and Bioinformatics Analysis of LpxB Gene of Brucella melitensis

The study was aimed to clone and express LpxB gene,and perform the bioinformatics analysis of protein.The genomic DNA of Brucella melitensis M5-90 was used as template.According to the genome sequence of M5-90 on GenBank,a pair of primers was designed.LpxB gene,which was 1 188 bp,was amplified by PCR,and was ligated into pMD20-T vector.The constructed recombinant plasmid pMD20-T-LpxB was transformed into E.coli DH5α.The recombinant plasmid was confirmed by endonuclease digestion and sequencing.The coding region of LpxB from pMD20-T was digested by BamHⅠ and XhoⅠ.Then,the fragment was inserted into prokaryotic expression vector pET-28a,and the positive plasmid was named pET-28a-LpxB.The pET-28a-LpxB was transformed into E.coli BL21 (DE3).The expressed protein was identified by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting.DNAMAN and BioEdit softwares were used to analyze the sequence of amino acids encoded LpxB gene.The results showed that the CDS of LpxB was successfully cloned and expressed.The secondary structure of LpxB protein consisted structure α -helix,extended strand,β-turn and random coil which accounted for 52.41％,14.94％,8.10％ and 24.55％,respectively.     

Cloning,Prokaryotic Expression and Bioinformation Analysis of dhbC Gene of Brucella melitensis

This study was aimed to clone and express dhbC gene of Brucella melitensis, and analyze the bioinformatics of its expressed protein. A pair of primers were designed by referring to dhbC gene sequence information of Brucella melitensis M5-90 strain in GenBank, and the dhbC gene fragment was amplified by PCR method. The obtained dhbC gene was ligated into pMD20-T vector to construct pMD20-T-dhbC recombinant plasmid and transformed into E.coli DH5α competent cells. The plasmid was identified by restriction enzyme digestion. The recombinant plasmid pET28a-dhbC was constructed and transformed into E.coli BL21 (DE3) competent cells. The expression was induced by IPTG. The expressed product was analyzed by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. Bioinformatics analysis of the amino acid sequence encoded by dhbC gene was carried out using bioinformatics software DNAMAN and related online sites ProtParam, SOPMA and Protscale. The results showed that dhbC gene was cloned with the length of 1 093 bp, and protein expression was expressed. The expressed fusion protein was about 47 ku, and was mainly in the form of inclusion body. The molecular weight of the dhbC protein was C₁₈₆₆H₂₉₆₈N₅₄₄O₅₆₂S₁₅, the molecular mass was 42 496.3 u, the theoretical isoelectric point (pI) was 5.81, the extinction coefficient was 33 835, the instability coefficient was 36.76, the hydrophobic index was 86.19, the total average hydrophobicity (GRAVY) was -0.215. The half-life of reticulocytes in mammals was predicted to be 30 h, and the secondary structure was dominated by α-helix (41.94%) and random coil (31.46%).     

羊种布鲁氏菌LpxB基因的克隆、原核表达及其蛋白的生物信息学分析

试验旨在克隆羊种布鲁氏菌LpxB基因并进行原核表达和蛋白的生物信息学分析。以布鲁氏菌M5-90株基因组为模板,参照GenBank中M5-90株基因组DNA序列,用DNAMAN软件设计1对引物,通过聚合酶链式反应（PCR）扩增得到大小为1 188 bp的LpxB基因,将其连接入pMD20-T载体上,构建pMD20-T-LpxB重组质粒,将其转化到E.coli DH5α感受态细胞中,经BamH Ⅰ和 Xho Ⅰ双酶切鉴定正确后扩大培养。将BamH Ⅰ和 Xho Ⅰ双酶切获得的LpxB片段连接入pET-28a,构建重组质粒pET-28a-LpxB,转化到E.coli BL21（DE3）中,双酶切鉴定正确后扩大培养。经IPTG诱导其表达,用SDS-PAGE和Western blotting对蛋白进行鉴定。运用DNAMAN、BioEdit等软件对LpxB基因编码的氨基酸序列进行分析。结果表明,本研究成功克隆了LpxB基因并进行了蛋白表达,在LpxB蛋白二级结构中,α-螺旋、伸展链、β-折叠和无规卷曲分别占52.41%、14.94%、8.10%和24.55%。     

羊种布鲁氏菌dhbC基因的克隆、原核表达及生物信息学分析

试验旨在对羊种布鲁氏菌dhbC基因进行克隆及原核表达,并对其表达蛋白进行生物信息学分析。参照GenBank中布鲁氏菌M5-90株dhbC基因序列信息设计1对引物,通过PCR反应扩增获得dhbC基因片段。将得到的dhbC基因连接到pMD20-T载体,构建pMD20-T-dhbC重组质粒并转化大肠杆菌（E.coli） DH5α感受态细胞,提取质粒进行酶切鉴定。鉴定正确后构建pET28a-dhbC重组质粒,转化E.coli BL21（DE3）感受态细胞。经IPTG诱导表达,表达产物用SDS-PAGE和Western blotting进行分析。运用生物信息学软件DNAMAN及相关在线网站ProtParam、SOPMA及Protscale对dhbC基因编码的氨基酸序列进行生物信息学分析。结果表明,试验成功克隆了大小约为1 093 bp的dhbC基因并进行了蛋白表达,表达的融合蛋白大小约为47 ku,且主要以包涵体形式存在。dhbC蛋白的分子式为C₁₈₆₆H₂₉₆₈N₅₄₄O₅₆₂S₁₅,分子质量为42 496.3 u,理论等电点（pI）为5.81,消光系数为33 835,不稳定系数为36.76,疏水指数为86.19,总平均疏水性（GRAVY）为-0.215。预测在哺乳动物网织红细胞的半衰期为30 h,其二级结构以α-螺旋（41.94%）和无规则卷曲（31.46%）为主。     

Validation of a competitive ELISA for diagnosis of Brucella melitensis infection in sheep and goats

A competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) was validated for the serodiagnosis of Brucella melitensis infection in small ruminants using 2108 positive and 2154 negative reference sera from sheep and goats. The optimum cut-off values, offering the highest diagnostic sensitivity (DSn) and diagnostic specificity (DSp), determined by receiver operating characteristic analysis, were at 23.6%, 21.8% and 25.0% inhibition of the conjugate control for sheep, goats and both species, respectively. The DSns of the cELISA for sheep, goats and both species at these cut-off values were 89.2% (95% confidence interval 87.1-91.1%), 74.0% (95% CI 71.4-76.5%) and 77.9% (95% CI 76.1-79.7%), whereas DSps were 96.4% (95% CI 95.2-97.4%), 92.9% (95% CI 91.1-94.3%) and 97.2% (95% CI 96.4-97.8%), respectively. Compared to cELISA, indirect ELISA and fluorescence polarisation assay have higher DSns and DSps. However, the results obtained with the cELISA were in good agreement with those of the complement fixation test (CFT) under field conditions using 5735 sheep and goat sera. The cELISA can be used as an alternative to the CFT for diagnosing B. melitensis infection in small ruminants.     

布鲁氏菌弱毒疫苗粘膜免疫及检测方法的研究

为研究布鲁氏菌弱毒疫苗粘膜免疫及其检测方法,本实验采用粘膜点眼途径对健康母羊接种布鲁氏杆菌猪2号疫苗(S2)、牛19号疫苗(A19)和羊强毒株(M16),筛选布鲁氏杆菌病鉴别检测方法。将12月龄～14月龄母羊60只随机分为3组,以常规疫苗推荐剂量进行半量粘膜点眼接种。采集血液、淋巴、脏器进行布鲁氏菌病血清学检测和细菌学分离以及PCR检测。结果表明:布鲁氏菌弱毒疫苗抗体水平持续6个月,其中血清学的试管凝集试验、半胱氨酸凝集试验与补体结合试验的阳性符合率达到100%。细菌分离期为6个月,乳腺、乳腺淋巴、髂淋巴分离率较高;而强毒株M16的抗体水平和细菌分离持续12个月以上。结果显示以常规血清学和细菌学检测方法在点眼免疫布鲁氏菌S2、A19苗6个月后可以进行野毒感染和疫苗免疫畜的鉴别诊断。     

Pathological changes,distribution and detection of Brucella melitensis in foetuses of experimentally-infected does

BackgroundBrucellosis of goats is caused by Brucella melitensis. It is a re-emerging zoonotic disease in many countries due to transmission from domestic animals and wildlife such as ibex, deer and wild buffaloes.ObjectiveTo describe the pathological changes, identification and distribution of B. melitensis in foetuses of experimentally infected does.MethodsTwelve female goats of approximately 90 days pregnant were divided into 4 groups. Group 1 was exposed intra-conjunctival to 100 µL of sterile PBS while goats of Groups 2, 3 and 4 were similarly exposed to 100 µL of an inoculum containing 10⁹ CFU/mL of live B. melitensis. Goats of these groups were killed at 15, 30 and 60 days post-inoculation, respectively. Foetal fluid and tissues were collected for bacterial identification (using direct bacterial culture, PCR and immuno-peroxidase staining) and histopathological examination.ResultsBilateral intra-conjunctival exposure of pregnant does resulted in in-utero infection of the foetuses. All full-term foetuses of group 4 were either aborted or stillborn, showing petechiations of the skin or absence of hair coat with subcutaneous oedema. The internal organs showed most severe lesions. Immune-peroxidase staining revealed antigen distribution in all organs that became most extensive in group 4. Brucella melitensis was successfully isolated from the stomach content, foetal fluid and various other organs.ConclusionVertical transmission of caprine brucellosis was evident causing mild to moderate lesions in different organs. The samples of choice for isolation and identification of B. melitensis are stomach content as well as liver and spleen tissue.     

羊布鲁茵16MvjbR蛋白酵母双杂交诱饵表达载体的构建及其毒性和自激活效应检测

利用Sos招募系统（SRS）,通过聚合酶链反应（PCR）扩增羊布鲁菌16MVjbR基因的编码序列,定向克隆到酵母表达载体pSos中,构建诱饵重组质粒pSos－VjbR,经测序正确后其将转入酵母菌cdc25H（α）感受态细胞,检测其表达产物对酵母细胞有无毒性作用及对报告基因有无自激活作用。结果表明,经序列测定证实重组诱饵质粒pSos－VjbR构建成功。重组质粒转化入酵母细胞后,经检测其表达产物对cdc25H（α）酵母细胞无毒性作用,对报告基因亦无自激活作用。这为利用SRS来研究与羊布鲁菌16MVjbR蛋白相互作用的蛋白奠定了基础。     

羊种布鲁氏菌wzt基因的原核表达及间接ELISA方法的建立

为建立检测血清中布鲁氏菌抗体的间接ELISA方法,本试验采用PCR技术从羊种布鲁氏菌QY1菌株中扩增得到wzt基因片段,连接到pET-30a载体上,构建质粒pET-30a-wzt,将鉴定正确的质粒转化E.coli BL21（DE3）感受态细胞,经原核表达系统对其进行表达,表达产物用SDS-PAGE和Western blotting进行分析后,用亲和层析镍柱纯化wzt重组蛋白备用。以wzt重组蛋白为检测抗原,逐步优化条件后建立布鲁氏菌间接ELISA检测方法。结果显示,试验成功构建了pET-30a-wzt原核表达载体,并在BL21（DE3）宿主菌中表达;SDS-PAGE和Western blotting结果表明,重组蛋白约为35 ku,表达形式为上清,条带单一、无杂带,有很好的反应原性和特异性。ELISA优化试验确定了最佳包被浓度为15 μg/mL,血清最佳稀释度为1：80,酶标抗体的最佳稀释度为1：5 000;通过检测24份阴性样品确定临界值,当样品D_{450 nm}值≥ 0.30为阳性,样品D_{450 nm}值<0.30时为阴性;特异性试验表明,该方法不与小肠耶尔森菌、大肠杆菌发生交叉反应;批内及批间变异系数均<10%;用该方法对120份血清样本进行检测,并与虎红凝集试验进行相符性验证,符合率为96%。本试验建立的间接ELISA方法为布鲁氏菌病的检测提供了可靠的技术手段。     

Evaluation of different enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for the diagnosis of brucellosis due to Brucella melitensis in sheep

Six serological assays for the diagnosis of ovine brucellosis, due to Brucella melitensis were evaluated. Reference serum samples from sheep of known B. melitensis infection status (n = 118) were assessed using the Rose Bengal test (RBT), complement fixation test (CFT) and four commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), including two indirect ELISAs (iELISAs), one competitive ELISA (cELISA) and one blocking ELISA (bELISA).The highest differential positive rates (DPR) were obtained with the cELISA and bELISA, while the lowest DPR was estimated using iELISAs. A latent class analysis was performed to estimate the accuracy of the CFT, RBT and bELISA using 1827 sera from sheep undergoing testing as part of a surveillance and control programme. Lower sensitivity and specificity were obtained for the three serological tests when the field samples were used. A higher DPR was achieved by the CFT, compared to bELISA and RBT. The results suggest that ELISAs, and particularly the bELISA, might be suitable for inclusion in the European Union legislation on intra-community trade for diagnosing B. melitensis infection in sheep, as it has a similar test performance compared to the RBT.     

Serological response of cattle, sheep and goats in Kenya vaccinated with killed Brucella melitensis strain H38 adjuvant vaccine

The antibody responses of cattle, sheep and goats to the Brucella melitensis H38 adjuvant vaccine were monitored by serum (tube) agglutination, complement fixation and Rose Bengal plate tests. High and persisting antibody titres were induced by a single dose of this vaccine in all three species. It would be difficult to classify reactors by commonly used diagnostic tests in a control or an eradication programme using the H38 adjuvant vaccine.     

原核表达山羊布氏杆菌M5-90VirB12蛋白及其在检测中的初步应用

为建立山羊布氏杆菌(Brucellar melitensis)血清学检测方法,本实验克隆了B.melitensisM5-90疫苗株的virB12基因,并表达了相应蛋白.经SDS-PAGE和western blot鉴定,重组VirB12蛋白分质量约为25 ku,具有较好的抗原性.以纯化的virB12重组蛋白为抗原建立间接ELISA方法,并检测90份B.melitensis临床血清样品,检测结果与试剂盒及虎红平板凝集试验的检测结果符合率均为91.7%,结果表明,VirB12重组蛋白作为包被抗原可用于B.melitensis感染的血清检测,为进一步建立B.melitensisM5-90 virB12缺失标记疫苗的鉴别检测提供方法.     

Interferon-gamma expression and infectivity of Toxoplasma infected tissues in experimentally infected sheep in comparison with pigs

Livestock animals are a potential risk for transmission of toxoplasmosis to humans. Sheep and pigs still remain an important source because their meat is often eaten undercooked which has been regarded as a major route of infection in many countries. Moreover, porcine tissues are processed in many food products.In the current study, the IFN-gamma (T-helper 1 cells), IL-4 (Th2 cells) and IL-10 mRNA (Treg cells) expression by blood mononuclear cells, and the serum antibody response against Toxoplasma gondii total lysate antigen, recombinant T. gondii GRA1, rGRA7, rMIC3 and rEC2, a chimeric antigen composed of MIC2, MIC3 and SAG1, was studied in sheep the first two months after a T. gondii infection and compared with these responses in pigs. At the end of this period, the parasite distribution in heart, brain and two skeletal muscles in sheep was compared with this in pigs.Whereas the parasite distribution was similar in sheep and pigs, the antibody response differed considerably. In sheep, antibodies appeared against all tested T. gondii antigens, but mainly against rGRA7, rMIC3₂₃₄₃₀₇ and TLA whereas in pigs only rGRA7-specific antibodies could be demonstrated. Also, the cytokine response differed. Both in sheep and pigs an IFN-gamma response occurred which seemed to be a slightly more pronounced in sheep. In sheep, also IL-10 and IL-4 mRNA expression showed an increase, but later than IFN-gamma and with more variation. However, in pigs no such increase was seen.As concerning diagnosis, results indicate that serum antibodies against GRA7 in live sheep and pigs and heart tissue for bioassay and qPCR in slaughtered animals are the best targets to demonstrate presence of T. gondii infection.     

Stimulation and analysis of the immune response in calves from vaccinated pregnant cows

The effect of vaccinating pregnant cows with an inactivated vaccine against Mannheimia haemolytica, BRSV and PI3V infections on selected immune responses in their offspring was examined. Blood samples were collected weekly for 12 weeks from six newborn calves from each of vaccinated (experimental) and unvaccinated (control) dams. Specific antibodies to M. haemolytica, BRSV and PI3V and mean values of IgA, IgG concentrations were significantly higher in the experimental calves compared with the controls. However, specific antibody titres to adenovirus type 3, BHV1 and BVDV in the experimental calves had constant levels while the control group levels changed. The IgM, Hp and SAA concentrations generally increased until week 8 in the experimental group, but the control group titres became higher after week 9. This study demonstrates that specific immunisation of cows pre-partum significantly stimulated parameters associated with immunity and it also controlled the acute phase response intensity in their offspring. Therefore the vaccination of dams may provide additional antibody protection against infection to their offspring.     

布鲁菌S2疫苗株免疫牛与牛种、羊种布鲁菌自然感染牛ELISA鉴别诊断方法的建立

为建立区分猪种布鲁菌S2疫苗株接种奶牛与布鲁菌自然感染奶牛,BLAST比对分析羊种、牛种、猪种、犬种、沙林鼠种和绵羊种6种布鲁菌基因序列,发现repA—related基因是猪种布鲁菌与牛种及羊种布鲁菌的差异基因。设计引物PCR扩增获得repA-related基因片段,克隆并原核表达得到了布鲁菌repA—related融合蛋白,以repArelated蛋白建立间接EI．IsA检测方法。用repA—related蛋白间接ELISA检测猪种s2疫苗株接种动物血清为阳性,检测牛种和羊种布鲁菌自然感染动物血清为阴性。repA—related蛋白间接EusA能从试管凝聚实验（SAT）及常规ELIsA检测阳性的奶牛血清样本中,区分出s2疫苗接种牛与牛种布鲁菌感染牛。