Post-traumatic urethral obstruction with bladder rupture in a calf

A three month old male calf showed the symptoms of anuria with ascites and high blood levels of urea. Post mortem examination revealed a haematoma of the urethral wall which by obstructing the lumen had caused the urinary bladder rupture and the resultant uroperitoneum.     

Delivery-induced fracture of the spine in a newborn calf

The case of a 3 days old calf taken to the local animal hospital with a complete fracture of the vertebral column at the transitory point between thoracic and lumbar spine is reported. The fracture could be attributed to the wrong use of a mechanical fetal extractor, which is a common mistake when using it for forced extraction.     

Disseminated intravascular coagulation in a cow of the breed "Deutsche Rotbunte" with fungal mastitis and abomasal displacement

This report describes a 7-year-old cow of the breed "Deutsche Rotbunte" which was brought into the clinic because of intense fungal mastitis and left displacement of the abomasum. A disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC) was determined by coagulation assays and verified by necropsy and histopathological examination.     

A farmer-oriented Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus L., breed improvement in the Philippines

Opportunities for developing small‐scale tilapia industry in the Philippines is hampered by the shortage of good‐quality seeds and broodstock. Most small‐scale farmers are dependent on distribution centres for improved tilapia seeds that are expensive and not sufficient to meet market demands. An option would be for farmers to develop their own tilapia breeds using simple procedures within their technical and financial resources. This option will also help sustain the diversity of locally adapted domestic stocks of tilapia. The Philippine tilapia production of ～122 316 MT can be increased by ensuring a stable supply of quality seeds and transferring suitable technology to fish farmers. The study was carried out in a tilapia hatchery/nursery pond in the Philippines to explore the potential for a farmer‐based research on tilapia breed improvement using relatively simple artificial selection procedures. One generation of size‐specific mass selection based on the early culling of large fry (collimation procedure) was applied on a Nile tilapia strain, Oreochromis niloticus L., in net cages set in a small earthen pond. Two episodes of directional selection were performed after initial removal of large fry at 21 days. Selection of parents and progeny testing were conducted in hapa and B‐net cages set in earthen ponds. The selection resulted in a significant response of 8% for standard length and 29% for weight relative to the control. The crude estimates of realized heritability is ～16% for standard length and ～26% for weight comparable with similar studies conducted by other workers.     

白洋淀中华绒螯蟹种质资源形态判别与评价

对中华绒螯蟹外部形态32个测量点进行测量．利用形态判别法对白洋淀的中华绒螯蟹种质资源分析评价．建立了白洋淀中华绒鳌蟹形态判别式。结果表明．白洋淀河蟹种群属于北方蟹的辽河蟹．判别准确率达100％。结果有利于白洋淀中华绒螯蟹均质种群的维持,建议应加强白洋淀中华绒鳌蟹资源的管理。     

斑点叉尾鮰一龄鱼种培育技术

多年来,全国水产技术推广总站北京基地一直从事斑点叉尾鮰的保种选育和苗种培育工作。在斑点叉尾鮰苗种培育过程中,根据其生长特性和北京地区自然条件,采用在池塘中将鱼苗（水花）直接培育成一龄鱼种的培育方法。笔者对基地多年来鱼苗培育的实践经验和相关技术进行总结。     

Recurrent, atypical uterine prolapse after the end of early puerperium in a cow of the German black pied breed (clinical case report)

A case of a recurrent incomplete uterine prolapse in a two year-old cow of the German Black Pied breed delivered into the clinic at the 16th day after parturition is described. An inversio uteri that possibly relapsed very soon following reposition of an uterine prolapse post partum is presumably the reason of the prolapsus uteri beyond the early puerperal period. The prolapsed left uterine horn was enclosed tightly by the cervix. Due to severe inflammatory changes a reduction was not practicable.     

Critical evaluation of quantitative immunoglobulin determination in the calf

From 3 calves fed with a single limited amount of colostrum 68 blood serum samples were tested comparatively by single radial immunodiffusion (RID) and by nephelometry for their IgG1-, IgA- and IgM-content. In comparison with nephelometry the commercial available RID kits seemed to be insufficient due to deficient agarose plates, difficulties in diluting, and weak reference sera. The results obtained by RID, therefore, were not comparable with those obtained by nephelometry which should be optimized, too.     

Neonatal thrombocytopenic purpura in a black and white male calf. Case report

A report is given on a newborn calf showing mucosal hemorrhage and melena. All blood clotting tests, except for prothrombin time (which proved to be initially prolonged), had normal results. The striking recurrent thrombocytopenia was successfully treated with prednisolone. Autoimmune idiopathic thrombocytopenia is suspected as a possible cause.     

Birth injuries in calves and perinatal calf losses in a large dairy herd]

Post-mortem examinations were carried out on 65 calves which were stillborn or died within 24 hours of birth. All calves came from a large dairy unit with about one thousand cattle of the Schwarzbuntes Milchrind breed. To evaluate the perinatal losses, the farm records of parturitions from 1985-1990 were used. The calves had gross damage of the CNS, the musculature, subcutaneous tissue and internal organs such as lung and intestines. It may be assumed that a lesser degree of similar damage would also be present in the surviving calves. The level of perinatal losses is determined particularly by deaths following prolonged parturition due to foetal oversize in heifers and young cows, but also by the birth of immature calves of low weight after pregnancy of normal or decreased duration and by twin pregnancies with high total calf mass and relative immaturity of the calves.     

Osteosarcoma of the distal femur, combined with multiple bone infarcts: the case of a 10-year-old poodle

A ten-year-old female poodle was presented for left hindlimb lameness. Radiographically, irregular intramedullary densities of long bones (bone infarcts) and a lytic lesion in the left distal femur were detected. Two years after the first examination, the lesions in the distal femur were definitely identified as osteosarcoma and the dog was euthanized. Pathological and histological changes of the bone infarcts as well as of the osteosarcoma are described. Regarding bibliographical data, occurrence and aetiopathogenesis of osteosarcoma associated with multifocal bone infarction in man and dog are discussed.     

Small intestine obturation and perforation in a calf caused by a foreign body. Case report

Obturation and perforation of the jejunum by an ingested fir branch was diagnosed in a 3 months old male German Fleckvieh calf. Following resection of the altered segment of intestine an end-to-end anastomosis was performed. The abdominal cavity was flushed with a 0.4% solution of polyvidon-iodine in normal saline, and an antibiotic preparation was instilled. Systemic antibiotic therapy was maintained for 6 days. Recovery was uneventful, and the animal was discharged 9 days after admission.     

The effectiveness of the combined treatment of thrombocytic hemorrhagic diathesis of dogs with prednisolone and blood transfusion in the model of an aspirin-produced thrombocytopathy

The administration of 20 mg/kg of acetylsalicylic acid in 18 clinically healthy dogs resulted in a thrombocytopathy with lengthened capillary bleeding time and irreversible aggregation inhibition. Through the set up of individual dilution series, one could conclude the proportional percentage of aggregation functional transfused thrombocytes. The capillary bleeding time was shortened after the intravenous injection of prednisolone (5 mg/kg) without measurable influence on the thrombocytes. Compared to the singular use of cortisone or blood transfusion alone, the effect on capillary bleeding time became magnified when one combined transfusion and corticosteroids. The fresh blood conserves (12 hours) were, with respect to the haemostyptical properties, superior to blood stored for 5 days. The component of aggregation-functional thrombocytes was, due to the prophylactic cortisone application prior to transfusion, not increased.     

海上网箱“鲍参混养”生态养殖模式探讨

为了探讨鲍参混养的可行性,于2011年11月在福建省连江县某海珍品养殖基地进行鲍参混养试验。选取壳长为3．0~4．0 cm的鲍苗与同规格、不同数量的海参苗进行混养试验,经过5个多月的养殖,结果表明：试验组1、试验组2与对照组鲍鱼壳长分别为6．0、5．8、5．6 cm;试验组1、试验组2海参平均体重分别为169、141 g。试验组1、试验组2每笼经济效益可增加315~434元。因此认为,鲍参混养模式在连江海区进行养殖是可行的,养殖过程中利用鲍鱼产生的残饵供给海参作为饵料,既有效地解决了残饵腐败导致鲍鱼死亡等问题,同时还可降低海参养殖成本投入,提高单位面积的经济效益。     

Evaluation of large-scale stocking of early stages of brown trout, Salmo trutta, to angler catches in the French–Swiss part of the River Doubs

Around 500 000 brown trout, Salmo trutta L., alevins are stocked annually in the 24‐km section of the River Doubs under study. All the alevins stocked in the period 1994–1996 were identifiable by fluoromarking their otoliths with tetracycline chlorhydrate. Anglers' catches, between June 1997 and September 1998, comprised trout aged 1+ to 7+ , but most (90% +) were 2+ to 3+ or 4+ , with the majority at 2+ and 3+. There was no significant difference in the size for a given age between marked and unmarked angled trout. The contribution of stocked fish in anglers' catches was around 22% for the 1995 cohort. The contribution of stocking (cohorts 1994 to 1995–1996) to the 1998 catches was around 23% (95% confidence limits: 19–27%). The estimated recapture rate was three to four trout per 1000 alevins stocked for the 1995 cohort. The major contribution (78%) of natural recruitment to anglers' catches suggests that the fishery management based on natural recruitment is still realistic in this part of River Doubs.     

Experiments on the operation of a combined aquaculture-algae system

A combined aquaculture-algae system was developed for the purification and reuse of effluent water from intensive fish production in a combination of a high-rate algal pond and extensive fishpond. The integrated system was operated as a closed system, thus the water demand was reduced through the recirculation of the treated water. The pilot-scale experimental system consisted of three different compartments: tanks for intensive fish production, an algal pond where the excess nutrients are removed by algae uptake and a fishpond where the produced algae biomass was consumed by fish. The objective of this study was to describe and evaluate the nutrient transformation efficiency of the combined system through the analysis of the organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus budgets.     

Distribution and biomass of an underfished vendace, Coregonus albula, population in a mesotrophic German reservoir

Abstract  The distribution and overall biomass of an underfished vendace, Coregonus albula L., population in the mesotrophic Henne Reservoir (Germany) was studied using hydroacoustics and gill nets. Additionally, midwater trawling was carried out. Overall fish biomass, based on five hydroacoustic surveys (June to September 2002), ranged from 188 kg ha⁻¹ in early August to 302 kg ha⁻¹ in September 2002. The overall mean fish biomass was 256 kg ha⁻¹ (±48 kg ha⁻¹ SD). Biomass of fish smaller than 25 cm total length (mostly vendace) varied from 56 kg ha⁻¹ in August to 99 kg ha⁻¹ in September, with an overall mean fish biomass of 74 kg ha⁻¹ (±17 kg ha⁻¹ SD). The echograms showed temporal variation in fish distribution in Henne Reservoir. In June, fish were fairly evenly distributed over the whole reservoir but in September a dense aggregation of fish (mostly vendace) was found in the deeper water layers near the dam. The distribution of vendace stock, its impact on water quality and fisheries management, biomanipulation and effort for mass removal are discussed.     

Fish and lamprey passage in a combined Denil and vertical slot fishway

A fishway (fish pass), consisting of vertical slot and Denil sections, was constructed at the lowest dam on the River Kemijoki, northern Finland, in 1993. The river was one of the best salmon rivers in Europe until 1949, when the dam and the hydropower plant were completed close to the river mouth. From 1993 to 1995, nearly 1000 adult salmonids passed through the fishway despite heavy fishing below the dam. Of environmental variables measured, water temperature, headwater level, and discharge through the power plant in relation to season changes explained most of the variation in Baltic salmon, Salmo salar L., numbers. They had a minor effect on trout, Salmo trutta L. Migratory whitefish, Coregonus lavaretus (L.), entered the fishway but were not observed in its uppermost pool. River lamprey, Lampetra fluviatilis (L.), passed through the vertical slot section of the fishway after plastic bristles were fastened into the bottom of the slots.     

Lobster,Homarus americanus,Gastric Fluid Is a Barrier to the Ciliate,Anophryoides haemophila,in an in vitro Study

ABSTRACT

Ciliated protozoan disease caused by Anophryoides hae-mophila, also called “bumper car” disease, has been noted in impounded American lobsters, Homarus americanus, in the Gulf of Maine from 1990 to the present. One possible infection route for ciliated protozoan disease in the American lobster is through the digestive tract. The survival of A. haemophila in gastric fluid from healthy lobsters was tested in vitro. “Bumper cars” did not survive exposure to diluted gastric fluid for longer than one minute. Most ciliates (99%) died within 30 seconds of exposure to gastric fluid. All ciliates died within one minute. Disruption of the ciliate cuticle was apparent after two minutes. The cuticle was completely lysed in six minutes. All ciliates were digested in 8 minutes. These data suggest ciliate infection of American lobsters through the digestive tract is unlikely and cannibalism of infected lobsters is unlikely to result in transfer of the disease.     

鳗鱼养殖场应用燃气热电联产的热力学分析

为克服传统鳗鱼养殖场供热、供电的缺陷,提出了以微型燃气轮机为原动机的热电联产新型供热、供电模式。在计算鳗鱼养殖场耗热量、耗电量的基础上,对热电联产与传统热电分产进行热力学分析,比较了两者的一次能利用率和火用效率,热电联产的一次能利用率是传统热电分产的1.84倍,而火用效率是传统热电分产的1.43倍。