新野县蔬菜产业发展存在的问题及对策

1.　产业现状　　　　近年来,新野县按照县委、县政府确定的大力发展蔬菜产业的总要求和基本工作思路,　狠抓了各项工作落实,蔬菜产业保持了良好的发展势头,取得了明显的成效,截止目前,　全县蔬菜纯播面积可达2.5 万hm2,蔬菜总产量15 亿kg,总产值为13亿元。设施蔬菜总面积0.5万hm2,占全县蔬菜面积的20%,露地蔬菜面积2 万hm2,占全县蔬菜总面积80%,其中:主导产品:土豆0.3 万hm2,甘兰0.3 万hm2,洋葱0.1 万hm2。现已形成了六大主导产品生产基地。一是以城郊、上港、五星、溧河、新甸铺等乡镇为主的精细菜生长基地。二是以城郊、上港、五星、溧河…     

东台蔬菜“三字经”之“龙头活”篇

我国蔬菜产业经过多年的发展,集中度越来越高,涌现了一批蔬菜生产重点县(含县级区、市)。2002年全国蔬菜播种面积超过6667hm2的县有819个,其中蔬菜播种面积在2万～4万hm2的县136个,超过4万hm2的县19个。这些蔬菜产业迅猛发展的明星县市,是如何进行宣传引导?如何根据自然资源条件的特点,实现资源与市场的有效对接?如何实施蔬菜标准化生产?如何处理龙头企业与蔬菜生产基地之间的关系?等等,他们成功的奥秘究竟在哪里呢?为此,本刊开辟“明星县市”栏目,拟陆续对国内的蔬菜明星县市进行纵深介绍,敬请关注。     

北京蔬菜产业发展基本特征和重大需求

<正>1北京蔬菜产业发展的基本特征我国是世界蔬菜生产大国,蔬菜生产的总面积和设施蔬菜的面积都居全球首位。2006年我国蔬菜播种面积1820万hm2,总产量58325.5万t。中国蔬菜面积和产量均居世界第一位,蔬菜产量占     

提高南通地区蔬菜生产效益的对策

近几年来，南通市蔬菜产业发展迅猛，蔬菜供求形势发生了根本变化，已进入供大于求的相对过剩阶段。正确分析当前蔬菜产销现状，采取措施进一步提高蔬菜生产的经济效益，是当前蔬菜生产中迫切需要解决的新问题。１产销现状分析①蔬菜总量供求平衡有余据统计，南通市２０００年蔬菜播种面积达１０．４６万hm２，比上年增加２．１３万hm２，增幅达２４％，总产量２４９．１６万t（吨），估计２００１年蔬菜播种总面积达１３．３３万hm２，总产量将达３２０万t。按人均日消费蔬菜０．５kg计算，全市年均需求约为１３８．７万t，尚有约１８０万t…     

黄石市蔬菜农药污染现状及对策

黄石市现有蔬菜生产基地1.7万hm2,年复种面积2.7万hm2.一些特色蔬菜经济效益高、发展势头好,其中藜蒿面积1 333 hm2、莲藕2 667 hm2、莲籽2 000hm2、高山辣椒133 hm2、竹笋8 667 hm2.全市蔬菜年产量63.6万t,其中商品菜43万t,野生蔬菜和森林蔬菜年开发利用3.5万t.     

蔬菜产业可持续发展对策

蔬菜是人们日常生活中既不可缺少又不可替代的副食品。改革开放以来,特别是社会主义市场经济体制的确立和不断完善,人民生活质量的大幅度提高,促进了我国蔬菜产业的迅猛发展。 据有关统计资料,2002年我国蔬菜和瓜类播种面积逾1970万hm2,总产量逾60 100万t,其中蔬菜播种面积1735.33万hm2,总产量52 908.9万t,人均占有量达407.0 kg,比世界蔬菜人均占有量(126.8 kg)高2.2倍。1980-2002年,我国蔬菜的     

铜梁蔬菜市场前景分析与市场优势培育

铜梁县位于重庆西北部,全县面积13.34万hm2,其中浅丘地区5.069万hm2(占38%),缓丘平地1.764万hm2(占13.3%),丘间谷地0.15万hm2,河谷阶地950 hm2,这些地方地势开阔、较平坦,土壤资源优越,耕地以壤质土壤为主,占75.21%,沙质土壤占21.29%.热量丰富、水资源条件优越,适宜多种蔬菜生长.然而,蔬菜生产发展从总量上看仍显不足,资源利用不充分,成片商品蔬菜基地面积不大,蔬菜商品率不高.总结缘由,人们担心市场不畅,是铜梁蔬菜产业发展的一大制约因素.蔬菜多为一年生短期作物,一旦充分发挥其市场优势,生产发展就相当快捷.为此,现就铜梁蔬菜市场前景和市场优势的培育措施分析探讨如下.     

新筑蔬菜产业发展建议

西安市灞桥区新筑街道办事处近年来蔬菜生产发展迅速,蔬菜年播种面积达到800 hm2,年产值达860万元,蔬菜产业已成为当地农业的主导产业.在蔬菜产业快速发展的同时,也存在着制约当地蔬菜产业进一步发展的瓶颈.笔者对新筑街道办事处辖区内蔬菜产业存在的主要问题进行了总结,提出了针对当地蔬菜产业发展的建议.     

高山四季豆适栽品种筛选试验

高山种植四季豆是本县高山蔬菜产业结构调整方向和主要蔬菜生产商品之一,2005年高山四季豆面积发展到810hm2,占全县高山蔬菜面积44.2%,全年产值近4300万元。四季豆生产对本县高山蔬菜产业能否健康、稳定、持续发展起到举足轻重的作用。为改善、缓解品种单一及品种退化等诸多阻碍因素,促进高山蔬菜产业的可持续发展,稳步提高农民经济收入,特进行本试验。     

抓住机遇 乘势而上 进一步提升蔬菜产业发展水平——河北省蔬菜产业调研报告

近年来,河北省利用独有的地理自然条件和优势打造了一批具有鲜明特色的蔬菜优势生产区域,蔬菜产业水平进一步提升。2011年全省蔬菜播种面积126.33万hm2,总产量达7898万t,蔬菜产业发展成效显著。     

Effect of salinity and water table on growth and tolerance of plum and peach

The effects of combinations of salinity (no salt, 2000 p.p.m. or 4000 p.p.m. of CaCl₂ and NaCl, 1:1) and water table (30 cm, 60 cm or 90 cm from the soil surface), on the vegetative growth and tolerance of ‘Golden Japanese’ plum and ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches were studied. The plants were grown in lysimeters. The growth of the trunk, total shoot length, the increase in shoot length per cm and the fresh weight of top, root and total plant were reduced with increasing salinity of the irrigation water. The effect was accentuated when the plants were maintained at high water table level. The salinity treatments resulted in the death of 43%, 73% and 76% of the plants in the plum, and the ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches, respectively, indicating that the plum is more tolerant to salinity than the peach. The plants of the salinity treatments showed various symptoms of salt injury, such as leaf burn, defoliation, shoot die-back and finally death. In the peaches, salt injury started to occur in the first growing-season, whereas the salt injury appeared in the plum in the second growing-season. The symptoms were more pronounced in the 4000 p.p.m. treatment than in the 2000 p.p.m. treatment and were more pronounced at the high water table level. The salinity level was the predominant factor and the effect of the water table on the vegetative growth diminished with increase in the salinity level of the irrigation water.     

洞庭1号无籽西瓜套种棉花高产高效模式的研究与应用

根据西瓜、棉花两者生长发育特点进行套种试验,研究其高产高效栽培模式。试验示范结果表明,以西瓜行株距4.5m×0.65m,棉花行株距1.5m×0.45m的种植密度,西瓜与棉花之间互颉作用最小,西瓜和棉花的产量和产值在3个套种模式中位居第1,在5个处理中经济效益最高。     

Primary culture and identification of mouse PASMCs and effects of hypoxia on proliferation and apoptosis of PASMCs

AIM：To establish a fast, accurate and economical technique for culturing mouse pulmonary arteriolar smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), and to explore the effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs. METHODS：In sterile condition, the pulmonary artery was isolated from the male BALB/c mice by digesting with collagenase I, and the cells were cultured in fetal bovine serum-coated flask. Centrifugal procedure was not used during the cell passage. The cell morphology was observed under an inverted phase-contrast microscope. α-Smooth muscle actin was identified by immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence. The effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs were detected by CCK-8 assay and TUNEL assay. RESULTS：PASMCs were identified by the methods of immunocytochemistry, immunofluorescence staining and observation of morphology. Unlike the rat PASMCs with typical subcultured peak-vally pattern, the mouse PASMCs showed a lot different without a peak-vally pattern. The cells could be subcultured after 5 d to 7 d and there was 3 to 5 generations depending on the activity of the cells. CCK-8 assay demonstrated that the A values of PASMCs exposed to hypoxia increased after 24 h (P＜0.05) as compared with normoxia. TUNEL result showed that the apoptotic index of the PASMCs in hypoxia decreased after 24 h (P<0.05). CONCLUSION：This technique for obtaining cultured mouse PASMCs is simple, fast, accurate and economical. The digestion time is easy to control. Hypoxia promotes the proliferation and inhibits the apoptosis of PASMCs.     

小檗碱和壳聚糖抗蔬菜病原真菌活性测定及复合膜制备

研究了小檗碱和壳聚糖对几种常见蔬菜病原真菌的抑制活性,以及以小檗碱和壳聚糖为主料制备复合膜的方法,并测定了该膜的药物释放效果。试验表明:低浓度(0.234 mg/mL)小檗碱即可抑制辣椒炭疽病菌(Vermicularia capsici)等5种蔬菜病原真菌的生长。20 mg/mL浓度壳聚糖对番茄灰霉病菌(Botrytis cinerea)的抑制率高达65%,而对其余4种果蔬病原真菌也有一定的抑制作用。为了集成这2种天然化合物的优点,制备了小檗碱-壳聚糖复合膜,该膜具有缓释功能,在模拟外部环境(磷酸缓冲液,pH 6.8)条件下,20 d小檗碱累计释放率接近25%,提示其在果蔬贮藏抗菌中的应用价值。     

西瓜与粮油菜套种栽培试验

近年来,我省西瓜发展速度较快,到2004年全省西瓜栽培面积已达3万hm^2.由于我省耕地面积有限,大幅度扩大西瓜单种面积,不仅造成我省西瓜与粮油菜争地的矛盾,而且土地也未能得到充分有效的利用.为了解决这一生产中存在的实际问题,我们从2002年开始,进行了西瓜与粮油菜套种的栽培试验.历经4年的试验、示范,取得了显著的经济效益和社会效益.现将试验结果报告如下.     

钾肥在小白菜和萝卜上的施用效果

采用盆栽试验方法研究了施用钾肥对小白菜、萝卜生长发育、产量、品质及钾素含量的影响。结果表明 ,施用钾肥对小白菜和水萝卜的株高、叶片数无显著的影响 ,但可提高水萝卜块根的产量 ,提高幅度为 31.0 4 %～ 97.93%。施用钾肥可提高小白菜和萝卜的蛋白质和VC含量 ,降低硝酸盐含量 ,增加植株的钾素含量     

世界及中国鳄梨产销概况与展望

依据联合国粮食及农业组织(FAO)数据库、联合国商品贸易统计数据库(UN Comtrade)中的数据,围绕鳄梨种植面积、产量、迚出口市场、主产国生产情况、主要迚出口国贸易情况等斱面,对世界及中国鳄梨的生产与贸易迚行回顾、分析与展望,幵在此基础上,对中国鳄梨产业的发展提出建议。     

Storability of onion seeds and effects of packaging and storage conditions on viability and vigour

Fresh onion seeds desiccated to 6.0% seed moisture content (SMC) were stored in various packaging materials under different storage conditions. Seeds packed in aluminum-laminated pouches beside those stored with silica gel at 25 °C maintained satisfactory germinability and vigour after 12 months. Desiccated seeds stored in moisture impervious containers produced more vigourous seedlings. Germination potential of onion seeds increased with reduced SMC besides storage in moisture impervious packets along with desiccants as physiological and biochemical attributes are regulated. Seed viability and vigour decreased with accelerated ageing due to increased lipid peroxidation, decreased activities of several free radical and peroxide scavenging enzymes. Electrical conductance of seed leachates also increased with ageing. Thus, adoption of appropriate storage temperature and moisture control techniques would significantly affect onion seed quality, which was due to minimum accumulation of free peroxide radicals and enhanced activity of free radical scavenging enzymes.     

遮阴及地膜覆盖对黄皮果实表面温湿度变化及果实品质的影响

以金鸡心黄皮为试材,研究了遮阴及地膜覆盖处理对黄皮果实品质与果实表面温湿度变化的影响。结果表明：阴雨天气下,遮阴及遮阴＋地膜覆盖处理的果实表面日平均湿度低;晴天天气下,地膜覆盖处理及对照果实表面的日平均温度高,昼夜温差大,阴雨及晴天天气下温度变化、湿度变化趋势基本一致;地膜覆盖提高了果实品质,遮阴及遮阴＋地膜覆盖降低了果实好果率。     

热处理对果蔬采后品质及病虫害的影响

采后热处理是近年来快速发展的果蔬采后处理技术,广泛应用于改善果蔬贮藏期间的品质、增强抗逆性等 方面。从果蔬贮藏期间的生理生化、采后品质及防治病虫害等方面阐述了热处理的机理,讨论了热处理对果蔬衰老 方面的生理特征如色泽、风味、硬度(软化)、失重、呼吸、乙烯释放、酶活性等变化及与抗逆性有关的诱导蛋白质合成 及基因表达的影响,较全面阐述了热处理防治果蔬贮藏期间病虫害的机理如直接作用于病菌、害虫与提高果蔬的抗 病虫性等。