共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 32 毫秒
1.
Ramiro Recena Isabel Díaz‐de la Torre Ana M. García‐Lpez Antonio Delgado 《Soil Use and Management》2019,35(2):346-354
The efficient use of phosphorus (P) in agriculture should rely on accurate soil P tests (SPT). Organic P contributes to P supply to plants; however, it is not usually taken into account in assessing P fertilizer requirements. We hypothesized that there would be an increased accuracy of bicarbonate extraction as SPT in predicting P uptake by plants if total P (TP) in this soil extract is taken into account. We conducted a soil P depletion experiment with 36 soils involving four consecutive crops in pots. Molybdate‐reactive P (MRP) and total P were determined in extracts centrifuged at 19,000 g (Bic‐MRPC and Bic‐TPC) or not (Bic‐MRP and Bic‐TP). MRP in extracts explained <47% of the variance in the cumulative P uptake, while total P (centrifuged at 19,000 g or not) provided the most accurate estimation of P uptake (59% with Bic‐TP) and threshold values for fertilizer response (R2 = 0.58 with Bic‐TPc). When soils were separated in two groups according to their Ca carbonate equivalent to clay ratio, the variance in the cumulative P uptake explained by Bic‐MRP was above 63%, and that explained by Bic‐TP was above 73%. This separation also enabled more realistic estimation of the threshold values for fertilizer response. It can be concluded that the use of total P instead of MRP in bicarbonate extraction was promising in terms of improving its accuracy in assessing P fertilizer requirements. 相似文献
2.
Isotopically exchangeable phosphate (P) is a major source of P for plants. In practice, however, plant‐available P is assessed by chemical extractions solubilizing a mixture of P forms the availability of which is ill defined. We undertook an isotopic approach to assess the exchangeability of P extracted by (1) CO2‐saturated water (P‐CO2), (2) ammonium acetate EDTA (P‐AAEDTA), and (3) sodium bicarbonate (P‐NaHCO3) compared to the exchangeability of P extracted by water. Five topsoils with similar P‐fertilization histories but different soil properties were studied. Phosphorus was extracted from soils labeled with carrier‐free 33P after 1 week of incubation, and the specific activity (SA = 33P / 31P) of the extracts was compared with the SA of P extracted by water to calculate the amount of P isotopically exchangeable that had been solubilized during the extraction. P‐CO2 extracted between 20 and 100 times less P than P‐AAEDTA and P‐NaHCO3. The SA of P‐CO2 was not different from the SA of water‐extractable P, showing that P‐CO2 solubilized similar forms of P as water and that these forms can be considered as available. The SA of P extracted by the two other methods ranged between 25% and 63% for P‐AAEDTA and 66% and 92% for P‐NaHCO3 of the SA of water‐extractable P. The fraction of exchangeable P extracted by AAEDTA decreased linearly with increasing soil pH, suggesting that this method dissolves slowly or non‐exchangeable P from calcium phosphates. 相似文献
3.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(15-16):2460-2473
The objectives of this research were to determine inorganic phosphorus (P) fractions in calcareous soils of southern Khorasan and find their relationship with sorghum‐available P. Eighty soil samples were obtained and analyzed for some physical and chemical characteristics, among them 24 samples that varied in plant‐available P and soil properties were used for soil testing. From 24, 8 samples were selected for P fractionation as well. Five extraction procedures were used for soil testing. Results indicate that the extracted plant‐available P by the Olsen et al. (1954) and Paauw (1971) methods show the greatest correlation coefficients with plant P uptake and sorghum dry matter. The sequential inorganic P extraction analyzing indicated that the abundance of various inorganic fractions was in the order Ca10‐P > Al‐P > Ca8‐P > Ca2‐P > Oc‐P > Fe‐P. The results also indicate Olsen P correlates positively and significantly with Ca2‐P and Fe‐P fractions and positively but not significantly with the Al‐P fraction. 相似文献
4.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(13-14):1979-1992
Abstract: In recent years, many pastoral farmers in New Zealand reduced or withheld phosphorus (P) fertilizer application to their pasture in response to rising fertilizer costs and falling prices in farm produce. When P fertilizer application is withheld, pasture and animal production relies on the P reserves accumulated in the soil from the previous P fertilizer applications. A field‐plot experiment superimposed on irrigated pastures that had received long‐term annual superphosphate (SP) fertilizer applications for 25 years was conducted to examine the forms of P accumulated from the previous SP applications contributing to plant‐available P. The long‐term SP applications were withheld, and the soil was subjected to treatments of no fertilizer (nil), P only, sulphur (S) only, or both P and S, each with P and S at two rates in a split‐plot design with four replicates that ran for 6 years. Soil samples (0–75 mm deep) collected from the trial each year were subjected to a sequential P fractionation scheme. Results showed that most of the P forms extracted by the different extractants showed no significant differences between treatments. Only the inorganic P (Pi) extracted by sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), sodium hydroxide (NaOH) I, and hydrochloric acid (HCl) showed significant differences, and these were related to plant‐available P. However, it was not possible to isolate an individual P form as the dominant P form accumulated from previous SP applications as the plant‐available P form. 相似文献
5.
Xiaoyan He Xiaorong Wei 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(6):544-553
Phosphorus (P) is an essential element for plant growth, so proper application of P fertilizers to farmland is necessary. High levels of P fertilization often cause P accumulation in soil and thereby increase P loss to the environment. The effect of long-term P fertilization on soil inorganic P (Pi) fractions and available P (Pa) stocks were investigated in order to provide a reference for rational management of P fertilization. A 27-year experiment was initiated in September 1984 in Changwu County on the southern part of the Loess Plateau, northern China. The experiment included five treatments of P fertilization: 0, 20, 40, 60, and 80 kg P ha?1. With zero P application, soil Pi fractions decreased and were even depleted over time. In fertilized plots, soil Pi content in available and unavailable fractions increased over time, regardless of the application rate. P fertilization increased the content and change rate of soil Pi fractions between three sampling times (1991, 2001, and 2011). Soil Pa stocks and plant P uptake increased with increasing application rate of 20–60 kg P ha?1, indicating increased input and output of P in the soil–plant system. Higher application rates (≥60 kg P ha?1) did not change soil Pa stocks or plant P uptake but increased the annual change rate of Pi fractions, maintaining a balance between the supply and demand of P. This study has implications for reducing P fertilization level and decreasing associated environmental risks in agricultural soil on the Loess Plateau. 相似文献
6.
Knowledge of phosphorus(P) sorption dynamics across different soil types could direct agronomic and environmental management of P. The objective of this study was to predict P isotherm parameters for a national soil population using data of routine laboratory tests. Langmuir and Freundlich sorption parameters were calculated from two different ranges(0–25 and 0–50 mg P L~(-1)) using an archive of representative agricultural soil types from Ireland.Multiple linear regression(MLR) identified labile forms of aluminium(Al) and iron(Fe), organic matter(OM), cation exchange capacity(CEC), and clay as significant drivers. Langmuir and Freundlich sorption capacities, Freundlich affinity constant, and Langmuir buffer capacity were predicted reliably, with R~2 of independent validation 0.9. Sorption isotherm parameters were predicted from P sorbed at a single concentration of 50 mg P L~(-1)(S_(50)). An MLR prediction of P sorption maximum in the 0–50 mg P L~(-1) range was achieved, to an accurate standard, using S_(50), OM, and Mehlich-3 Fe(R~2 of independent calibration and validation being 0.91 and 0.95, respectively). Using Giles' four shapes of isotherms(C, L, H, and S), L non-strict-and C-shaped isotherm curves accounted for 64% and 27% of the soils, respectively. Hierarchical clustering identified a separation of isotherm curves influenced by two ranges of Mehlich-3 Al. Soils with a low range of Mehlich-3 Al(2.5–698 mg kg~(-1)) had no incidence of rapid sorption(C shape). Single point indices, Al, or available soil data make the regression approach a feasible way of predicting Langmuir parameters that could be included with standard agronomic soil P testing. 相似文献
7.
Due to its importance for human and animal health, low bioavailability of selenium (Se) is of concern in large parts of the world. Among the factors determining Se availability is competition for binding sites by other anions. In order to evaluate the effect of different soil P status on Se availability from fertilizer, adsorption studies were conducted with soils ranging from low to very high available P as measured in ammonium lactate (P‐AL) and addition of Se as either selenate or selenite. Generally selenite, and to some extent also selenate, adsorption decreased with increasing P‐AL status of the soil. However, in a silt loam, the increase in P‐AL from 140 (high) to 210 mg P kg–1 (very high) did not result in a corresponding decrease in Se adsorption. Phosphorus saturation, on the other hand, was found to be lower in the sample that was very high in available P, suggesting that both the total amount of P on binding sites and the amount of plant‐available P influence Se availability. Selenate addition caused an increase in P availability, especially when added together with phosphate to a silt loam with very high P‐AL status. 相似文献
8.
褐土是中国小麦与玉米产区的主要土壤类型之一,土壤地力贡献率显著影响作物产量。为了探明我国褐土土壤地力贡献率演变特征,科学合理地指导褐土土壤管理和施肥,分析了25年(1988~2013年)来长期施肥条件下褐土小麦和玉米地力贡献率的演变特征,并运用通径分析对影响土壤地力贡献率的各个因素进行了分析,结果表明:褐土区小麦和玉米产量的土壤地力贡献率分别为51.6%和54.5%,我国东北一年一熟制玉米褐土,耕地地力逐步下降,经过大约9年和6年明显下降,稳定在40%~60%左右,我国华北一年二熟制小麦褐土,耕地地力逐步下降,经过10年左右的下降,基本稳定在12%~44%左右。通径分析进一步证明,土壤有效磷、速效钾和土壤有机质对玉米地力贡献率影响最大,土壤有效磷贡献率最高,说明土壤有效磷、速效钾以及土壤有机质是褐土区基础地力的主要影响因素,是褐土区土壤地力主要评价指标。 相似文献
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10.
黄土旱塬施肥对土壤颗粒组成及其有效磷富集的影响研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过田间试验与室内分析相结合的方法研究长期不同施肥处理下土壤颗粒组成及其有效磷富集。结果表明,各施肥处理土壤颗粒组成都呈现颗粒愈小比例愈高的规律,而不同施肥处理对同一粒径颗粒含量又有一定的影响。在单施磷肥(P)的基础上,配施氮肥、有机肥(NP、PM、NPM)有利于增加<0.25mm颗粒的比例,以NPM处理最为明显。长期施用有机肥改善了土壤颗粒中有效磷水平,但也提高了土壤颗粒有效磷中水溶性磷的比例。土壤中的有效磷(包括速效磷、水溶性磷)主要富集在<2mm粒径的土壤颗粒中,<0.25mm的土壤颗粒中有效磷富集率最高。氮磷配施(NP)、氮磷有机肥配施(NPM)有利于增加<0.25mm颗粒中土壤有效磷的富集,PM处理更促进土壤有效磷在0.25～2mm粒径中富集。 相似文献
11.
The relationship between plant‐available silicon (Si) soil concentrations and bark Si concentrations in coniferous species is poorly understood. The objectives of this research were to generate baseline data on Si concentrations in soils and bark of Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) seedlings in Ireland and to understand better the relationship between soil and bark Si concentrations. Seedlings were harvested from eight plantation forestry sites and two tree nurseries, and Si concentrations in the bark tissue as well as plant‐available Si concentrations in soils (CaCl2 extractant) were measured. Bark Si concentrations varied significantly between sites and were lowest [mean 790 (± 242 SD) mg kg?1 dry plant tissue] on acidic, organic rich peat soils, while the highest Si concentrations occurred in seedlings [mean 3688 (± 633 SD) mg kg?1 dry plant tissue] grown on soils with low C concentration and higher pH values (≈ 4.5 to 5.5 in H2O). Plant‐available Si soil concentrations were not related to soil C concentrations. There was a negative (but statistically not significant) relationship between plant–soil concentrations and soil pH. A significant negative relationship was observed between plant‐available soil Si concentrations and bark Si concentrations, which may be related to the presence of soil from mixed soil horizons forming the mounds that seedlings were planted on. Uptake and sequestration of Si by seedlings may have been related to the rate of growth of the seedlings, as bark Si concentrations were highest on sites that were expected to have greater seedling growth rates. The negative relationship between bark and plant‐available Si soil concentrations suggest that uptake of Si by Sitka spruce is rejective at higher concentrations. 相似文献
12.
以兰州地区3县5区不同利用方式农田为研究对象,从作物种类、土地利用强度和耕作方式3个角度采集80个样点表层土壤样品(0—20cm),对其pH值、电导率、速效磷和速效钾进行了分析。结果表明:(1)兰州地区农田土壤pH值为8.59,蔬菜地pH值低于其它作物农田,但差异不显著。重度利用农田土壤pH值低于轻度和中度农田,日光温室农田pH值低于大田和砂田,但差异不显著。(2)土壤电导率具有较大的变异,变异系数高达107.31%,不同作物种类、利用强度及耕作方式下土壤电导率不具有显著差异性。(3)研究区土壤速效钾含量具有一致性,平均含量为362.65mg/kg,变异系数为48.81%,不同作物种类、不同土地利用强度和耕作方式土壤速效钾不具有显著差异性。(4)速效磷平均含量为14.07mg/kg,不同种类作物农田土壤中,蔬菜地速效磷高于其它种类作物;不同利用强度下,重度利用农田土壤速效磷高于中度和轻度农田;从耕作措施分析,日光温室农田土壤速效磷显著大于砂田和大田。研究表明,基于作物种类差异的不同土地利用方式及耕作措施对土壤酸碱性及速效磷含量具有不同程度的影响,集约型农业管理措施是导致速效磷含量增加的主要原因之一,且重度农田土壤有酸化的趋势。 相似文献
13.
Isolierung und Kennzeichnung des labilen organischen Phosphor‐Pools in Böden des Langzeitdüngungsexperimentes Askov Labiler organischer Phosphor (Po) im Boden spielt eine wichtige Rolle in der P‐Ernährung der Pflanzen und ist bedeutend hinsichtlich der Gewässereutrophierung. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit werden neuere Ergebnisse zu den Eigenschaften des labilen Po und seiner Reaktion auf unterschiedliche Düngungssysteme diskutiert. Die Untersuchungen fanden an Böden des Langzeitexperimentes zur organischen und anorganischen Düngung in Askov statt. Unser analytischer Ansatz basierte auf einer Kombination der Extraktion von labilem Po mittels makroporösem Anionenaustauscher‐Harz und der Kennzeichnung von Struktur und Herkunft des NaOH‐extrahierbaren Po mittels 31P‐NMR‐Spektroskopie. Die Analysen wurden an der Feinerde und an Korngrößenfraktionen durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Harz‐Extraktion einen aktiven Pool an Po isoliert, welcher v.a. aus mikrobiell synthetisierten Strukturen besteht. Die Größe dieses Pools variiert im Jahresgang und hängt von der P‐Düngung ab. Die Art des Düngers (NPK gegenüber Stallmist und Gülle) scheint demgegenüber den labilen Po kaum zu beeinflussen. Der größte Teil des leicht verfügbaren Po ist in der Tonfraktion lokalisiert. Es ist daher zu schließen, dass diese Fraktion wichtig im kurzfristigen Umsatz von Po ist. 相似文献
14.
Inorganic and organic soil P (Pi, Po) fractions were followed monthly for 15 months in a 100-year-old, fertilization and crop-rotation experiment with the Rubaek-Sibbesen, macroporous resin method, the Olsen method, and the Hedley fractionation method. Resin P, and Olsen P had similar levels and variation patterns. They increased in spring after fertilization, decreased during summer and autumn, and increased again in winter after repeated slurry applications. Resin Po decreased in spring and peaked in summer. The variation in time of the Hedley Pi and Po fractions was relatively smaller and was neither related to season nor to fertilization. Unmanured soil contained much less total P than NPK and slurry-treated soils, but the differences in total Pi were greater than those in total Po. Neither total Pi nor total Po concentrations differed between NPK and slurry treatments, indicating that Po in animal manure is quickly mineralized. All Pi and Po fractions were smaller in unmanured than in fertilized treatments. These differences were relatively largest for resin Pi and resin Po, i.e., the most labile fractions, and decreased for the medium and less labile Pi and Po fractions. The reactions by resin Pi, Olsen P, and resin Po to seasons and treatments indicate that these fractions are estimates of the most labile pools of Pi and Po in soil, which make them relevant for shortterm studies. The medium and less labile Pi and Po fractions of the Hedley fractionation method seem more relevant for long-term studies. 相似文献
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16.
为充分了解渭北台塬区耕地土壤养分的时空变异特征,以渭北台塬典型农业县——蒲城县为例,基于该区1980年和2011年两个时期的实测样点速效养分数据,采用传统统计学、地统计学结合GIS技术,研究其耕地土壤碱解氮和有效磷的时空变异性、变化规律及其影响因素。结果表明,1980—2011年,该区土壤碱解氮、有效磷的块金系数增大,空间相关距缩短,标准化Z值降低,空间结构性特征减弱,随机因素作用增强。二者的平均含量分别提高84.32%、179.30%,呈现出原低值区增速快、高值区增速慢或略有降低的趋势;碱解氮/有效磷平均比值由7.22降至5.67,高、低值区发生逆转,氮磷失调问题得到改善,但仍高于农作物适宜水平。人为活动如施肥、灌溉等是土壤速效养分时空变化的重要影响因素。 相似文献
17.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(11-12):1579-1587
Abstract Although numerous soil‐test methods for estimating extractable phosphorus (P) have been developed around the world, their results are difficult to compare because of the very different scale levels used. In the present study, the Bray–Kurtz method (Bray‐P) is used as a reference value. Two other methods [lactate‐P and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3)‐P] were modified to facilitate the comparison of extractable‐P determinations, mainly by adjusting the shaking time. These three methods were applied to 101 soil samples from an extensive region of Argentina with soil pH values ranging from 5.5 to 8.5. The results confirm that the Bray‐P and the two modified methods (lactate‐P and NaHCO3‐P) determine similar contents of extractable P but are not applicable to all types of soils and conditions. Equations that minimize the statistical error were selected for soil properties such as organic carbon (OC) content, pH, soluble salts, and calcium carbonate content. Correlation coefficients between Bray‐P and NaHCO3‐P increased to 0.91 and 0.95 in soils with high and low OC levels, respectively. It was also demonstrated that the lactate‐P test is not suitable for soils rich in calcium carbonate or soluble salts. These two modified methods are expected to be useful for testing P values that impact agricultural production. 相似文献
18.
通过室内培养,采用Hedley修正体系磷素分级的方法,阐述了外源草酸影响下,植酸酶对土壤中磷素的活化效果。结果表明:同时施入草酸与植酸酶处理可提高土壤有效磷含量,显著高于空白、单施草酸或植酸酶的处理。从磷素各组分看,同时施入草酸与植酸酶处理能够显著提高土壤中水溶态磷(H2O-P)、活性无机磷(NaHCO3-Pi)、中等活性无机磷(NaOH-Pi)和中等活性有机磷(NaOH-Po)含量,均随着培养时间的延长而不断上升,在第40 d上升至最大值,与空白对照比较,分别高37.76%,21.14%,15.52%,24.44%;草酸+植酸酶处理的土壤,除NaHCO3-Pi外,其他活性高的磷含量均高于植酸酶处理;施入植酸酶各处理的土壤磷石灰型磷以及残留态磷含量均低于空白对照及草酸处理,且随着培养时间的延长其含量下降,到第40 d开始逐渐趋于平稳,此时,草酸+植酸酶处理磷石灰型磷以及残留态磷含量分别比培养前降低了28.71%与32.56%。得出结论,在外源草酸影响下,植酸酶可使土壤磷由活性低的组分转化为活性较高的组分,从而提高磷素的利用率。 相似文献
19.
冻融循环作用对黑土有效磷含量变化的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
[目的]分析冻融循环作用和土壤含水率对土壤磷素的有效性产生的影响,为控制农业非点源污染、明确冻土区土壤的磷素循环过程和准确评估区域的磷素收支提供依据。[方法]以东北黑土为研究对象,研究冻融次数、土壤含水率和土壤有效磷背景值对黑土有效磷含量的影响。采用室内模拟冻融循环的方法,冻融循环次数为30次,冻融温差为-10~7℃,监测冻融条件下黑土有效磷含量的变化。[结果]随着冻融循环次数的增加,它对有效磷含量的影响逐渐下降,至20~30次循环中不具有显著性影响,有效磷背景值的影响在5~20和20~30次循环中占主导地位;在0~30次冻融循环中,有效磷含量的变化表现出双峰型曲线特征,相邻冻融循环次数有效磷含量的变化大多具有显著性差异,变化由剧烈到平缓;土壤含水率越高,有效磷含量变化越剧烈;土壤有效磷背景值越高,有效磷含量越稳定。[结论]冻融循环次数、土壤含水率、土壤有效磷背景值3个控制因子对有效磷含量的影响程度随冻融循环次数的增加而变化。 相似文献
20.
[目的]研究恒量外源磷施用对玉米种子生产的影响,为合理施磷提供依据。[方法]通过大田定位与实验室分析相结合,选用河西走廊石灰性潮土及灌漠土定位施肥。[结果]制种玉米连作8a,恒量磷二铵525kg/(hm^2·a)施用,除无机态二钙磷(Ca_2-P)外,2种不同土类总磷(T-P)、速效性磷(Av-P)、总无机磷(T-IP)、总有机磷(T-OP),以及其他各分级无机、有机磷组分均显著增加。无机磷占全磷总量65.2%~70.2%,有机磷占全磷总量6.5%~11.4%。无机磷中十钙磷(Ca10-P)>八钙磷(Ca8-P)>铝磷(Al-P)>铁磷(Fe-P)>闭蓄态磷(O-P)。有机磷中活性有机磷(MLO-P)>高稳性(HRO-P)>中稳性有机磷(MROP)>活性有机磷(LO-P)。随连作年限增加,灌漠土Ca10-P在连作第5a达到最大,Al-P,O-P均持续增加;潮土Ca10-P持续增加,Fe-P,O-P在连作第5a达到最大,磷增加量为3.94%~37.28%。0—60cm土层,两种土类无机磷各组分含量均呈现由表层至下层递减特点,但不同分级磷在不同土层所占比例不同,Ca10-P,Al-P,O-P,MRO-P底聚,Ca_2-P,HRO-P表聚,制种玉米连作生产8a,磷肥最大表观利用率为4.89%,磷素活化系数<2%,外源磷肥以174.3kg/(hm^2·a)残余在土壤中。[结论]制种玉米连作,总磷转化率低,磷素移动缓慢,大部分以溶解性较低的磷素形态在土壤表层积累,但随连作年限增加,土壤对磷素的固持及转化率下降,表现底聚趋势,对生态环境健康存在极大风险,应减量或停止施磷。潮土磷肥施用应采取更加合理措施。 相似文献