芹菜蚜虫田间药剂防治试验

为了确定当前芹菜生产上使用的几种农药的防治效果和最佳用量,选用5%来福灵乳油、25%吡虫啉乳油、25%啶虫脒乳油、2.5%高效氯氟氰菊酯乳油、25%吡虫啉可湿性粉剂、70%吡虫啉可湿性粉剂、5%啶虫脒乳油、20%丁硫吡虫啉乳油等进行药剂筛选试验。结果表明:25%吡虫啉乳油、25%啶虫脒乳油、2.5%高效氯氟氰菊酯乳油、25%吡虫啉可湿性粉剂防治芹菜蚜虫效果好,建议大面积推广使用。注意在喷药时要尽可能喷到芹菜心叶部位,几种药剂要交叉使用。     

新型杀菌剂对甜瓜白粉病防效试验初报

对80%成标、25%秀特乳油、25%阿米西达、50%翠贝和30%特富灵5种新型杀菌剂,进行防治甜瓜白粉病防效对比试验。试验结果表明,30%特富灵和25%的秀特防治甜瓜白粉病效果好、成本低。     

新型杀菌剂对甜瓜白粉病防效试验初报

对80%成标、25%秀特乳油、25%阿米西达、50%翠贝和30%特富灵5种新型杀菌剂,进行防治甜瓜白粉病防效对比试验.试验结果表明,30%特富灵和25%的秀特防治甜瓜白粉病效果好、成本低.     

3种农药防治甜瓜蔓枯病药效试验

选用75%肟菌·戊唑醇WG、25%嘧菌酯SC和25%咪鲜胺EC开展甜瓜蔓枯病防效试验。试验表明,75%肟菌·戊唑醇WG 3000倍液、25%嘧菌酯SC 800倍液和25%咪鲜胺EC 1500倍液在试验药量下对甜瓜安全,且防治蔓枯病效果较好,第2次药后防效均在80%以上。     

PEG预处理对文冠果种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

PEG是高分子渗透调节物质,可通过调节植物细胞内的水势变化影响种子萌发。本研究以文冠果种子为试验材料,利用不同质量浓度(15%、20%、25%、30%、35%)聚乙二醇(PEG)对文冠果种子预处理,研究不同浓度PEG种子预处理对文冠果种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响。结果表明：(1)PEG浓度为15%～25%时,可以提高种子的发芽率、发芽势及发芽指数,当浓度超过25%,发芽受到抑制。(2)幼苗的苗高和地径生长量随PEG浓度升高呈现先增加后降低的趋势,在20%PEG预处理时达到最高值。(3)幼苗叶片可溶性糖含量、脯氨酸含量、SOD和POD活性均随PEG浓度升高而增加;可溶性蛋白、CAT活性、叶绿素呈先增加后降低的趋势,在25%PEG预处理时达到峰值。(4)随PEG浓度升高,相对电导率和丙二醛(MDA)呈现先降低后升高趋势,2项指标分别在20%、25%PEG浓度时达到最低值。综合研究表明：低浓度PEG预处理(15%～25%)可促进文冠果种子萌发和幼苗生长,而高浓度PEG预处理(>25%)对其产生抑制作用。     

25%噻虫嗪和25%丁醚脲防治茶小绿叶蝉药效试验

用25%噻虫嗪水分散粒剂和25%丁醚脲悬浮剂不同剂量处理防治茶小绿叶蝉的田间药效试验,结果表明:25%噻虫嗪水分散粒剂和25%丁醚脲悬浮剂对茶小绿叶蝉都有较好防效,25%噻虫嗪水分散粒剂最好防效达88.44%,25%丁醚脲悬浮剂最好防效达82.96%。2种药剂可作为防治茶小绿叶蝉在茶叶生产上与其他药剂交替使用。     

新疆立架栽培甜瓜白粉病药剂防治研究

为了筛选新疆喀什地区立架栽培甜瓜的首要病害——甜瓜白粉病的高效药剂,对25%乙嘧酚悬浮剂等7种药剂进行了田间药效试验。结果表明,立架栽培甜瓜第3次喷药后14d,25%乙嘧酚750倍、50%醚菌酯3000倍、25%乙嘧酚1500倍和25%嘧菌酯3000倍药量处理防效分别为99.75%、99.26%、99.20%和96.04%,且这3种药剂的持效性较好。研究讨论了甜瓜白粉病的防治原则、大田甜瓜白粉病的初侵染病源、立架栽培甜瓜白粉病防治始期和高效机械喷雾器应用等关键技术。     

保护地草莓白粉病的发生与防治

草莓白粉病是保护地草莓生产上一种重要病害,笔者对草莓白粉病发病症状、发病规律、影响其发生因素及防治措施等方面做了介绍,尤其是在药剂防治上对25%己唑醇、25%乙嘧酚等几种防治草莓白粉病新药剂防效及安全性进行了药效试验,结果表明,连续施药3次,每次间隔7天,25%己唑醇SC7500倍液及25%乙嘧酚SC800倍液这两种药剂防治草莓白粉病效果较好,相对防效达78.8%、77.2%。     

不同排种量对甘薯采苗量和薯苗质量的影响

为了明确排种量对甘薯采苗量和薯苗质量的影响,以商薯19(S19)和烟薯25(Y25)为试验材料,采用平排的方式,设置10、15、20、25 kg/m² 4个排种量,其中25 kg/m²为常规排种量,从采苗量、薯苗质量、薯苗生长特性和薯苗群内环境条件(温湿度和光照强度)等方面进行分析。结果表明：S19和Y25的采苗量均随排种量的增加表现先升高后降低的趋势,以20 kg/m²排种量处理最高,分别为2 124株/m²和986株/m²,较10、15、25 kg/m²处理分别显著增加107.4%、19.1%、10.1%和100.4%、45.4%、8.6%;Y25叶片净光合速率、茎部剪切力和拉伸力也均以20 kg/m²排种量处理最高,分别较25 kg/m²排种量处理显著增加16.54%、25.4%、44.5%;S19和Y25薯苗壮弱比、茎部机械力、茎部木质素含量及叶片、叶柄和茎干率也都是20 kg/m²...     

广西柑桔黄斑落叶病防治药剂筛选

为筛选由小孢拟盘多毛孢菌Pestalotiopsis microspora引起的柑桔黄斑落叶病的防治药剂,2014年通过室内菌丝生长速率法、孢子萌发法及田间药效试验评价了几种药剂的效果。结果表明,在室内,25%咪鲜胺乳油、80%代森锰锌可湿性粉剂、10%苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂、80%乙蒜素乳油、25%吡唑醚菌酯乳油等药剂均能完全抑制小孢拟盘多毛孢菌的菌丝生长,25%咪鲜胺乳油、25%嘧菌酯悬浮剂、10%苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂、80%乙蒜素乳油和25%吡唑醚菌酯乳油等药剂均能完全抑制小孢拟盘多毛孢菌的孢子萌发。在田间,25%吡唑醚菌酯乳油250或175mg/L单用,25%吡唑醚菌酯乳油250mg/L与99%矿物油乳油(2 973或4 950mg/L)混用,60%吡唑醚菌酯·代森联水分散粒剂400mg/L的表现较好,防治效果均在96%以上,可在生产中应用。     

冬虫夏草固体发酵物水提液抗疲劳作用初步研究

通过研究冬虫夏草(Ophiocordyceps sinensis)固体发酵物水提液对负重小鼠游泳时间的影响,初步探讨其抗疲劳作用。结果表明:与阴性对照组相比,灌胃喂养冬虫夏草固体发酵物水提液的小鼠负重游泳时间显著延长,证明在本试验条件下冬虫夏草固体发酵物具有显著的抗疲劳作用。     

拮梗种质资源间组织培养特性的差异性研究

研究用N6 NAA 0.5 mg/L 6-BA 1.0 mg/L培养基,接来自中国各地、朝鲜、韩国、日本等地的25份桔梗种质资源的无菌苗的叶片,比较桔梗种质资源间组织培养特性的差异.结果表明:从接种的叶片中分化出小苗的百分率变化范围在42%～90%,多数分布在61%～90 %,培养物的鲜重、干重及干重/鲜重比也一定程度上反映种质资源间的差异.     

上海青氮肥追施减量增效试验

为研究追肥减氮对上海青生长和土壤理化性状的影响,设置空白对照、常规施肥、追肥减氮10%、追肥减氮15%、追肥减氮20%、追肥减氮25%、追肥减氮30%7个处理。试验结果表明,追肥减氮25%时,上海青鲜质量和品质指标显著高于对照和其他处理;土壤和植株氮、磷、钾等有效养分含量显著高于对照和其他处理,说明在一定范围内,随着氮肥施用量的降低,其利用率反而增加,因此在栽培过程中合理施用氮肥能够有效提高肥料利用率。     

Vector analysis in the study of the nutritional status of Philodendron cultivated in compost-based media

Compost (CP) made from 70% ligno-cellulosic compounds and 30% sewage sludge was studied as a component of growing media in a 6-month Philodendron cultivation. CP's agronomic viability was evaluated via four plant-growth media containing 25–50–75–100% CP and white sphagnum peat (WP) in comparison to a commercial substrate with white and black peat. Plant nutrition conditions were investigated by determining macro- (TKN, P, K, Ca, Mg and micronutrients (Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Na) and heavy metals (Ni, Cd, Cr, Pb) in roots and shoot tissues. Data were compared by vector analysis against control. Even if no leaf injuries were visible after 6-months’ growth, a CP ratio of up to 50% caused growth depression of canopy tissues, as attested by the 37 and 36% reduction in total leaf dry weight and leaf area, respectively. Root growth decline was also notable at 25% CP, where 38% root dry weight reduction implied a significant increase (46%) in shoot–root dry weight ratio. The investigation on nutrient tissue content showed high accumulation of Ni, Fe, Cr, Zn, Cd, Mn, Mg and P in roots; Mg appeared related to K deficiency. Above-ground nutritional status showed a severe lack of P, Mg and Mn. Vector analysis suggests the sewage sludge CP in Philodendron pot cultivation produces many such effects like direct toxic action and antagonistic action, resulting in a general nutrient imbalance in plants.     

壮瑶药水罗伞种子萌发特性及播种育苗研究

在不同温度、光照、贮藏条件、浸种处理下研究水罗伞种子的发芽特性,比较3种不同基质下的种苗生长发育情况。结果表明:光照条件对水罗伞种子萌发的影响不明显,当温度在15/25℃及25℃时种子具有较高的发芽率,浸种24h发芽率最高可达到96.7%,室温下贮藏60d后种子发芽率明显下降。3种不同播种基质间种子发芽率没有明显差异。随着苗木的生长,播种180d后调查显示,以疏松而富有营养的泥炭土条件下其根长、根重、全株重值均最大,苗木生长最好。     

The influence of water stress and air velocity on growth of Impatiens walleriana and Petunia × hybrid

Impatiens walleriana ‘DeZire’ and Petunia × hybrid ‘Tidal Wave’ were subjected to a combination of water stress and exposure to wind to evaluate the potential application of these treatments as an alternative to chemical growth retardation. Air velocities evaluated were 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.5, and 4.5 m s⁻¹ and irrigation treatments were either control or 45% water stress based on irrigation occurring when the weight of the plant (plant, pot and peat) was reduced by 25% (control) or 45% (water stress) of the initial weight. The experiment was repeated twice; once in spring and once in summer.     

Response of ‘Early Imperial’ Mandarins to Selective Harvesting

All cv Early Imperial mandarin fruits with circumferences 14 cm or more were removed in the first week of May or in July and the remaining fruits as well as those from the controls were picked in the last week of August. Increases in fruit circumference and in fruit weight were recorded only on the trees selectively picked in May, suggesting a minimum time requirement for sizing after removing about 25% to 40% of the fruit. Changes in palatability, colour, puffiness and dryness with time indicated that selective harvesting should not be practised beyond late August to avoid dryness and puffiness.     

Na2CO3胁迫对蚕豆幼苗生长及叶绿素含量的影响

研究不同浓度（5,10,15,25mmol/L）Na2CO3胁迫对蚕豆幼苗生长及叶绿素含量等指标的影响及作用机理。结果表明,低浓度的Na2CO3处理促进了蚕豆幼苗鲜、干质量增加,Na2CO3浓度超过25mmol/L时将抑制蚕豆幼苗生长。随Na2CO3浓度的升高,蚕豆幼苗叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素a＋b的含量先升高后降低。25mmol/LNa2CO3较严重地抑制了叶绿素的合成。随着Na2CO3浓度的升高,叶绿素a/b先升高后下降,最高点出现在5mmol/LNa2CO3处理时,15mmol/LNa2CO3处理叶绿素a/b与对照无明显差别,25mmol/LNa2CO3处理叶绿素a/b比对照有所下降。     

Leaf-to-fruit ratio affects water and dry-matter content of mango fruit

Summary

Changes in water and dry-matter content of developing mango fruit (Mangifera indica L. ‘Lirfa’) were investigated over a single season in Réunion Island, along with the effects of leaf:fruit ratio (10, 25, 50, 100 and 150 leaves per fruit on girdled branches). As the fruit developed, about 8–13% of fruit water weight was in the peel compared with 78–86% in the pulp and 6–9% in the stone. When the data were expressed on a dry-weight basis, 12–20% was in the peel, 60–70% was in the pulp and 18–20% in the stone. At harvest, larger fruit, on treatment 100, had a higher proportion of weight in the pulp. Good relationships between water and dry weight of each fruit component were found, regardless of the treatment. They showed that the rate of water accumulation decreased when the dry weight increased and that the dry-matter content increased as the fruit developed as well. Increasing leaf:fruit ratio to 100 leaves per fruit improved fruit yield by 300 g and pulp dry-matter content by 6%, for a total of 550 g and 20% at harvest. Fruit quality as estimated by pulp dry-matter content could be calculated easily during the changes in fruit weight over the season. Moreover, this indicator could be useful to assess the maturity of mango fruit.     

Addition of salicylic acid to nutrient solution combined with postharvest treatments (hot water,salicylic acid,and calcium dipping) improved postharvest fruit quality of strawberry

This experiment was conducted to study the effect of salicylic acid addition to nutrient solution and different postharvest treatments on fruit quality of strawberry cv. Camarosa after 7 days at 2 °C. Plants were irrigated with two complete nutrient solutions, with salicylic acid (0.03 mM) or without salicylic acid as the control. Fruits were then treated with eight different postharvest treatments (25 °C water, 45 °C water, 25 °C or 45 °C water containing CaCl₂ (1%), 25 °C or 45 °C water containing salicylic acid (2 mM) and 25 °C or 45 °C water containing both CaCl₂ (1%) and salicylic acid (2 mM)). Fruits which received SA in their nutrient solution had less weight loss and decay and higher firmness. All of the postharvest treatments improved fruit quality characteristics. Fruits dipped in salicylic acid solution had less weight loss, decay and a* (redness) and higher firmness and hue angle than control. Heat treated fruits had less decay and a* and higher hue angle than control. Fruits dipped in CaCl₂ solution had less weight loss, decay and a* and higher firmness than control. Combination of the three postharvest treatments improved firmness, decay, weight loss and vitamin C.